1. ÇÒÃÊÒÃÊÁعä¾Ã »Õ·Õè 11(1) ÁÔ.Â. 2547 21
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Áҵðҹ¢Í§ÊÁعä¾Ãã¹µÓÃÒÁҵðҹÂÒÊÁعä¾Ãä·Â
¹Ñ¹·¹Ò ÊÔ·¸ÔªÑÂ
ÊӹѡÂÒáÅÐÇѵ¶ØàʾµÔ´
µÓÃÒÁҵðҹÂÒÊÁعä¾Ãä·Â ä´é¨Ñ´·Ó¢Öé¹à¾×èÍÊè§àÊÃÔÁÈÑ¡ÂÀҾ㹡ÒüÅÔµ áÅСÒÃãªéÊÁعä¾Ãã¹
ÂÒÊÓàÃç¨ÃÙ»·Ñé§á¼¹»Ñ¨¨ØºÑ¹áÅÐá¼¹âºÃÒ³ ÂÒÊÁعä¾ÃºÒ§ª¹Ô´ÁÕÃÒ¤Òᾧ ¢Ò´á¤Å¹ áÅФسÀÒ¾äÁè´Õ¾Í
ÁÕ¡ÒûÅÍÁ»¹ ¡ÒâҴ¢éÍÁÙÅ·Ò§ÇÔ·ÂÒÈÒʵÃìáÅÐäÁèÁÕÁҵðҹ㹡ÒäǺ¤ØÁ¤Ø³ÀÒ¾ÊÁعä¾Ã ·ÓãËé
ÂÒÊÁعä¾Ã·Õèãªé㹡ÒÃá¾·ÂìáÅÐàÀÊѪ¡ÃÃÁá¼¹âºÃÒ³ ÂѧäÁèà»ç¹·ÕèÂÍÁÃѺ㹡ÒúӺѴâä ·Ñ駷ÕèÂÒºÒ§
¢¹Ò¹ÁÕÃÒ¤Ò¶Ù¡áÅÐÊÃþ¤Ø³àª×èͶ×Íä´é ¡ÒÃÊÃéÒ§Áҵðҹ¢Í§ÊÁعä¾ÃÃͧÃѺ ·ÓãËé¼ÙéºÃÔâÀ¤ÁÑè¹ã¨ã¹
¼ÅÔµÀѳ±ìÊÁعä¾ÃÁÒ¡¢Öé¹ ã¹º·¤ÇÒÁ¹Õé¨Ð¡ÅèÒǶ֧¢éÍ¡Ó˹´·Õè¨Óà»ç¹ã¹¡ÒäǺ¤ØÁ¤Ø³ÀÒ¾ÊÁعä¾Ã
ÅѡɳТͧmonograph¢Í§ÊÁعä¾Ã
ã¹áµèÅÐ monograph ¢Í§áµèÅеÑÇÂÒ »ÃСͺ´éÇ¢éÍ¡Ó˹´·Õè¶×ÍÇèÒà»ç¹¢éͺѧ¤Ñº (requirements)
áÅТéÍ¡Ó˹´·Õèà»ç¹¢éÍÁÙÅ·ÑèÇä» (information) ã¹ÀÒ¤¢éÍÊѧࡵ·ÑèÇä» (General Notices) ¨ÐÃкØÇèÒËÑÇ¢éÍã´
ºéÒ§·ÕèäÁè¶×ÍÇèÒà»ç¹¢éͺѧ¤Ñº ËÑÇ¢éʹѧ¡ÅèÒÇ ä´éá¡è Description, Solubility, Constituents, Packaging and
storage, Contra-indication, Warning, Precaution áÅÐ Additional information ÍÂèÒ§äáçµÒÁÅѡɳзҧ
¨ØÅ·ÃÃȹì (microscopical) áÅÐÁË·ÃÃȹì (macroscopical) ¨Ð¹ÓÁÒà»ç¹Êèǹ»ÃСͺ㹡ÒõÃǨ
àÍ¡Åѡɳì¾×ªÊÁعä¾Ã´éÇ£
â¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§ monograph »ÃСͺ´éÇ¢éÍ¡Ó˹´·Õè¨Óà»ç¹ ´Ñ§µÒÃÒ§·Õè 1
µÒÃÒ§·Õè 1 Êèǹ»ÃСͺ㹠monograph
Nomenclature Test
Definition - Foreign matter
Description - Loss on drying or Water
- morphology of plants - Ash, etc.
