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Faraday’s Law Physics 102:  Lecture 10 Changing Magnetic Fields create Electric Fields
Last Two Lectures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Motional EMF ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],(Recall that e- actually move, opposite current) V F q + q I
Faraday’s Law of Induction: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
First a preliminary:  Magnetic Flux ,[object Object],Uniform magnetic field,  B , passes through a plane surface of area  A . Magnetic flux     =   B   A (Units Tm 2  = Wb) Magnetic flux        B   A  cos(  )    is angle between  normal  and  B B A B A  normal Note: The flux can be negative (if field lines go thru loop in opposite direction)
Preflight 10.7 ,[object Object],[object Object],a b n n B  A  = B A cos(0) = BA  B  = B A cos(90) = 0 “ more lines pass through its surface in that position.”
Faraday’s Law of Induction: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ACT: Change Area  1 v v 3 Which loop has the greatest induced EMF at the instant shown above? L W 2 v
Faraday: Change Area  V t=0  0 =BLW t  t =BL(W+vt) L W EMF Magnitude:    = B A cos(  ) Example What about the  sign  of the EMF? V W vt
Lenz’s Law (EMF direction) V ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],What happens if the velocity is  reversed ? V I B ind
Lenz’s Law (EMF direction) V ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Induced EMF  opposes change  in flux  V I B ind
Lenz’s Law  (EMF Direction) Induced emf  opposes change  in flux  EMF does NOT oppose B field, or flux! EMF opposes the  CHANGE  in flux ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Motional EMF circuit ,[object Object],[object Object],I =   /R ,[object Object],Clockwise ( +  charges go  down  thru bar,  up  thru bulb) F bar  = ILB sin(  ), t o left (RHR1) V F bar  opposes v! = vBL/R ,[object Object],F bar  = force on bar from induced current F q  = force on + charges in bar  driving  induced current I F q + q F bar
Motional EMF circuit ,[object Object],x  x  x   x  x  x  x   x  x  x  x   x  x  x  x   x  x  x  x  x   x  x  x  x   x  x  x  x   x  x  x  x   x  x  x  x  x   x  x  x  x   x  x  x  x   x  x  x  x   x  x  x  x  x   x  x  x  x   x  x  x  x   x  x  x  x   x  x  x  x  x   x  x  x  x   x  x  x  x   x  x  x  x   x  x  I =   /R  = vBL/R Still   to left, opposite v What happens if field is  reversed ? (TRY IT AT HOME) V ,[object Object],[object Object],Counter-Clockwise ( +  charges go  up  thru bar,  down  thru bulb) F always opposes v, bar slows down Must apply external force to keep bar moving
Preflight 10.4 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],To keep the bar moving at the same speed, the force supplied by the hand will have to: F=ILB sin(  )
Preflight 10.5 ,[object Object],[object Object],To keep the bar moving to the right, the hand will have to supply a force in the opposite direction.
Faraday’s Law of Induction: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],
ACT: Induction cannon (Demo) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A solenoid is driven by an increasing current. A loop of wire is placed around it B sol
Induction cannon (Demo) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A solenoid is driven by an increasing current. A loop of wire is placed around it ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ACT: Change B (Demo) Demo 371
ACT: Change B II (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],N S
Magnetic Flux Examples A conducting loop is inside a solenoid (B=  o nI).  What happens to the flux through the loop when you… Increase area of solenoid? Increase area of loop? Increase current in solenoid? Rotate loop slightly? Nothing Increases        B   A  cos(  ) Increases Decreases Example
Magnetic Flux II Increase area of solenoid Increase area of loop Increase current in solenoid Increases Nothing Increases A solenoid (B=  o nI) is inside a conducting loop.  What happens to the flux through the loop when you…       B   A  cos(  ) Example
Faraday’s and Lenz’s Law ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],  Next lecture Lenz: Induced emf  opposes change  in flux

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Lect10 handout

  • 1. Faraday’s Law Physics 102: Lecture 10 Changing Magnetic Fields create Electric Fields
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8. ACT: Change Area 1 v v 3 Which loop has the greatest induced EMF at the instant shown above? L W 2 v
  • 9. Faraday: Change Area V t=0  0 =BLW t  t =BL(W+vt) L W EMF Magnitude:  = B A cos(  ) Example What about the sign of the EMF? V W vt
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22. Magnetic Flux Examples A conducting loop is inside a solenoid (B=  o nI). What happens to the flux through the loop when you… Increase area of solenoid? Increase area of loop? Increase current in solenoid? Rotate loop slightly? Nothing Increases   B A cos(  ) Increases Decreases Example
  • 23. Magnetic Flux II Increase area of solenoid Increase area of loop Increase current in solenoid Increases Nothing Increases A solenoid (B=  o nI) is inside a conducting loop. What happens to the flux through the loop when you…   B A cos(  ) Example
  • 24.

Editor's Notes

  1. 1
  2. Demo 371: Helmholz coil and bar magnet
  3. Demo 371: Helmholz coil and bar magnet
  4. Demo 193: copper pipe and cow magnet. Current induced in pipe opposes movement of magnet.
  5. Demo: Helmholtz coil and bar magnet
  6. Demo 371: Helmholz coil and bar magnet
  7. Demo: EM cannon; soleoid S-N N-S loop…they repel each other
  8. Demo: EM cannon; soleoid S-N N-S loop…they repel each other
  9. Demo: Helmholtz coil and bar magnet Demo: copper pipe and cow magnet
  10. Demo 371: Helmholz coil and bar magnet