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Physics 101:  Lecture 24  Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory ,[object Object],EXAM III
Aside: The Periodic Table
The Periodic Table Explained ? proton neutron electron Look carefully
Energy vs Mass  He (m=4.0026 u) O (M=15.9995 u) So  energy  is the same as  mass  somehow ?? 4 x He = 16.01 u Mass difference = 0.01 u    = binding energy E = mc 2   (phys 102)
Molecular Picture of Gas ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],moles! I hate moles!
Atomic Act I ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],H 2 O O 2 correct
Atomic Act II ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],H 2 O (3 atoms) O 2  (2 atoms) correct
Atomic Act III ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],H 2 O (M = 16 + 1 + 1) O 2  (M = 16 + 16) correct
The Ideal Gas Law ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],I don't understand why we have the ideal gas law when basically no gases are ideal. It confuses me [old comment].
Ideal Gas Law ACT I PV = nRT ,[object Object],[object Object],Careful, you need to use the temperature in K P = P 0  (38+273)/(20+273)
Ideal Gas Law: ACT II pV = nRT ,[object Object],[object Object],V=20 P=30 V=10 P=?? ,[object Object]
Balloon ACT 1 ,[object Object],[object Object],Balloon is still open to atmospheric pressure, so it stays at 1 atm
Balloon ACT 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],F B  =    V g    is density of outside air!
Balloon ACT 3 ,[object Object],[object Object],PV = NkT P and V are constant. If T increases N decreases.
Lecture 24,   Preflight 2 ,[object Object],The flame lifts the balloon because it gets rid of the air inside, making it lighter inside. Dumbledore has cast levitation charms (which is pronounced leviosá not leviosa) on every hot air balloon.  hot air rises. The fire heats up the air inside the balloon. The air rises and pushes on the inside of the balloon which makes the pressure higher on the inside than the outside. Since there is more pressure pushing up than pushing down, the balloon rises. Note!  this is not a pressure effect, it is a density effect.  As T increases, the density decreases the balloon then floats due to Archimedes principle.  The pressure remains constant!
Ideal Gas Law: Demos pV = nRT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Kinetic Theory: The relationship between energy and temperature (for  monatomic  ideal gas) L For N molecules, multiply by N Note KE = ½ m v 2  = 3/2 m v x 2 Using PV = NkT 〈〉  means  average . kT/2 energy per degree of freedom = equipartition theorem
Preflight 1 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],root-mean-square? correct
Example  ,[object Object],v = 510 m/s = 1150 mph!
Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Physics 101: Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory Lecture

  • 1.
  • 3. The Periodic Table Explained ? proton neutron electron Look carefully
  • 4. Energy vs Mass He (m=4.0026 u) O (M=15.9995 u) So energy is the same as mass somehow ?? 4 x He = 16.01 u Mass difference = 0.01 u = binding energy E = mc 2 (phys 102)
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17. Kinetic Theory: The relationship between energy and temperature (for monatomic ideal gas) L For N molecules, multiply by N Note KE = ½ m v 2 = 3/2 m v x 2 Using PV = NkT 〈〉 means average . kT/2 energy per degree of freedom = equipartition theorem
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.

Editor's Notes

  1. 1
  2. 1
  3. 1
  4. 1
  5. Change this to the pressure change with temperature, but give the temperature in C.