The main purpose of this presentation will be to discuss various possibilities of using a small gasoline direct injected two-stroke engine as a range extender for electric vehicles.

1. Renewable energies | Eco-friendly production | Innovative transport | Eco-efficient processes | Sustainable resources
© 2014 – Pierre DURET – IFP School
Small gasoline direct fuel injection
two-stroke engines
for range extender applications
PPPPiiiieeeerrrrrrrreeee DDDDUUUURRRREEEETTTT – Director
Center for "Engines & Utilization of Hydrocarbons"
IFP School, France
Pierre DURET – SETC Pisa – November 2014
Future mobility solutions will be more adapted
to the needs
Source ERTRAC (European Road transport Research Advisory Council) - 2010
2 Pierre DURET – SETC Pisa – November 2014
with a long term diversification of
energy & powertrains
Source ERTRAC (European Road transport Research Advisory Council) - 2010
3 Pierre DURET – SETC Pisa – November 2014
Range Extender (REX) for vehicle applications
EV with thermal engine
electric generator
Generally no mechanical
link between the thermal
engine and the wheels
When battery SOC too low
REX start to maintain vehicle mobility
Rather poor overall efficiency in REX mode / several steps of energy
conversion: thermal mechanical electrical mechanical
4 Pierre DURET – SETC Pisa – November 2014
Source Véhicule 2030 Jean Syrota report - 2008
Thermal
engine
Electric
Electric power supply unit
Mechanical driving
Electrical power
generator Electric
motor /
generator

2. SSSSmmmmaaaallllllll eeeennnnggggiiiinnnneeee RRRREEEEXXXX to increase the City EV range
5 Pierre DURET – SETC Pisa – November 2014
Why is there an interest in considering
two-stroke engine for REX of electric cars ?
In 1998, PSA presented at the Paris Auto
Show an EV-prototype with extended range,
the Saxo DYNAvolt
but it was not the right period for electric vehicles
and 2-stroke gasoline DI technology was not yet mature !
why not reconsidering now DI 2-stroke for EV range extender ?
6 Pierre DURET – SETC Pisa – November 2014
Auxiliary Power Unit
• prototype DI 2-stroke technology
• 2 cyl. opposite 200 cc , 6,5 kW
• direct coupling with starter generator
• vol. 30x30x25 cm mass of 20 kg
• under the rear seat
Pure EV range: 80 km
Extended range up to 340 km
Max speed 120 km/h
Vehicle mass 1050 kg
3 case studies of DI 2-stroke REX
+ + +
7 Pierre DURET – SETC Pisa – November 2014
Multi-usage high
performance luxury
EV sport car
Lightweight
urban sport
plug-in hybrid
EV city car
58 kW 3-cylinder
outboard based
DI 2-stroke
30 kW 2-cylinder
snowmobile based
DI 2-stroke
15 kW 2-cylinder
scooter based
DI 2-stroke
3 case studies of DI 2-stroke REX
+ + +
8 Pierre DURET – SETC Pisa – November 2014
Multi-usage high
performance
luxury sport car
Lightweight
urban sport
plug-in hybrid
EV city car
58 kW 3-cylinder
outboard based
DI 2-stroke
30 kW 2-cylinder
snowmobile based
DI 2-stroke
15 kW 2-cylinder
scooter based
DI 2-stroke

3. EV city car
Requested specifications for
9 Pierre DURET – SETC Pisa – November 2014
the thermal engine
2-cylinder 250 cc DI 2-stroke
Based on the use of 125 cc Honda Pantheon production
