1. PRONOMINALS & REFERENCE
GROUP J
Parmi Utami Reni Atika Lestari Pandu Raharja
201012500772 201012500987 201012500619
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2. PRONOMINALS
• Pronominal takes place of a NP.
• Pronominal is used to avoid repeating a NP.
• A NP which pronominal refers to is called as an
antecedent.
Samuel is a father. Samuel has a son.
Samuel is a father. He has a son.
He refers to Samuel. Samuel is as an antecedent of He.
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3. PERSONAL PRONOMINALS
CASE
NOMINATIVE OBJECTIVE POSSESIVE
NUMBER SING PL SING PL SING PL
PERSON
1st I WE ME US MY/MINE OUR/OURS
2nd YOU YOU YOU YOU YOUR/YOURS YOUR/YOURS
HE HIM HIS/HIS
3rd SHE THEY HER THEM HER/HERS THEIR/THEIRS
IT IT ITS/-
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4. PRONOMINAL-ANTECEDENT
AGREEMENT
• Pronominal & its antecedent should agree in:
1. Number (singular/plural)
2. Gender (male/female/neuter)
3. Person (1st/2nd/3rd person)
4. Case (subject/object/possesive)
I have a nephew. Their name is Adam I have a nephew. My name is Adam
I have a nephew. Her name is Adam I have a nephew. Him name is Adam
I have a nephew. His name is Adam
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5. PRONOMINAL-ANTECEDENT
AGREEMENT
ANTECEDENT SUBJECT OBJECT POSSESIVE
David He Him His/His
Lucy She Her Her/Hers
David & Lucy They Them Their/Theirs
David, Lucy & I We Us Our/Ours
A pen It It Its/-
The pens They Them Their/Theirs
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6. THE USAGE OF
PRONOMINALS
• Nominative Pronominals
– before predicate We will have a test next week.
• Objective Pronominals
– after predicate Someone gives me the cake.
– after preposition Marsha’s father is proud of her
• Internal Possesive Pronominals
– before a NP Bima saves his money in the bank.
• Independent Possesive Pronominals
– without a NP Yours is on the table.
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7. LET’S PRACTICE!
Retno is one of our friend. Retno is funny. We
love Retno. Retno’s style often makes us laugh.
Retno’s is different from the others.
Retno is one of our friend. She is funny. We
love her. Her style often makes us laugh.
Hers is different from the others.
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8. REFERENCE
• A relation between objects in which one
object designates by which to connect to
or to link to another object.
• The first object in this relation is said to
refer to the second object.
• The second object is called the referent of
the first object.
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9. THE RULES
1. Pronominal & its antecedent can’t be in the same
clause.
Eva is looking at her in the long mirror.
One clause
Her ≠ Eva
Eva knows that Mike is looking at her in the long mirror.
1st clause 2nd clause
Her = Eva
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10. THE RULES
2. Pronominal & its antecedent can’t be in the same
NP
Orsino’s eloquence about him.
One NP
Him ≠ Orsino
A play that Marlowe wrote about Shakespeare’s treatment of him.
1st NP 2nd NP
Him = Marlowe
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11. THE RULES
2. Pronominal & its antecedent can’t be in the same
NP
NP
Det N’
N’ S’
N
a play that Marlowe wrote about NP
N’
NP
N’ N PP
N
Shakespeare’s treatment of him
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12. THE RULES
3. Pronominal can precede its antecedent only if the
pronominal is in a lower ranked clause
Lower ranked clause is same as an embedded clause or a
subordinate clause
Because he is very sleepy, Agus goes to bed earlier. He = Agus
SC IC
Differ from this one!
He saw that the dentist had examined Agus. He ≠ Agus
IC SC
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13. THANK YOU
LET’S DO THE BEST
FOR OUR TEST
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