Renewable Energy

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ONYXSOLAR
RENEWABLE ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY
GREEN ECONOMY

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RENEWABLE ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY
Sustainable energy is the sustainable provision of energy that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
Technologies that promote sustainable energy include renewable energy sources, such as hydroelectricity, solar energy, wind energy, wave power, geothermal energy, artificial photosynthesis, and tidal
power, and also technologies designed to improve energy efficiency.
We are VAR System Integrator
SMART GRID

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9221.526.6.545.162.120
Echelon’s Smart Building Solution allows
building professionals to architect energy-
efficient buildings that can respond to real-
time grid events. From the Paris Louvre
museum and Beijing’s “Bird’s Nest” stadium
to quick service restaurants and public
schools, over 300,000 buildings around the
world rely on Echelon to keep occupants
comfortable, safe, and productive — while
reducing energy use and their carbon
footprint.
With more than 20 years of real-world experience in the buildings
industry, Echelon delivers benefits over the life of the building that
often extends well beyond the intent of the original design.
Echelon’s Smart Building Solution is a proven, open standard and
multi-application platform. The key benefits of the solution include:
Smart Control
Echelon’s energy control networking platform relies on the LonWorks® standard for
smart control networks. Smart control systems are used almost everywhere – in smart
cities, smart buildings, smart meters, smart grids – virtually everything that goes into
them and then some. Many of these systems reduce energy use as a primary
attribute, while many others use smart control to enable their core functionality – like
fire detection and suppression, access control systems, pitch control in helicopter
blades, asset and inventory control, and conveyor systems. With smart control you get
high reliability, lower maintenance costs, low cost installation, and superior
performance.
Echelon’s LonWorks based control networking technologies have been proven in 100
million devices, 300,000 buildings, and in electricity meters connecting 35 million
homes to the grid. The LonWorks open standard that underlies our technology is
accepted worldwide (ISO/IEC 14908-1), and it enables applications that turn diverse
products into systems that increase energy efficiency and make people safer, more
comfortable, or more productive.
LonWorks® Standards
Open Standard
LonWorks is an ISO/IEC standard consisting of the
following parts:
ISO/IEC 14908-1. Communication protocol
ISO/IEC 14908-2. Twisted-pair wire signaling technology
ISO/IEC 14908-3. Power line signaling technology
ISO/IEC 14908-4. IP compatibility (tunneling) technology
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SMART GRID

