Baliospermum montanum roots

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* Corresponding author:
E-mail address: mohanraghupathy@yahoo.co.in
Available online at www.ijrpp.com
Print ISSN: 2278 – 2648
Online ISSN: 2278 - 2656 IJRPP | Volume 2 | Issue 1 | 2013 Research article
Effect of Hydroalcoholic extract of Baliospermum montanum roots against
diabetic nephropathy on rats.
*
Mohanraghupathy .S, Silambujanaki.P, Chitra.V, Raju.D
Faculty of Pharmacology, SRM University College of Pharmacy, Chennai, India.
ABSTRACT
Baliospermummontanum is a plant possessing medicinal properties. The test sample was prepared by extracting the
material using Soxhlet apparatus taking ethanol and water in 7:3 ratio. In this study, the anti-diabetic effect on oral
administration of hydro alcoholic extract of Baliospermummontanum plant root at the dose of 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg
on Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats has been studied. The treatment was assessed by measuring the blood
glucose levels for once in three weeks. The extract was given continuously for 40 days. Then at the 39th
day urine
was collected by placing the rats in metabolic cages for 24 hours. Then on 40th
day blood samples were collected
from retro-orbital plexus. After collection of samples biochemical parameters like serum albumin, cholesterol, total
protein, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were measured using various kits with the help of semi auto analyser.
The investigated results showed that the extract inhibited the STZ induced diabetes in a dose dependent manner and
this effect was more significant with 200mg/kg dose. The reports showed that reduced blood glucose levels in the
animals. And also serum levels of cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and urine samples albumin and total
protein were also reduced. The results suggest that the hydro alcoholic extract of Baliospermummontanum at a dose
of 200 mg/kg exhibits significant effect on diabetic nephropathy.
Key words: Diabetic nephropathy, Baliospermummontanum, Streptozotocin
INTRODUCTION
Diabetes mellitus is associated with micro vascular,
macro vascular and non-vascular complications.
Increased production of reactive oxygen species
plays a role in pathogenesis and pathophysiological
mechanisms that trigger diabetic complications.1
Diabetic Nephropathy is characterized by persistent
albuminuria, a decline in the glomerular filtration rate
and elevated arterial blood pressure and is the leading
cause of chronic renal failure. Oxidative stress was
reported to play a key role in pathogenesis of many
diseases including diabetic nephropathy.2
Baliospermum has been explored phyto chemically
by various researchers and found to possess number
of chemical constituents. The phytochemical studies
on the roots of B.montanum revealed presence of five
phorbol esters, montanin (C32H48O8; yield, 0.018%),
baliospermin (0.003%), 12-deoxyphorbol-13 -
palmitate (0.021%), 12- deoxy-16- hydroxyphorbol-
13-palmitate (0.001%) and 12-deoxy-5 β –
hydroxyphorbol–13-myristate(0.007%).3
Prelimnary
phytochemical study on the roots showed presence of
flavonoids, glycosides and terpenoids. In the present
study, the effect of baliospermum on diabetes
International Journal of Research in
Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics

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Mohanraghupathy.S et al / Int. J. of Res. in Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics Vol-2(1) 2013 [263-266]
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associated metabolic disturbances, renal function and
oxidative stress was examined STZ-induced diabetic
rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Animals
Male albino rats (Wistar strain) weighing 150-
200gms. Procured from King Institute Guindy,
Chennai was used for the study.
Preparation of animals
Animals were kept for one week to acclimatize
laboratory conditions before starting the experiment,
they were allowed to free access of tap water and
standard rat feed.
Preparation of extract
The fresh roots of the plant were air dried and
powderered to 40 mesh and stored in airtight
container till further use. Powder (500gms) was taken
in a Soxhlet apparatus. Ethyl alcohol was used as
solvent for alcoholic extract, whereas distilled water
for aqueous extract. The solvent was allowed to
evaporate in a rotary vacuum evaporator. The
vapours were again cooled in condenser and the
extract was collected separately. 4
Chemicals and Drugs
Chemicals and Kits were purchased from Erba
Diagnostics Company Chennai.
Instruments
 Semi auto analyzer
 Cooling centrifuge
 Micropipettes.
Dose selection and preparation
Dose of Baliospermum montanum extract 100mg/kg
and 200mg/kg were chosen based on previous
reports.5
Dosage of Baliospermum montanum was
administered orally in volumes not exceeding 0.2 ml
was prepared in the form of solution by dissolving
aqueous extract in sterile water for injection.
METHODS
Experimental Design
Diabetes was induced by using Streptozotocin
(90mg/kg) for three days through intraperitoneal
route. 24 male Albino Wistar rats were divided into
four groups of six animals each, one group will be
normal, where one group was used as diabetic control
and the other two groups will be treated as test
groups.6
The plant extract (100mg-200mg) was
given for 40 days through oral route. On 39th
day
urine was collected for the measurements urinary
albumin and on 40th
day blood was collected through
retro-orbital plexus to study the parameters like
glucose, proteins, cholesterol, creatinine, albumin,
urea etc.
Histopathological parameters
 Kidney weight
 β-cells of pancreas
 Nephron numbers
RESULTS
Effect of Baliospermum montanum root extract on Blood glucose in diabetic rats
Groups Zero weeks Second week Fourth week
Normal 84.333 ± 1.430 88.66 ± 0.666 84.666 ± 1.145
Diabetic 216.10 ± 4.203 217.1 ± 4.203 221.5 ± 3.836
Diabetic+extract
100mg/kg
215.50 ± 1.727 195.3 ± 1.429 144.6 ± 1.429
Diabetic+extract
200mg/kg
221.10 ± 2.587 173.5 ± 1.176 108.5 ± 1.765