- organoleptic characters Assay
- macroscopical characters Test for contaminants
- microscopical characters - Microbial limit
Packaging and storage - Pesticide residues
Identification Category and Dose
- chemical tests
- chromatographic examination

2. Thai Journal of Phytopharmacy Vol. 11(1) Jun. 200422
ÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕ´¢Í§¢éÍ¡Ó˹´ã¹monograph
Nomenclature
áºè§ÂèÍÂÍÍ¡à»ç¹ Main title ãªéª×èÍä·ÂáÅÐ
ǧàÅ纤ÓÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡ÄÉ·Õè¶Í´¨Ò¡ª×èÍä·Â â´ÂÂÖ´¶×Í
¡¯¢Í§ÃÒªºÑ³±ÔµÂʶҹ㹡Òöʹ¤Ó´Ñ§¡ÅèÒÇ ¶éÒ
¤Ó¹Ñé¹ÁÕËÅÒ¾ÂÒ§¤ìáÅÐÍÒ¨ÁջѭËÒ㹡ÒÃÍÍ¡
àÊÕ§¨Ðãªéà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒÂhyphen¤Ñè¹ÃÐËÇèÒ§¾ÂÒ§¤ì¹Ñé¹
àªè¹ ´Õ»ÅÕ (DEE-PLEE) ¶éÒ¤Ó¹Ñé¹ÁÕËÅÒ¾ÂÒ§¤ì
áµèºÒ§¾ÂÒ§¤ìÁÕ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂã¹µÑÇàͧ 㹡óչÕé¨Ð
à¢Õ¹á¡áµèÅФÓÂèÍ´ѧ¡ÅèÒÇ àªè¹ ËÁҡʧ
(MAAG SOENG)
Latintitle à»ç¹ª×èÍÃͧ¨Ò¡ main title ÁÑ¡¨Ð
à»ç¹ª×èÍ·Õèä´éÁÒ¨Ò¡ª×è;ġÉÈÒʵÃì¢Í§¾×ªà»ç¹ÃÙ»
genitive áÅеÒÁ´éÇÂÊèǹ·Õè¹Óä»ãªé»ÃÐ⪹ì (part
used) àªè¹ Piperis Nigri Fructus ¶éÒÁÕª×èÍÅеԹ
ËÅÒª×èÍãËéà¢Õ¹â´ÂàÃÕ§ÅӴѺµÑÇÍÑ¡ÉÃáÅФÑè¹
áµèÅФÓâ´Âãªéà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒ semicolon
English title ª×èÍÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡ÄɨÐà»ç¹ª×èÍ·Õè
ãªéã¹à¹×éÍËÒ monograph ¢Í§µÑÇÂÒ English title à»ç¹
ª×èÍ·Õèá»Å¨Ò¡ Latin title áÅÐ㹺ҧ¡Ã³Õ¨Ðãªéª×èÍ
common English name à»ç¹ English title àªè¹
Turmeric (¢ÁÔ鹪ѹ), Emblic Myrobalan (ÁТÒÁ
»éÍÁ)
Synonym ª×è;éͧ¢Í§µÑÇÂÒ·Ñé§ÀÒÉÒä·Â
áÅÐÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡ÄɨÐÃкØäÇé (¶éÒÁÕ) â´Â¶éÒà»ç¹ª×èÍ
ä·Â ¨Ð¶Í´¤Óà»ç¹ÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡ÄÉ â´ÂãªéËÅÑ¡¡ÒÃ
à´ÕÂǡѺ main title
Definition
à»ç¹ÊèǹÊӤѭ¢Í§ monograph à»ç¹¡ÒÃãËé
¤Ó¨Ó¡Ñ´¤ÇÒÁÇèÒµÑÇÂÒ¹ÕéËÁÒ¶֧ÍÐäà ÊÓËÃѺ
ÊÁعä¾Ã¨ÐÃкØÊèǹËÃ×ÍÍÇÑÂÇзÕèãªé»ÃÐ⪹ì¢Í§
¾×ªËÃ×ÍÊѵÇì·Õè¹ÓÁÒãªé ÃÇÁ·Ñ駪×èÍÇÔ·ÂÒÈÒʵÃì¢Í§
¾×ªËÃ×ÍÊѵÇì¹Ñé¹ ã¹¡Ã³Õ·Õè»ç¹¾×ª ¨ÐÃкØǧÈì (family)
äÇé´éÇ ¶éÒµÑÇÂÒ¹Ñé¹ÁÕÊÒÃÊӤѭ (active ingredients)