components (piston, rod, CAI-AR valve,…)
15 kW at moderate engine speed (noise control)
Operating point in CAI “Controlled Auto-Ignition” (NOx PM control)
Euro 6 emissions standards
Minimum packaging in 160 liters
“box” of the complete REX kit
(including, engine with intake, exhaust,
fuel circuit, cooling system, generator,
fuel tank,…)
Benchmark:
AVL EVARE
(Wankel based)
160 liters
EV city car
Engine architecture for REX
Possible 2-cylinder designs considered
In-line, combustion phasing @ 180 deg
In-line, combustion phasing @ 0 deg
In-line, combustion phasing @ 90 deg
V2 90°
Opposed cylinders (boxer)
Opposed pistons
10 Pierre DURET – SETC Pisa – November 2014
application
EV city car
Engine architecture for REX
Most important selection criteria considered for a range
extender application
NVH / balancing: with balancing shaft for in-line configurations
NVH / torque fluctuation: combustion frequency and phasing
Packaging / volume: intake exhaust systems, accessories,…
Packaging / weight: engine, exhaust system, balancing shaft,…
Cost: complexity of manufacturing of the engine and components (exhaust
system, balancing shaft, belts accessories,…)
Efficiency: scavenging process, exhaust tuning,…
11 Pierre DURET – SETC Pisa – November 2014
application
EV city car
EEEEnnnnggggiiiinnnneeee NNNNVVVVHHHH
BBBBaaaallllaaaannnncccciiiinnnngggg
NNNNVVVVHHHH
TTTToooorrrrqqqquuuueeee
fffflllluuuuccccttttuuuuaaaattttiiiioooonnnn
Engine architecture for REX
VVVVoooolllluuuummmmeeee WWWWeeeeiiiigggghhhhtttt CCCCoooosssstttt EEEEffffffffiiiicccciiiieeeennnnccccyyyy RRRRaaaattttiiiinnnngggg
I2 @ 180° + ++ - - + 0 2
I2 @ 0° + -- 0 0 + + 3
I2 @ 90° + - -- -- - -- 5
V2 90° 0 - -- -- - -- 6
Boxer 0 -- 0 0 0 + 4
Opp. pistons ++ -- + 0 - ++ 1
with balancing shaft
12 Pierre DURET – SETC Pisa – November 2014
application

4. EV city car
13 Pierre DURET – SETC Pisa – November 2014
Energy management
optimization
To determine the optimized REX operating TTTooo dddeeettteeerrrmmmiiinnneee ttthhheee oooppptttiiimmmiiizzzeeeddd RRREEEXXX ooopppeeerrraaatttiiinnnggg ppppooooiiiinnnntttt nnnneeeecccceeeessssssssaaaarrrryyyy ttttoooo
uuuunnnnddddeeeerrrrttttaaaakkkkeeee tttthhhheeee NNNNEEEEDDDDCCCC wwwwiiiitttthhhh mmmmaaaaiiiinnnnttttaaaaiiiinnnneeeedddd bbbbaaaatttttttteeeerrrryyyy SSSSOOOOCCCC
taking into account efficiency of the whole chain from the requested power at
the wheels to the corresponding power of the REX thermal engine
TTTToooo eeeessssttttiiiimmmmaaaatttteeee ((((bbbbaaaasssseeeedddd oooonnnn IIIIFFFFPPPP eeeexxxxppppeeeerrrriiiimmmmeeeennnnttttaaaallll DDDDIIII CCCCAAAAIIII 2222-ssssttttrrrrooookkkkeeee ddddaaaattttaaaabbbbaaaasssseeee))))
the pollutant emissions / Euro 6
the fuel consumption and EV range extension
WWWWiiiitttthhhh 4444 eeeexxxxaaaammmmpppplllleeeessss ooooffff vvvveeeehhhhiiiicccclllleeee aaaapppppppplllliiiiccccaaaattttiiiioooonnnn
VVVVeeeehhhhiiiicccclllleeee ddddaaaattttaaaa RRRReeeennnnaaaauuuulllltttt ZZZZOOOOEEEE BBBBMMMMWWWW iiii3333 CCCCiiiittttrrrrooooeeeennnn CCCC0000 SSSSeeeegggguuuullllaaaa HHHHaaaaggggoooorrrraaaa
Weight (kg) 1468 1190 1120 925