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Data 2
Zero
w
eek
second
w
eek
fourth
w
eek
Zero
w
eek
second
w
eek
fourth
w
eek
Zero
w
eek
second
w
eek
fourth
w
eek
Zero
w
eek
second
w
eek
fourth
w
eek
0
50
100
150
200
250
Zero week
second week
fourth week
Estimation of serum Cholesterol, Creatinine, Blood Urea Nitrogen & Urinary Albumin,
Total Protein
DISCUSSION
In diabetes mellitus, increased levels of blood
glucose, lipids, oxidized low density lipoproteins and
oxygen free radicals can induce glomerulosclerosis
and chronic tubule interstitial damage in the kidneys
leading to diabetic nephropathy. A progressive
decrease in the glomerular filtration rate due to loss
of functioning nephrons and histological renal
damage are common characteristics in the
development of diabetic nephropathy. In this study
our plant Baliospermummontanum root extract
showed significant effect in results in the reduction of
blood glucose levels and lipoproteins in animals
which were diabetic. Further it also had shown
decrease in levels of serum creatinine, blood urea
nitrogen etc. The urine samples of the animals which
receieved plant extract of root also shown decrease in
levels of albumin and total protein. Baliospermum
montanum is traditionally used as diaphoretic which
means elimination of body fluid through skin. And
the active constituents also consist of flavonoids. The
above two properties of the plant helped us to study
the diabetic nephropathy. Further studies on this plant
can be helpful for various treatments of diseases.
CONCLUSION
In this session we conclude that the present studies
indicated a significant antidiabetic and renal
protective effect with hydroalcoholic extract of
Baliospermummontanum and support its traditional
usage as diaphoretic in the control of diabetes and
diabetic nephropathy. Present treatment for diabetic
nephropathy requires at least two drugs, one is for
hypoglycemic and another one is angiotensin
converting enzyme inhibitor. From the above study,
hydroalcoholic extract of Baliospermummontanum
showed significant antidiabetic as well as renal
Groups Total
cholesterol
Serum
creatinine
Blood urea
nitrogen
Total Protein
in Urine
Albumin in
Urine
Normal 76.5 ± 0.761 0.453 ± 0.011 22.33 ± 1.476 1.122 ± 0.017 7.017 ± 0.238
Diabetic 184.2 ± 1.302 1.125 ± 0.173 55.50 ± 2.405 3.263 ± 0.156 16.35 ± 1.434
Diabetic +
extract(100mg/kg)
124.5 ± 9.010 0.841 ± 0.029 39.17 ± 3.317 2.112 ± 0.219 13.17 ± 0.070
Diabetic +
extract(200mg/kg)
109.5 ± 1.432 0.655 ± 0.085 30.50 ± 0.763 1.558 ± 0.695 8.783 ± 0.235

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Mohanraghupathy.S et al / Int. J. of Res. in Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics Vol-2(1) 2013 [263-266]
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protective effect by decreasing blood glucose, serum
creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urinary albumin
and serum cholesterol levels. Hence
Baliospermummontanum plant root extract alone will
be useful in the treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
[1] Good Man and Gilman, Stephen N. Davis and Daryl K. Granner, “Insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents and
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ghonaime, (2009) “Experimental Diabetic Nephropathy can be prevented by Propolis”, Pak .J. Pharm.
Sci.,Vol.22,pp.205-210.
[3] Nambiar VPK, Sabu TK, Jayanthy A, Rajendrakumar K., (1978). “Pharmacognostical studies on Baliospermum
montanum”. (Euphorbiaceae). Planta Medica. Vol 33.pp.128-43.
[4] Sudeep Tandon and shalendra Rane. “Decoction and hot continues extraction techniques”., ICS (UNIDO)., vol
17., pp.5-102.
[5] Raju Ratan Wadekar, Sachin Supel and Sunil satyappa Jalalpure, (2008). “Screening of roots of Baliospermum
montanum for hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol induced liver damage in albino rats”.IJGP.pp.220.
[6] Richa Vaishya,J.Singh,(2010) “ Biochemical effects of Irbesartan in experimental diabetic nephropathy
”IJP.pp.1.
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