·ÕèÊÒÁÒöÇÔà¤ÃÒÐËì»ÃÔÁÒ³ä´é ¨ÐÁÕ¡ÒÃÃкØÅÔÁÔµ
(limit) ¢Í§»ÃÔÁÒ³ÊÒÃÊӤѭã¹ËÑÇ¢é͹Õé´éÇÂ
㹡ÒÃÃкت×èÍÇÔ·ÂÒÈÒʵÃì¹Ñé¹ ¨Ðà¢Õ¹ª×èÍ
àµçÁ¢Í§¼ÙéµÑ駪×èÍ (author) ¡àÇ鹪×èÍ Linnaeus à·èÒ¹Ñé¹
¨Ö§¨ÐÂèÍà»ç¹ L. áµè¶éÒ¡ÅèÒǶ֧ª×èÍà´ÔÁã¹ ¤ÃÒǵèÍä»
¨Ðãªéª×èÍÂèͧ͢¼ÙéµÑ駪×èÍä´é ª×è;éͧ¢Í§ª×èÍÇÔ·ÂÒ-
ÈÒʵÃì¨ÐÃкØäÇéã¹Ç§àÅ纵èͨҡª×èÍÇÔ·ÂÒÈÒʵÃì
áÅÐá¨é§ËÁÒÂàÅ¢ herbarium specimen ·Õèà¡çºäÇé·Õè
¡ÃÁÇÔ·ÂÒÈÒʵÃì¡ÒÃá¾·Âì (DMSc) ËÃ×ÍËÁÒÂàÅ¢
¢Í§Ë;ÃóäÁé ¡ÃÁ»èÒäÁé (BKF) ¾Ô¾Ô¸Àѳ±ì
¾×ª¡Ãا෾ ¡ÃÁÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃà¡ÉµÃ (BK) Êǹ¾Ä¡É-
ÈÒʵÃìÊÁà´ç¨¾Ãйҧà¨éÒÊÔÃÔ¡ÔµÔì (QBG) áÅÐÃкØ
ËÁÒÂàÅ¢ crude drug äÇé´éÇ ·Ñ駹Õéà¾×èÍ¡ÒõÃǨ
¾ÔÊÙ¨¹ìª¹Ô´¢Í§µÑÇÍÂèÒ§ÊÁعä¾Ã
Constituents
à¾×èÍà»ç¹¢éÍÁÙÅÊÓËÃѺ¼ÙéãªéµÓÃÒÂÒ ä´é·ÃÒº
¶Ö§Êèǹ»ÃСͺÊӤѭ¢Í§µÑÇÂÒÊÁعä¾Ãä·Â
àËÅèÒ¹Ñé¹ ã¹ËÑÇ¢é͹Õé¨ÐºÍ¡à©¾ÒÐÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕ´¢Í§
Êèǹ»ÃСͺàËÅèÒ¹Ñé¹ â´Â¨ÐäÁèàá¨é§»ÃÔÁÒ³¢Í§ÊÒÃ
´Ñ§¡ÅèÒÇ à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡ÍÒ¨·ÓãËéÊѺʹáÅÐà¢éÒ¼Ô´ä´é
ÇèÒà»ç¹ÅÔÁÔµ¢Í§ÊÒÃÊӤѭ ¢éÍÁÙÅã¹ Constituents ¨Ö§
ÁÔãªèà»ç¹¢éͺѧ¤Ñº (requirements) ¢Í§ monograph
Description
ÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕ´ã¹ËÑÇ¢é͹Õéà»ç¹¡ÒúÃÃÂÒÂ
¶Ö§ÅѡɳÐ੾Òзҧ¡ÒÂÀÒ¾¢Í§µÑÇÂÒÊÁعä¾Ã
à¾×èÍ»ÃСͺ¡ÒõÃǨàÍ¡Åѡɳì¢Í§ÊÁعä¾Ã¹Ñé¹æ
ÍÒ¨áºè§ÅѡɳÐÊӤѭ¢Í§ËÑÇ¢é͹Õéà»ç¹´Ñ§¹Õé
Morphology of plants à¾×èÍÍӹǤÇÒÁ
ÊдǡãËé¹Ñ¡ÇÔà¤ÃÒÐËì㹡ÒõÃǨÅѡɳзҧ
¾Ä¡ÉÈÒʵÃì¢Í§µÑÇÍÂèÒ§ÂÒÊÁعä¾Ã â´ÂÃкØ
Êѳ°Ò¹ÇÔ·ÂÒ (morphology) ¢Í§¾×ª·Õèà»ç¹áËÅè§
¡Óà¹Ô´¢Í§ÊÁعä¾Ã¹Ñé¹æ ÀÒÂãµéËÑÇ¢éÍ ‘Description
of the plant’ â´ÂºÍ¡ª¹Ô´¢Í§¾ÃóäÁéÇèÒà»ç¹äÁé

3. ÇÒÃÊÒÃÊÁعä¾Ã »Õ·Õè 11(1) ÁÔ.Â. 2547 23
»ÃÐàÀ·ÅéÁÅØ¡ËÃ×ÍÂ×¹µé¹ ¤ÇÒÁÊÙ§¢Í§ÅÓµé¹
ÅѡɳТͧ㺠´Í¡áÅмŠÃÇÁ·Ñé§àÁÅç´ÍÂèÒ§
ÅÐàÍÕ´
Organoleptic characters à»ç¹¡ÒúÃÃÂÒÂ
¶Ö§¡ÅÔè¹áÅÐÊբͧÂÒÊÁعä¾ÃÃÇÁ¶Ö§ÃÊªÒµÔ ¶éÒá¹èã¨
ÇèÒÂÒ¹Ñé¹äÁèà»ç¹ÍѹµÃÒÂàÁ×èÍ·´ÅͧªÔÁ ¢éÍÁÙÅàËÅèÒ¹Õé
¨ÐÍÂÙèÀÒÂãµéËÑÇ¢éÍ ‘Description’
Macroscopicalcharacters ËÑÇ¢éÍ ‘Macro-
scopical’ ÍÂÙèÀÒÂãµéËÑÇ¢éÍ Description à»ç¹¡ÒÃ
ºÃÃÂÒÂÅѡɳÐÁË·ÃÃȹì (·ÕèàËç¹ä´é´éǵÒËÃ×Í
áÇè¹¢ÂÒÂ) â´ÂÅÐàÍÕ´¢Í§ÂÒÊÁعä¾Ã੾ÒÐÊèǹ·Õè