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Echelon’s smart building solution delivers a suite of tools and product offerings for
OEMs, building owners, specification writers, integrators, and energy management
application developers. The solution enables building professionals to integrate the
world’s leading devices, applications, and building automation standards (LonWorks
and BACnet), to architect energy-efficient buildings that are grid-aware and can
respond dynamically to emerging grid requirements.
Echelon Smart Transceivers (for OEMS)
Our free-topology twisted pair smart transceivers have been embedded in millions
building automation devices such as sensors, thermostats, motion detectors, air
handlers, and chillers. Cost effective with an ISO/IEC 14908 optimized 8-bit
application microprocessor and an ISO/IEC 14908.2 (free-topology twisted pair)
transceiver, our smart transceivers eliminate wiring errors, are extremely noise
immune, highly reliable, polarity insensitive and do not require either complex
network termination or expensive network cable shielding.
Echelon SmartServer Controller (for OEMs and System Integrators)
Echelon’s SmartServer building controller — a system manager and field controller
integral to any smart building installation. Echelon’s SmartServer provides the
functionality required for high-performance building networks and smart-energy
applications and can also serve as a standalone controller for smaller networks. The
Echelon SmartServer connects control networks to IP-based applications using
SOAP/XML Web services and other open protocols such as LonWorks, BACnet
(BACnet/IP) and Modbus (Modbus/IP). When serving as a BACnet/IP gateway,
Echelon’s SmartServer supports BACnet user interfaces for integrated management
of LonWorks networks.
By providing built-in apps for scheduling, trending, and alarming — and interfaces
to other equipment, like Modbus-based air-handlers and electricity meters that
provide pulse-count signals, Echelon’s SmartServer provides important functions to
facility management, enterprise resource planning, or service provider software.
Echelon’s OpenLNS Operating System (for Software Developers and System
Integrators)
Echelon’s OpenLNS network operating system, development and integration tools,
ensures openness. Building owners can change service providers as needed, and
leverage competitive bidding because all the necessary information about the
network is maintained in the building owner's OpenLNS database.
With a rich community of software developers at leading building automation
system (BAS) manufacturers, well over 300 plug-ins have been built to help
installers more easily commission, configure, monitor, control, diagnose or repair
any LonWorks devices. These applications can implement a wide range of policies
determined by the building professional to balance comfort and energy savings,
including how to respond to a request from the grid for energy reduction or a signal
from the grid with variable pricing.
The OpenLNS network operating system released January 2013 eliminates
commissioning fees, device credits, and royalties entirely and supports all ISO/IEC
14908-1, 14908-2, 14908-3, and 14908-4 compliant devices, routers, and
network interfaces. The OpenLNS Server accelerates the creation of powerful
OpenLNS based grid and enterprise apps for smart, grid-aware buildings.
Intelligence at the Edge
Energy control networking applications require intelligent decision making to deal with failure conditions and other anomalous
situations. The traditional approach to decision making is to concentrate all intelligence and decision making at a central control
center, and to view the distributed elements of the control network simply as dumb producers, consumers, and transporters of raw
data. However, in our view, distributing and pushing intelligence and decision making to the edge is required to transform a basic
communications network into a multi-application control network that is more reliable, scalable, and responsive to local conditions.
Power Line Communications (PLC)
Power line communications (PLC) is a critical energy control networking technology for Smart Grid, Smart Cities, and Smart
Buildings applications. PLC has many advantages over other wired and wireless communication methods. However, PLC technology
must overcome some significant technical challenges to be practical. Echelon’s experience and unique innovations allow us to offer
the world’s most proven, open standard, and multi-application PLC technology.
Echelon power line transceivers can be used in the CENELEC A-band and CENELEC C-band. The A-band is reserved by law in
CENELEC regulated countries for the exclusive use of utilities and their licensees. The C-band is available for consumer and
commercial use without restriction, but a common access protocol and co-existence protocol is mandated. When used in A-band
mode, Echelon's transceiver supports two channels within this band, one centered at 75 KHz and the other at 86KHz. WHen used in
C-band mode, Echelon's transceiver also supports two channels, one centered at 115KHz and the other centered at 132KHz. The
rationale for two channels is that if one is blocked, it is unlikely that the other is blocked by a harmonic of the power line impairment.
Advantages of PLC Technology
PLC is appealing because there is no need to run additional wires to powered devices. PLC can also work where radio frequency
(RF) cannot. For example smart meters in the basement of a building basement are unlikely to be able to use RF to communicate
with the neighborhood data concentrator. PLC communication on the other hand can traverse the power wires to reach the data
concentrator.
For these reasons most utilities around the world have chosen PLC for their smart grid projects, and most cities have chosen PLC
for their smart street light projects.
Smart Street Lighting
Public lighting accounts for an estimated 30% of city expenditures and a significant portion of greenhouse gas emissions. Replacing
high energy-consuming luminaries with high-efficiency ones improves the situation, but the greatest benefits are achieved with a
proven, open standard, multi-application control network, as these customer stories show.
SMART GRID