Estimated SCx (m2) 0,75 0,69 0,69 0,67
EV city car
Energy management
optimization
MMMMaaaaxxxxiiiimmmmuuuummmm vvvveeeehhhhiiiicccclllleeee ssssppppeeeeeeeedddd aaaacccchhhhiiiieeeevvvvaaaabbbblllleeee iiiinnnn RRRREEEEXXXX mmmmooooddddeeee ((((wwwwiiiitttthhhh ΔΔΔΔ SSSSOOOOCCCC====0000))))
wwwwiiiitttthhhh 11115555 kkkkWWWW @@@@ tttthhhheeee eeeennnnggggiiiinnnneeee 11111111,,,,33333333 kkkkWWWW @@@@ tttthhhheeee wwwwhhhheeeeeeeellllssss
VVVVeeeehhhhiiiicccclllleeee ssssppppeeeeeeeedddd ((((kkkkmmmm////hhhh)))) RRRReeeennnnaaaauuuulllltttt ZZZZOOOOEEEE BBBBMMMMWWWW iiii3333 CCCCiiiittttrrrrooooeeeennnn CCCC0000 SSSSeeeegggguuuullllaaaa HHHHaaaaggggoooorrrraaaa
0% slope 98,6 101,3 101,3 102,2
2% slope 73,4 78,4 80,3 84,8
4 % slope 53,4 59,3 62,3 69,2
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
NEDC saturé à 90km/h
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Speed Vites se ((km/h)
km/h)
Temp s (s)
Time (s)
choice to limit
14 Pierre DURET – SETC Pisa – November 2014
the vehicle speed
to 90 km/h
in REX mode
EV city car
Energy management
optimization
CCCChhhhooooiiiicccceeee ooooffff tttthhhheeee RRRREEEEXXXX ooooppppeeeerrrraaaattttiiiinnnngggg ppppooooiiiinnnntttt ttttoooo mmmmeeeeeeeetttt tttthhhheeee EEEEuuuurrrroooo 6666 lllleeeeggggiiiissssllllaaaattttiiiioooonnnn
AAAAvvvveeeerrrraaaaggggeeee ppppoooowwwweeeerrrr ((((kkkkWWWW))))
wwwwiiiitttthhhh ΔΔΔΔ SSSSOOOOCCCC ==== 0000
RRRReeeennnnaaaauuuulllltttt ZZZZOOOOEEEE BBBBMMMMWWWW iiii3333 CCCCiiiittttrrrrooooeeeennnn CCCC0000 SSSSeeeegggguuuullllaaaa HHHHaaaaggggoooorrrraaaa
NEDC 2,82 2,61 2,58 2,47
TTTTrrrraaaaddddeeee-ooooffffffff bbbbeeeettttwwwweeeeeeeennnn NNNNOOOOxxxx ((((↘↘↘↘ wwwwhhhheeeennnn rrrrppppmmmm ↗↗↗↗)))) aaaannnndddd nnnnooooiiiisssseeee ((((↗ wwwwhhhheeeennnn rrrrppppmmmm ↗↗↗↗))))
choice of 4444000000000000 rrrrppppmmmm mmmmaaaaxxxx ppppoooowwwweeeerrrr ooooffff 2222,,,,99997777 kkkkWWWW (1,78 bar BEMP)
achievable (sufficient for all vehicles) in CCCCAAAAIIII ccccoooommmmbbbbuuuussssttttiiiioooonnnn wwwwiiiitttthhhhoooouuuutttt DDDDeeeeNNNNOOOOxxxx
EEEEssssttttiiiimmmmaaaatttteeeedddd
eeeemmmmiiiissssssssiiiioooonnnnssss
NNNNEEEEDDDDCCCC ((((99990000kkkkmmmm////hhhh)))) EEEEUUUURRRROOOO 6666 lllliiiimmmmiiiittttssss
HC (mg/km) 555599995555 111100000000
CO ( mg/km) 1111000044446666 1111000000000000
NOx (mg/km) 55559999,,,,6666 66660000
15 Pierre DURET – SETC Pisa – November 2014
Oxi. cat required
EV city car
16 Pierre DURET – SETC Pisa – November 2014
Vehicle integration
CATIA pre-design study of
the REX packaging in a
160 liters volume including:
DI/CAI 250cc 2-stroke with
intake exhaust systems
generator and its coupling
with the engine
cooling system with radiator
and fan
DC/DC convertor
fuel tank (10 liters)
NNNNEEEEDDDDCCCC ooooppppeeeerrrraaaattttiiiinnnngggg ppppooooiiiinnnntttt SSSSiiiimmmmuuuullllaaaattttiiiioooonnnn rrrreeeessssuuuullllttttssss
Engine Power 2,97 kW
Engine BMEP 1,78 bar @ 4000 rpm
Fuel consumption
REX mode only
3,6 l / 100 km
293 g/kWh
Average CO2 emissions
(with 125 km EV range)
15 g/km
Corresponding
extended vehicle range
280 km