¹ÓÁÒãªé»ÃÐ⪹ì (part used) àªè¹ 㺠ÃÒ¡ ËÃ×Í
ÅÓµé¹ µÒÁ·ÕèÃкØäÇéã¹ËÑÇ¢éÍ definition
Microscopical characters ËÑÇ¢éÍ ‘Micro-
scopical’ à»ç¹ÅӴѺ¶Ñ´ÁÒ¨Ò¡ Macroscopical
ÀÒÂãµéËÑÇ¢éÍ Description àªè¹¡Ñ¹ à»ç¹¡ÒúÃÃÂÒÂ
ÁÔ­ªÇÔ·ÂÒ (histology) â´ÂÅÐàÍÕ´¢Í§ÂÒÊÁعä¾Ã
¨Ò¡Êèǹ transverse section áÅÐ/ËÃ×Í longitudinal
section ÃÇÁ¶Ö§¡ÒúÃÃÂÒÂÊÑ­°Ò¹ÇÔ·ÂҢͧà¹×éÍ
àÂ×èÍ´éÇÂÅѡɳзÕèÊѧࡵ¨Ò¡¡Åéͧ¨ØÅ·ÃÃÈ¹ì ¤ÇÃ
¨ÐºÑ¹·Ö¡äÇéâ´ÂÅÐàÍÕ´ à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡¢éÍÁÙŨҡËÑÇ¢é͹Õé
¨Ð¹Óä»»ÃСͺ¡Ñº¼Å¢Í§¡Ò÷´Êͺã¹ËÑÇ¢éÍ
Identification «Ö觨СÅèÒǶ֧µèÍä»
Identification
¡ÒõÃǨàÍ¡Åѡɳì·Õè¶Ù¡µéͧ¨ÐÊÑÁ¾Ñ¹¸ì
¡Ñº¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑ¢ͧÂÒÊÁعä¾Ã 㹡ÒõÃǨ
àÍ¡ÅÑ¡É³ì ¨Ðãªé¡ÒõÃǨ·Ò§àÀÊѪàÇ· (macrosco-
pical áÅÐ microscopical) »ÃСͺ¡Ñº¡ÒõÃǨ´éÇÂ
ç¤àÅ¢¼ÔǺҧ (thin-layer chromatography)
ËÃ×Í»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒà¤ÁÕ ã¹¡ÒõÃǨàÍ¡ÅѡɳìÊÁعä¾Ã
·Õèà»ç¹¾×ª¨ÐãËé¤ÇÒÁÊӤѭ¡Ñº¼Å¡ÒõÃǨ·Ò§
àÀÊѪàÇ·ÁÒ¡¡ÇèҼšÒõÃǨ·Ò§à¤ÁÕ ÇÔ¸ÕµÃǨ
àÍ¡Åѡɳìã¹µÓÃÒÂÒáºè§ÍÍ¡à»ç¹ 2 ÇÔ¸Õ
ÇÔ¸ÕµÃǨ·Ò§à¤ÁÕ â´ÂÍÒÈÑ»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒà¤ÁÕ·Õè
à¡Ô´¢Öé¹ÃÐËÇèÒ§ÊÒûÃСͺã¹ÂÒÊÁعä¾Ã¹Ñ鹡ѺÊÒÃ
à¤ÁÕ·ÕèàµÔÁÅ§ä» »¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ÍÒ¨¨Ð·ÓãËéà¡Ô´
µÐ¡Í¹ËÃ×Íà¡Ô´ÊÕ ÇÔ¸ÕµÃǨ·Ò§à¤ÁÕ·Õè¡Ó˹´äÇé¤ÇèÐ
ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ੾ÒÐà¨ÒШ§ (specific) áµèã¹¢³Ðà´ÕÂǡѹ
äÁèäǨ¹à¡Ô¹ä»à¾×èÍËÅÕ¡àÅÕ觻¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒÅǧ (false
reactions) àªè¹ ¡Ò÷´Êͺ anthraquinones ã¹
ªØÁàËç´à·È â´ÂÍÒÈÑ»¯Ô¡ÔÃÔÂÒ Bornträger ÊÅÒ O-
glycosides ã¹µÑÇÂÒ´éÇ¡ô¨Ò¡¹Ñé¹Ê¡Ñ´ anthraqui-
nones ´éÇ ether «Öè§àÁ×èÍà¢ÂèÒÊÒÃÅÐÅÒ ether ¡Ñº
ÊÒÃÅÐÅÒÂáÍÁâÁà¹ÕÂà¨×ͨҧ¨Ðä´éÊÕᴧ㹪Ñ鹢ͧ
áÍÁâÁà¹ÕÂ
ÇÔ¸ÕµÃǨâ´Âç¤àÅ¢¼ÔǺҧà»ç¹ÇÔ¸Õ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ
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ÊèǹãË­èÂѧÁÔä´éÁÕ¡ÒÃÇÔà¤ÃÒÐËìÊÙµÃâ¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§áÅÐ
㹺ҧ¤ÃÑé§äÁèÊÒÁÒö¾ÔÊÙ¨¹ìä´éÇèÒÊÒùÑé¹à»ç¹µÑÇã´
´Ñ§¹Ñ鹡ÒÃà»ÃÕºà·ÕºÅѡɳТͧâ¤ÃÁÒâµá¡ÃÁ
