3. 3
Committed to you
Shariah
Lexical meaning: Plain Way (Sirat e Mustaqim)
Technical meaning: The Divine Law
“Then We have put you (O prophet) on a plain way of (our) commandment. So follow
it and do not follow the desires of those who do not know.” (45:18)
4. 4
Committed to you
Shariah
• Shariah is the comprehensive body of Islamic laws that regulate the public and private
aspects of the lives of the Muslims.
• Shariah is the totality of religious, political, social, domestic and private life.
• Shariah is not a single code of laws; rather, it consists of various sources that legal
experts refer to.
• Shariah is primarily meant for all Muslims, but applies to a certain extent also for
people living inside a Muslim society.
5. 5
Committed to you
Sources of Shariah
• There are four sources of Shariah from which the commands of Shariah can be
derived:
– Primary Sources:
• Quraan Kareem
• Sunnah
– Secondary Sources
• Ijmaa
• Qiyas
6. 6
Committed to you
Sources of Shariah
• Quran:
– Quran kareem and it verses revealed on Muhammad Sallalahu Alaihi Wasallam by
Allah SWT.
– The concepts and the words both are from Allah SWT.
– Rulings derived explicitly from Qur’an are Farz (,)فرض and its refutation is Kufr
(.)کفر
7. 7
Committed to you
Sources of Shariah
• Quran:
• It is not true to say that Allah SWT revealed the concepts and The Holy Prophet
Sallalahu Alaihi Wasallam selected the words with Jibraeel AS. As mentioned in
following verse of Sorah Al Qiyamah:
– O Prophet Do not move your tongue (during revelation) for (reciting it, Quran), to
receive it in hurry. It is surely undertaken by Us to store it in your heart and let it
be recited. [Al Qiyamah 16,17]
8. 8
Committed to you
Sources of Shariah
• Quran:
– Background of verses are very important to identify the rulings revealed.
• O you who believe! Do not come near the prayer while you are drunk [Al Nis
43]
– This verse has been revealed before the wine has been prohibited.
9. 9
Committed to you
Sources of Shariah
• Sunnah:
– Sunnah is defined as “A word spoken or an act done or a confirmation (Silent
Approvals) given by the Holy Prophet Muhammad Sallalahu Alaihi Wasallam ”.
– Ahadith act as interpreter and explainer for Quranic teachings and directives.
– Ahadith also includes statements and practices of companions of Holy Prophet
(Sallalahu Alaihi Wasallam ).
10. 10
Committed to you
Sources of Shariah
• Sunnah:
– Does the Quran needs explanation?
– The verses of Holy Quran contains examples, history of past nations and other
factual things are self explanatory and do not need any Tafseer.
– However, the instructions made in multiple verses that require explanations of
Holy Prophet Sallalahu Alaihi Wasallam .
11. 11
Committed to you
Sources of Shariah
• Ijmaa- Scholarly Consensus
– Scholarly consensus is defined as being the agreement of all Muslim scholars on a
specific issue. Given the condition that all such scholars have to agree to the
ruling, its scope is limited to matters that are clear according to the Qur'an and
Prophetic example, upon which such consensus must necessarily be based.
12. 12
Committed to you
Sources of Shariah
• Qiyas- The analogy
– Qiyas, is reasoning by analogy. In order to apply Qiyas to similar cases, the reason
or cause of the Islamic rule must be clear.
– Legal analogy is a powerful tool to derive rulings for new matters. For example,
drugs have been deemed impermissible, through legal analogy from the
prohibition of alcohol that is established in the Qur'an. Such a ruling is based on
the common underlying effective cause of intoxication.
13. 13
Committed to you
Shariah Rulings
Type of Rulings Practice Not-Practice
Fard / Wajib (Obligation) Rewarded Punished
Sunnah Rewarded Not Punished
Mandoob (Recommended) Rewarded Not Punished
Mubaah ( Permissible) Not Rewarded Not Punished
Haram ( Prohibition) Punished Rewarded
Makrooh Tehrimi (Near to
Prohibition)
Punished Rewarded
Makrooh (Discouraged) Not Punished Not Rewarded