5. 3 case studies of DI 2-stroke REX
+ + +
17 Pierre DURET – SETC Pisa – November 2014
Multi-usage high
performance
luxury sport car
Lightweight
urban sport
plug-in hybrid
EV city car
58 kW 3-cylinder
outboard based
DI 2-stroke
30 kW 2-cylinder
snowmobile based
DI 2-stroke
15 kW 2-cylinder
scooter based
DI 2-stroke
Requested specifications for
the vehicle thermal engine
Lightweight
urban sport
plug-in hybrid
Vehicle specifications (Segula Hagora project):
Lightweight 3-seat mid-size vehicle
Plug-in hybrid
25 km electric range
Acceleration: 0-100 km/h 10s
Top speed: 185 km/h
Average fuel consumption target : 2 l/100 km
Thermal engine specifications
based on a 2-cylinder snowmobile ROTAX 600 HO engine
High power / weight
Longest stroke available engine
Already equipped with direct injection (E-Tec)
Modified for high torque at low speed and limited maximum speed
Euro 6 emissions capability (exhaust valve for ultra low NOx CAI)
18 Pierre DURET – SETC Pisa – November 2014
Lightweight
urban sport
plug-in hybrid
Requested specifications for
PPPPrrrroooodddduuuuccccttttiiiioooonnnn RRRRoooottttaaaaxxxx 666600000000 HHHHOOOO MMMMooooddddiiiiffffiiiieeeedddd eeeennnnggggiiiinnnneeee
Displacement 594 cc 594 cc
Bore x stroke 72 mm * 73 mm 72 mm x 73 mm
Power output 85 kW @ 8000 rpm 30-35 kW @ 5500 rpm
BMEP @ 2500 rpm 4 bar 6,5 bar
Idle speed 1200 rpm 800 rpm
Emissions Euro 6
19 Pierre DURET – SETC Pisa – November 2014
the thermal engine
MMMMoooottttiiiivvvvaaaattttiiiioooonnnn ffffoooorrrr eeeennnnggggiiiinnnneeee mmmmooooddddiiiiffffiiiiccccaaaattttiiiioooonnnnssss
↘ maximum engine speed
↗ low speed torque
↘ of raw emissions (HC)
Improved ability to CAI combustion
TTTToooo rrrreeeeaaaacccchhhh eeeeffffffffiiiicccciiiieeeennnnccccyyyy eeeemmmmiiiissssssssiiiioooonnnnssss ooooffff IIIIFFFFPPPP eeeexxxxppppeeeerrrriiiimmmmeeeennnnttttaaaallll DDDDIIII CCCCAAAAIIII 2222-ssssttttrrrrooookkkkeeee ddddaaaattttaaaa bbbbaaaasssseeee
20 Pierre DURET – SETC Pisa – November 2014
GT Power modeling of
modified configuration /
performance targets
Lightweight
urban sport
plug-in hybrid
+ 30 kW
+ 20 kW
+ 10 kW
MMMMaaaaiiiinnnn eeeennnnggggiiiinnnneeee
mmmmooooddddiiiiffffiiiiccccaaaattttiiiioooonnnnssss
PPPPrrrroooodddduuuuccccttttiiiioooonnnn RRRRoooottttaaaaxxxx
666600000000 HHHHOOOO
MMMMooooddddiiiiffffiiiieeeedddd eeeennnnggggiiiinnnneeee
Exhaust opening 82 deg. CA ATDC 110 deg. CA ATDC
Transfer opening 110 deg. CA ATDC 125 deg. CA ATDC
Exhaust tuning
7900 rpm 4500 rpm
speed

6. 21 Pierre DURET – SETC Pisa – November 2014
Selected Plug-in Hybrid
architecture
Lightweight
urban sport
plug-in hybrid
2 stroke ICE
E-motor
Gear 1.41:1
for vehicle top speed with
32 kW e-motor + 30 kW ICE
CVT
Final drive
of 3.6
for lowest CVT
reduction ratio at
vehicle top speed
32 kW
max. 8000 rpm
30 kW @ 5500 rpm
E-motor
Clutch
for full EV mode
22
Simulink Energy
management optimization
Optimized
hybrid mode
strategy for
best fuel
consumption /
NOx trade-off
Lightweight
urban sport
plug-in hybrid
23
Lightweight
urban sport
plug-in hybrid
1sssstttt NNNNEEEEDDDDCCCC
ccccyyyycccclllleeee ((((EEEEVVVV))))