ÃÐËÇèÒ§µÑÇÂÒÁҵðҹ (authentic specimen) ¡Ñº
µÑÇÍÂèÒ§·ÕèʧÊÑ â´ÂÊѧࡵÃٻẺ¢Í§â¤ÃÁÒâµ-
á¡ÃÁ µÅÍ´¨¹µÓá˹è§áÅÐÊբͧáµèÅШشËÃ×Í
ᶺ·Õè»ÃÒ¡¯¨ÐªèÇÂÂ×¹ÂѹàÍ¡Åѡɳì¢Í§µÑÇÍÂèÒ§·Õè
ʧÊÑÂä´é 㹡óշÕè·ÃÒºÇèÒÊÒÃÊӤѭã¹ÊÁعä¾Ãà»ç¹
ÊÒûÃСͺµÑÇ㴨СÓ˹´ãËéãªéÊÒùÑé¹à»ç¹ÊÒÃ
Áҵðҹ ÍÂèÒ§äáçµÒÁ¡ÒÃàÅ×Í¡ãªéÊÒÃÁҵðҹ
㹡ÒõÃǨàÍ¡Åѡɳì â´ÂÇÔ¸Õ¹ÕéÊÔ觷Õèµéͧ¤Ó¹Ö§¶Ö§ ¤×Í
ÊÒÃÁҵðҹ¹Ñé¹µéͧÁÕ¨Ó˹èÒÂã¹·éͧµÅÒ´áÅÐ
ÃÒ¤Ò äÁèᾧ¨¹à¡Ô¹ä» 㹡óշÕèäÁèÁÕÊÒÃÁҵðҹ·Õè
àËÁÒÐÊÁ ÍÒ¨ãªéÊÒÃÍ×è¹·ÕèÁÔãªèà»ç¹Êèǹ»ÃСͺã¹ÂÒ
ÊÁعä¾Ã¹Ñé¹áµèÁÕ¤èÒ Rf
value ã¡Åéà¤Õ§¡Ñ¹¡ÑºÊÒÃ
ÊӤѭ㹵ÑÇÂÒà»ç¹ÊÒÃà»ÃÕºà·Õº (marker) á·¹
àªè¹ 㹡ÒõÃǨ¡ÃÐà·ÕÂÁãªé L-methionine à»ç¹
ÊÒÃà»ÃÕºà·ÕºáÅСÓ˹´¤èÒ relative Rf value
(RRf ) á·¹
¡ÒõÃǨËҨشËÃ×Íᶺ·Õèä´éËÅѧ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃ
develop â´Â·ÑèÇ仨ÐÊèͧ´éÇÂáʧ ultraviolet ªèǧ

4. Thai Journal of Phytopharmacy Vol. 11(1) Jun. 200424
¤Å×è¹ÊÑé¹ (254 mm) ËÃ×ͪèǧ¤Å×è¹ÂÒÇ (366 mm)
¨Ò¡¹Ñ鹨йÓ仾蹴éÇÂÊÒÃà¤ÁÕËÃ×ÍÍѧ´éÇÂäÍâÍ´Õ¹
ËÃ×ÍáÍÁâÁà¹Õ ·Ñ駹Õé¢Öé¹ÍÂÙè¡ÑºÊÒûÃСͺã¹ÂÒ
ÊÁعä¾Ã·Õèµéͧ¡ÒèеÃǨ àªè¹ ¡ÒõÃǨÊÒÃ
»ÃСͺ triterpenoid 㹺ÑǺ¡ àÁ×è;蹴éÇÂÊÒÃ
ÅÐÅÒ anisaldehyde ¨Ðà»ç¹¨Ø´ÊÕÁèǧ 㹺ҧ¤ÃÑ駨Ð
µÃǨËÒÊÒúҧª¹Ô´ã¹ÊÁعä¾Ã¹Ñé¹ä´éâ´Â¡ÒÃÊèͧ
´éÇÂáʧ ultraviolet 㹪èǧ¤Å×è¹ÂÒÇËÅѧ¨Ò¡¾è¹´éÇÂ
ÊÒÃà¤ÁÕºÒ§»ÃÐàÀ· àªè¹ ÊÒÃÅÐÅÒ aluminium
chloride 㹡ÒõÃǨÊÒûÃСͺ phenols
㹡ÒÃàÅ×Í¡ãªé spraying reagent áÅеÑÇ
·ÓÅÐÅÒ ¤ÇÃËÅÕ¡àÅÕ觡ÒÃãªéÊÒ÷ÕèÁÕ¾ÔÉ àªè¹
ÊÒáèÍÁÐàÃç§ (carcinogens) à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡¹Ñ¡ÇÔà¤ÃÒÐËìÁÕ
âÍ¡ÒÊ·Õè¨ÐÊÑÁ¼ÑÊËÃ×ÍÊÙ´´ÁäÍÃÐàË¢ͧµÑÇ·Ó
ÅÐÅÒÂàËÅèÒ¹Ñé¹ã¹ÃÐËÇèÒ§¡Ò÷´Êͺ »ÃСͺ¡Ñº
»ÃÔÁҵâͧµÑÇ·ÓÅÐÅÒ·ÕèãªéÁÒ¡¡ÇèÒ¡Ò÷´Êͺ
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µÑÇ·ÓÅÐÅÒÂàËÅèÒ¹Ñé¹
Tests for Vegetable Drugs
¶Ö§áÁéÇèÒÊÁعä¾Ã¨Ðà»ç¹ÂÒ·ÕèÁÕáËÅ觡Óà¹Ô´
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6. Thai Journal of Phytopharmacy Vol. 11(1) Jun. 200426
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7. ÇÒÃÊÒÃÊÁعä¾Ã »Õ·Õè 11(1) ÁÔ.Â. 2547 27
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8. Thai Journal of Phytopharmacy Vol. 11(1) Jun. 200428
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9. ÇÒÃÊÒÃÊÁعä¾Ã »Õ·Õè 11(1) ÁÔ.Â. 2547 29
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㹡ÅØèÁ chlorinated hydrocarbons àªè¹ aldrin,
lindane áÅÐÊÒÃ㹡ÅØèÁorganophosphorus àªè¹
carbophenothion ¤èÒÅÔÁÔµ¢Í§ÊÒæèÒÈѵÃپתáÅÐ
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¤èÒ 100 à»ç¹¡ÒûÃÐàÁÔ¹ÇèÒäÁèà¡Ô¹ÃéÍÂÅÐ 1 ¢Í§ÊÔè§
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pyrethroid ÍÍ¡¨Ò¡¡Ñ¹ ¢éͤÇÃÃÐÇѧ㹡Ò÷ÓãËé
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»ÃÔÁÒ³ãªéà·¤¹Ô¤ gas chromatography áÅÐà»ÃÕº
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(3) áÅФӹdz»ÃÔÁÒ³¢Í§ÊÒæèÒáÁŧä´é¨Ò¡¾×é¹·Õè
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Microbial contamination â´Â¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ
¢Í§¾×ª·ÕèÁÕªÕÇÔµ ¨ÐÁÕ¨ØÅÔ¹·ÃÕÂìÍÒÈÑÂÍÂÙè¨Ó¹Ç¹Ë¹Öè§
¨ØÅÔ¹·ÃÕÂìàËÅèÒ¹Õé ä´éá¡è lactic acid bacteria (Leu-
conostoc, Lactobacillus), gram-negative rod-
shaped bacteria (Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas)
áÅÐÃÒ (mould) ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹ÕéáÅéÇÂѧ¾º¨ØÅÔ¹·ÃÕÂì·Õè·ÓãËé

10. Thai Journal of Phytopharmacy Vol. 11(1) Jun. 200430
Enterobacteriaceae ÃÇÁ¶Ö§¾Ç¡ coliform
bacteria ¨Ð¾ºµÒÁ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ㹾תËÅÒª¹Ô´ ¡ÒÃ
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa à»ç¹áº¤·ÕàÃÕÂ
µÒÁ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ¢Í§¾×ªËÅÒª¹Ô´ â´Â»¡µÔàÁ×èÍä´éÃѺ
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Yeasts and moulds ÂÕʵìäÁèà»ç¹ÍѹµÃÒÂ
µèÍÁ¹ØÉÂì áµè moulds ·Õè¼ÅÔµ mycotoxin ä´é¨Ð·Ó
ãËéà¡Ô´ÍѹµÃÒ »ÃÔÁÒ³¢Í§ÂÕʵìáÅÐ moulds ·Õè
»¹à»×é͹ã¹ÂÒâ´Âà©ÅÕè¨ÐÍÂÙè㹪èǧ 103
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µèÍ¡ÃÑÁ
Spore-formingbacteriaâÍ¡ÒÊ·ÕèÂÒÊÁعä¾Ã
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à»ç¹ÊèǹãË­è Clostridiumperfringens à»ç¹ÍѹµÃÒÂ
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ÃèǧáÅÐÍÒà¨Õ¹ Ê»ÍÃì¢Í§ C. botulinum ·Õ辺ã¹ÂÒ