2nnnndddd NNNNEEEEDDDDCCCC
ccccyyyycccclllleeee
WWWWeeeeiiiigggghhhhtttteeeedddd
aaaavvvveeeerrrraaaaggggeeee
TTTTaaaarrrrggggeeeetttt
FFFFuuuueeeellll ccccoooonnnnssssuuuummmmppppttttiiiioooonnnn [[[[llll////111100000000kkkkmmmm]]]] 0 3.30 1111....55556666 2
NNNNOOOOxxxx [[[[mmmmgggg////kkkkmmmm]]]] 0 222255556666 60
HHHHCCCC [[[[mmmmgggg////kkkkmmmm]]]] 0 969 100
CCCCOOOO [[[[mmmmgggg////kkkkmmmm]]]] 0 5566 1000
OOOOppppttttiiiimmmmiiiizzzzeeeedddd hhhhyyyybbbbrrrriiiidddd mmmmooooddddeeee ssssttttrrrraaaatttteeeeggggyyyy ffffoooorrrr bbbbeeeesssstttt ffffuuuueeeellll ccccoooonnnnssssuuuummmmppppttttiiiioooonnnn //// NNNNOOOOxxxx
ttttrrrraaaaddddeeee-ooooffffffff
Very good fuel consumption
Too high NOx emissions EEEEuuuurrrroooo 6666 nnnnooootttt aaaacccchhhhiiiieeeevvvvaaaabbbblllleeee wwwwiiiitttthhhhoooouuuutttt DDDDeeeeNNNNOOOOxxxx
Oxi cat for CO HC conversion
Pierre DURET – SETC Pisa – November 2014
Energy
management optimization
24
Lightweight
urban sport
plug-in hybrid
CVT tuned for lowest NOx emissions
DI 2-stroke supplies constant power all the time
~ Average power to cover the NEDC cycle with ICE only
Low load working point in CAI combustion for ultra low NOx
Battery used as a buffer
E-motor also used as a generator
when ICE power vehicle demand
Globally charge sustaining
Batteries slowly charged during urban part of NEDC
Battery depletion during extra-urban part of NEDC
Range
Extender
Strategy
Pierre DURET – SETC Pisa – November 2014
Energy
management optimization

7. 25
Energy
management optimization
Lightweight
urban sport
plug-in hybrid
240
250
260
270
270
280
280
280
290
290
300
310
320
360
400
440
500
560
620
Engine RPM
Engine Torque [N.m]
BSFC (g/kWh)
1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500
60
50
40
30
20
10
5 6
0.2
0.2
3 2
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.8
1
4
7
7
7
8
8
8
9
9
10
10
11
11
12
13
Engine RPM
Engine Torque [N.m]
NOx emission (g/kWh)
1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500
60
50
40
30
20
10
150
100
50
0
-50
Range
Extender
Strategy
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
t [s]
S p e e d [ m / s ]
Vehicle speed
30
20
10
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
t [s]
T o r q u e [ N . m ]
Engine torque
40
20
0
-20
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
t [s]
P o w e r [ k W ]
Engine (red) motor power (blue)
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
t [s]
S o C [ - ]
Battery state of char ge
ICE power
E-motor power
26
Lightweight
urban sport
plug-in hybrid
1sssstttt NNNNEEEEDDDDCCCC
ccccyyyycccclllleeee ((((EEEEVVVV))))
2nnnndddd NNNNEEEEDDDDCCCC
ccccyyyycccclllleeee
WWWWeeeeiiiigggghhhhtttteeeedddd
aaaavvvveeeerrrraaaaggggeeee
TTTTaaaarrrrggggeeeetttt
FFFFuuuueeeellll ccccoooonnnnssssuuuummmmppppttttiiiioooonnnn [[[[llll////111100000000kkkkmmmm]]]] 0 4.00 1111....99990000 2
NNNNOOOOxxxx [[[[mmmmgggg////kkkkmmmm]]]] 0 28.4 60
HHHHCCCC [[[[mmmmgggg////kkkkmmmm]]]] 0 698 100
CCCCOOOO [[[[mmmmgggg////kkkkmmmm]]]] 0 1508 1000
RRRRaaaannnnggggeeee eeeexxxxtttteeeennnnddddeeeerrrr ssssttttrrrraaaatttteeeeggggyyyy