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moulds áÅÐ spore-forming bacteria ã¹´Ô¹ä´éÁÒ¡
¡ÇèÒÊèǹÍ×è¹æ ¢Í§¾×ª ã¹¢³Ðà´ÕÂǡѹÂÒÊÁعä¾Ã·Õè
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à¡Ô´âä àªè¹ Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudo-
monas aeruginosa, ÃÒª¹Ô´·Õè¼ÅÔµ mycotoxin,
lactose-positive Enterobacteriaceae (Klebsiella,
Enterobacter, etc.) áÅÐ lactose-negative Entero-
bacteriaceae (Serratia, etc.) «Ö觨ØÅÔ¹·ÃÕÂì´Ñ§¡ÅèÒÇ
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àµÃÕÂÁ¨Ò¡¾×ª¤ÇûÃÒȨҡàª×éÍẤ·ÕàÃÕª¹Ô´¹Õé
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Staphylococcus aureus à»ç¹µé¹à˵آͧ
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colony forming units (CFU) µèÍ¡ÃÑÁ) ¨ÐäÁè·Ó
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11. ÇÒÃÊÒÃÊÁعä¾Ã »Õ·Õè 11(1) ÁÔ.Â. 2547 31
ãËéÁÕä´éäÁè¤ÇÃà¡Ô¹ 4Êèǹã¹ÅéÒ¹ÊèǹÊÓËÃѺArsenic,
0.3 Êèǹã¹ÅéÒ¹Êèǹ ÊÓËÃѺ Cadmium áÅÐ 10 Êèǹ
ã¹ÅéÒ¹Êèǹ ÊÓËÃѺ Lead
PackagingandStorage
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ÅЪ¹Ô´ ÊèǹãË­è¨ÐÃкØãËéãªéÀÒª¹Ð»Ô´Ê¹Ô· (well-
closed container) à·èÒ¹Ñé¹ à¾×èÍãËé»ÅÍ´¨Ò¡½Øè¹
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¤ÇÒÁª×é¹ä´é (tightly closed container) ÍÒ¨·ÓãËéÂÒ
¹Ñé¹¢Öé¹ÃÒä´é§èÒ¶éÒµÑÇÂÒäÁèáË駨ÃÔ§
µÒÃÒ§·Õè 2 ¢éͺѧ¤ÑºÊÓËÃѺ¡Òû¹à»×é͹¢Í§¨ØÅÔ¹·ÃÕÂìã¹ÂÒàµÃÕÂÁÊÁعä¾Ã (5)
* µÃǨ੾ÒÐàÁ×èÍÁÕÃÒ§ҹ¡ÒÃÃкҴ¢Í§âä anthrax
¤Ó͸ԺÒµÒÃÒ§ A = ÂÒàµÃÕÂÁÊÓËÃѺãªéÀÒÂã¹ (internal use) ·Õè¼èÒ¹¢ºÇ¹¡ÒÃÅ´¨Ó¹Ç¹¨ØÅÔ¹·ÃÕÂì
¡è͹¹Óä»ãªé àªè¹ ª§´éǹéÓà´×Í´ ; B = ÂÒàµÃÕÂÁÊÓËÃѺãªéÀÒ¹͡ (external use) ; C = ÂÒàµÃÕÂÁÊÓËÃѺãªé
ÀÒÂã¹ (internal use) ; ND = µÃǨäÁ辺 (not detectable)
Micro-organisms Limits (CFU/g or ml)
A/B C
Aerobic bacteria 5x107
5x105
Fungi 5x104
5x103
Enterobacteria and other gram-negative bacteria 5x104
5x103
Staphylococcus aureus  ND in 1 g or ml
Escherichia coli ← ND in 1 g or ml →
Salmonella spp. ← ND in 10 g or ml →
Bacillus anthracis* ← ND in 10 g or ml →