Slightly increased fuel consumption but still below the target
Ultra low NOx emissions EEEEuuuurrrroooo 6666 aaaacccchhhhiiiieeeevvvvaaaabbbblllleeee wwwwiiiitttthhhhoooouuuutttt DDDDeeeeNNNNOOOOxxxx
Easiest CO HC conversion with oxi cat
Pierre DURET – SETC Pisa – November 2014
Energy
management optimization
3 case studies of DI 2-stroke REX
+ + +
27 Pierre DURET – SETC Pisa – November 2014
Multi-usage high
performance luxury
EV sport car
Lightweight
urban sport
plug-in hybrid
EV city car
58 kW 3-cylinder
outboard based
DI 2-stroke
30 kW 2-cylinder
snowmobile based
DI 2-stroke
15 kW 2-cylinder
scooter based
DI 2-stroke
Multi-usage high
performance luxury
EV sport car
E-VVVVeeeehhhhiiiicccclllleeee ssssppppeeeecccciiiiffffiiiiccccaaaattttiiiioooonnnnssss::::
Weight: 1950 kg
SCx: 0,81 m2
Electric motors: 250 kW
Electric range:
300 km – NEDC
197 km @ 130 km/h
EEEExxxxtttteeeennnnddddeeeedddd ssssppppeeeecccciiiiffffiiiiccccaaaattttiiiioooonnnnssss wwwwiiiitttthhhh RRRREEEEXXXX
Vmax 140 km/h in REX mode
+ 300 km – NEDC
+ 247 km range @ 130 km/h
with 30 l fuel tank
28 Pierre DURET – SETC Pisa – November 2014

8. Choice of the engine architecture
adapted for REX application
Multi-usage high
performance
luxury sport car
EEEEnnnnggggiiiinnnneeee ttttyyyyppppeeee 3333 ccccyyyylllliiiinnnnddddeeeerrrr iiiinnnn-lllliiiinnnneeee 2222-ssssttttrrrrooookkkkeeee
Power output 58,8 kW @ 5500 rpm
Displacement 1025 cc
Bore x stroke 80 mm x 68 mm
Fuel system IAPAC LPDI
MMMMaaaaiiiinnnn rrrreeeeqqqquuuuiiiirrrreeeedddd eeeennnnggggiiiinnnneeee mmmmooooddddiiiiffffiiiiccccaaaattttiiiioooonnnnssss////aaaaddddaaaappppttttaaaattttiiiioooonnnnssss::::
No change of the thermodynamics/scavenging characteristics
Use of existing production DI system (IAPAC compressed air assisted
fuel injection)
Implementation of exhaust throttling valves for CAI combustion
New exhaust system including oxi cat
29 Pierre DURET – SETC Pisa – November 2014
Multi-usage high
performance
luxury sport car
One single operating point in CAI combustion for ultra low NOx
Same battery SOC at the beginning end of the NEDC cycle
NNNNEEEEDDDDCCCC ooooppppeeeerrrraaaattttiiiinnnngggg ppppooooiiiinnnntttt SSSSiiiimmmmuuuullllaaaattttiiiioooonnnn rrrreeeessssuuuullllttttssss
Engine BMEP 1,5 bar @ 3000 rpm
Engine Power 7,68 kW
Fuel consumption - REX mode only 9,9 l / 100 km 320 g/kWh
Average CO2 emissions 18 g / km
EEEEmmmmiiiissssssssiiiioooonnnnssss ccccoooommmmpppplllliiiiaaaannnncccceeee EEEEUUUURRRROOOO 6666 lllliiiimmmmiiiitttt
NOx emissions 45,8 mg / km 60 mg / km
NOx emissions can meet the legislation without DeNOx and with
regulated vehicle CO2 emissions of 18 g/km
30 Pierre DURET – SETC Pisa – November 2014
CONCLUSIONS
“Small Engines Leaning towards Sustainable Mobility”
To be able to propose eeeelllleeeeccccttttrrrriiiicccc vvvveeeehhhhiiiicccclllleeeessss eeeeqqqquuuuiiiippppppppeeeedddd wwwwiiiitttthhhh aaaa rrrraaaannnnggggeeee eeeexxxxtttteeeennnnddddeeeerrrr will
help to develop the EEEEVVVV ccccuuuussssttttoooommmmeeeerrrr aaaacccccccceeeeppppttttaaaannnncccceeee
SSSSmmmmaaaallllllll EEEEnnnnggggiiiinnnneeee TTTTeeeecccchhhhnnnnoooollllooooggggiiiieeeessss are well adapted for such application and will
therefore bring their contribution for future SSSSuuuussssttttaaaaiiiinnnnaaaabbbblllleeee MMMMoooobbbbiiiilllliiiittttyyyy
Among those technologies, the DDDDIIII 2222-ssssttttrrrrooookkkkeeee eeeennnnggggiiiinnnneeee represents a rrrreeeelllleeeevvvvaaaannnntttt
ccccaaaannnnddddiiiiddddaaaatttteeee thanks to its aaaaddddvvvvaaaannnnttttaaaaggggeeeessss of lightweight, compactness, double cycle
frequency and NVH, cost and efficiency
One of the mmmmaaaajjjjoooorrrr cccchhhhaaaalllllllleeeennnnggggeeee of the use of DDDDIIII 2222-ssssttttrrrrooookkkkeeee engines ffffoooorrrr aaaauuuuttttoooommmmoooottttiiiivvvveeee
range extender application is the NNNNOOOOxxxx PPPPMMMM eeeemmmmiiiissssssssiiiioooonnnnssss iiiissssssssuuuueeee
Energy management optimization of 3 examples of DI 2-stroke REX / EV
combination shows that, when combined with part load CCCCoooonnnnttttrrrroooolllllllleeeedddd AAAAuuuuttttoooo
IIIIggggnnnniiiittttiiiioooonnnn, EEEEuuuurrrroooo 6666 NNNNOOOOxxxx eeeemmmmiiiissssssssiiiioooonnnnssss can be achieved wwwwiiiitttthhhhoooouuuutttt DDDDeeeeNNNNOOOOxxxx
aftertreatment
And after a Technical proposal of contribution to CO2 mitigation
an EEEEdddduuuuccccaaaattttiiiioooonnnn iiiinnnniiiittttiiiiaaaattttiiiivvvveeee towards SSSSuuuussssttttaaaaiiiinnnnaaaabbbblllleeee MMMMoooobbbbiiiilllliiiittttyyyy …………....
31 Pierre DURET – SETC Pisa – November 2014
Massive Open On-line Course
A new eeeedddduuuuccccaaaattttiiiioooonnnnaaaallll tool designed by IFP School
SSSSuuuussssttttaaaaiiiinnnnaaaabbbblllleeee MMMMoooobbbbiiiilllliiiittttyyyy
Technical and environmental challenges for the automotive sector
► Week 1 : Global energy context and environmental issues
► Week 2 : Fuel and engine basics
► Week 3 : Engine technology and reduction of pollutant emissions
► Week 4 : Tomorrow’s mobility : what are the solutions ?
IIIInnnn pppprrrraaaaccccttttiiiicccceeee :::: FFFFrrrroooommmm 3333rrrrdddd ttttoooo 33330000tttthhhh NNNNoooovvvveeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 2222000011114444 ((((rrrreeeeggggiiiissssttttrrrraaaattttiiiioooonnnn cccclllloooosssseeeedddd oooonnnn NNNNoooovvvv.... 22225555 !!!!))))
►Who is it for ?
• Prerequisite : 1 or 2 years of higher education
• Language : English
►An innovating and interactive learning environment with a serious game as
a case study !
►A certificate of participation and achievement will be issued by IFP School
►It’s time to join at http://mooc.sustainable-mobility.ifp-school.com

9. Acknowledgements
IFP School students project teams:
Alexandre BORIE, Thomas BRICHARD, Thomas CREMILLEUX, Samuel
QUESADA
Félix GALLIENNE, Sébastien LEMOINE, Adrian MIGUEL SANCHEZ
Ivo LANIAR, Thomas LE BIHAN, Quentin PIRAUD
Estelle GRILLIERES, Vijaykannan MOHAN, Vincent ROVERE, Michel SANCHO
The students project supervisors:
Prakash DEWANGAN – IFP School
Lorenzo SERRAO – DANA
Stéphane VENTURI – IFP Energies Nouvelles
The support from industry
Benoit BAGUR – Exagon Motors
Pascal GIRARD – Segula Technologies
33 Pierre DURET – SETC Pisa – November 2014