Pathogenic Clostridium spp. ← ND in 10 g or ml →
áµèÅÐ monograph áµèÊÓËÃѺÂÒàµÃÕÂÁ·Õè»Ãا¨Ò¡
ÊÁعä¾Ã¨Ðµéͧ¼èÒ¹¢éͺѧ¤ÑºµÒÁ·ÕèÃкØäÇéã¹ÀÒ¤
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à¢éÒÁҵðҹ ÅÔÁÔµÊÓËÃѺÂÒàµÃÕÂÁÊÁعä¾Ã´Ñ§
¡ÅèÒÇÊÃØ»µÒÁ»ÃÐàÀ·¢Í§ÂÒàµÃÕÂÁã¹µÒÃÒ§·Õè 2
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àªè¹ªÒËÃ×ÍÂÒàµÃÕÂÁ㹡ÅØèÁA¹Ñé¹ÂÍÁãËéÁÕaerobic
bacteria äÁèà¡Ô¹ 5x107
CFU µèÍ¡ÃÑÁ à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡
Ấ·ÕàÃÕÂã¹ÊÁعä¾Ã ¨Ð¶Ù¡·ÓÅÒ»ÃÐÁÒ³ÃéÍÂÅÐ
99àÁ×èͪ§´éǹéÓà´×Í´´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ÍسËÀÙÁÔ·Õèá·é¨Ãԧ㹡ÒÃ
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ª§áÅéÇ¡è͹¨ÐºÃÔâÀ¤ ¨ÐÁռŵèͤسÀÒ¾¢Í§ÂÒ
àµÃÕÂÁ¹Ñé¹ ¨Ö§¤Ç÷Õè¨ÐºÃÔâÀ¤·Ñ¹·ÕËÅѧ¨Ò¡ª§´éÇÂ
¹éÓà´×Í´ à¾×èÍËÅÕ¡àÅÕ觡ÒÃà¨ÃÔ­àµÔºâµ¢Í§¨ØÅÔ¹·ÃÕÂì
âÅËÐ˹ѡ µÓÃÒÁҵðҹÂÒÊÁعä¾Ãä·Â
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»¹·Ñé§âÅËÐ˹ѡáÅÐÊÒÃ˹٠(arsenic) â´ÂàÁ×èÍÁÕ¡ÒÃ
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12. Thai Journal of Phytopharmacy Vol. 11(1) Jun. 200432
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1. Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia 2000. Volume II
Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public
Health pp. 134-8, 141.
2. Thai Pharmacopoeia 1987. Volume I Part 1
Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public
Health pp.438-9.
3. àÍ¡ÊÒà Pesticide Residues ¢Í§¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃ
¨Ñ´·ÓµÓÃÒÂҢͧ»ÃÐà·Èä·Â ÃѺÃͧàÁ×èÍÇѹ·Õè 15
¸Ñ¹ÇÒ¤Á 2546.
4. Krämer J. Microbial Contamination in Vegetable
Drugs. Proceeding of the 3 rd International Con-
ference on Pharmacopoeias and Quality Control of
Drugs. Editrice Compositori-Bologna, 1993:270.
5. àÍ¡ÊÒà Limits for Microbial Contamination ¢Í§
¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒèѴ·ÓµÓÃÒÂҢͧ»ÃÐà·Èä·Â
ÃѺÃͧàÁ×èÍÇѹ·Õè 18 ÁÕ¹Ò¤Á 2546.
6. Stahl E and Keller K. Zur Klassifizierung Han-
delsÜblicher Kalmusdrogen. Planta Medica 1981;
43:128-40.