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Smart Buildings
Automated building-system suppliers and original equipment
manufacturers rely on Echelon's products and technology to provide
energy- and cost-savings for their customers. Here are few of their
stories.
Honeywell Enables Accurate Tenant Billing, Reduced Staffing Costs
Honeywell Delivers Safety and Savings to Italian Media Company
Johnson Controls Saves Energy, Establishes Benchmark for U.S. Army's
Fort Hood
Johnson Controls Modernizes Manhattan Landmark, Saves Energy,
Increases Tenant Satisfaction
Philips Lighting Slashs Customer Energy Costs by Up to 50%
When our control networking products are used to automate building
systems, results usually include reduced energy consumption and
maintenance costs and improved occupant safety and building comfort.
These stories describe only a few of the hundreds of successful building
automation installations that rely on our LonWorks®-based technologies.
Alcampo Grocery Chain Cuts Energy Costs 20%
The Balanced Office Building Cuts HVAC, Lighting Costs 80%
Geriatric Center Cuts Energy Use Over 50%
DaimlerChrysler European Headquarters Saves Energy, Speeds Opening
The Harker School's Students See Immediate Energy Savings
Ibbenbüren Hospital Meets Stringent Operating Room Requirements
National Resources Defense Council Wins Green Building Award
Parking Garage Lowers Maintenance Costs 30%, Energy Use 15%
School Uses Online Energy Data to Motivate Students to Conserve
Smart Grids-Cities-Buildings
We are VAR System Integrator
TYPICALEXCEL-5000CONFIGURATION
SMART GRID

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TYPICAL WEB SMART BUILDING CONTROL SYSTEM
TYPICAL LIGHT SMART BUILDING CONTROL SYSTEM
SMART GRIDS-CITIES-BUILDINGS
SMART GRID

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RENEWABLE ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY
RENEWABLE ENERGY OFFERS
PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS
WE STRUCTURE SMART SYSTEM GRID
AND INTEGRATE RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES WITH NATIONAL POWER SYSTEM SMART WAY.
At Onyx Solar we develop building integrated photovoltaic
materials which are used for the replacement of conventional
construction materials from different parts of the building’s exterior
such as roofs, skylights, windows or façades.
At Onyx Solar we are committed to the study and start-up of
energy eficient measures and sustainable technologies which
will allow us to retroit existing buildings and to design new
eco- friendly projects. Our philosophy consists of developing
unique and elegant solutions for architectural integration, by
combining both thermal optimization and photovoltaic
generation.
Our Building Integrated Photovoltaics –BIPV- systems can turn the
roof, the windows or the curtain wall of a building into a complete,
multifunctional, high-performing, solar-energy power plant. Onyx
Solar counts on the most extensive and innovative approach to
design and implement BIPV applications.

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Electricity production,Energy savings due to insulation properties (up to 40%)
UV and IR filtration
No limits of color or semi transperancy
Colored Semi-Transparent Photovoltaic Glass.We have patented a wide range of colorful semitransparent photovoltaic glass, now
available to be integrated as an artistic colored PV skylight, curtain wall, balcony or any other multifunctional constructive solution.
Normally they consist of an external photovoltaic laminated glass of 0.24, 0.32, 0.40, 0.47, 0.59, 0.75 in (6, 8, 10, 12, 15 or 19 mm)thick, an air
chamber of 16 mm for a greater thermal insulation performance, and an inner pane of 6 mm thick glass.
At Onyx Solar, we cooperate with several partners from the
industry, so we have no limitations regarding the adaptation of
size and thickness of the photovoltaic solutions in order to meet
the requirements of each project. In this way, we can reach sizes
up to 118 Sq Ft (11 sqm) (98 x 177in (2,500 x 4,500 mm),
depending on the photovoltaic technology used).
Infinite combinations of photovoltaic glass: choose your color, pattern, transparency degree,
thickness and size. It has never been so easy, smart, attainable and fun integrating solar
photovoltaic energy into a building.
No limits of color or semi transperancy

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Slip‐Resistant Photo Voltaic Floor
that can be featured in any color
evenretroilluminated.
Modular Photo Voltaic Sky‐Light100% Customized Photo Voltaic
Glass for your tailor made
projects
Colored Semi-
Transparent
Photovoltaic Glass.
We have patented a wide
range of colorful
semitransparent
photovoltaic glass, now
available to be integrated
as an artistic colored PV
skylight, curtain wall,
balcony or any other
multifunctional
constructive solution.
Photo Voltaic Roof Panels
combining ultra‐violent filter
and heat and sound insulation

11. GREEN BUILDINGS
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A photovoltaic (PV) power system:
Generates electricity through the use of PV panels (also known as solar panels).
Charges batteries that store the electricity.
Converts electricity to standard, household alternating current (AC).
The system shown above is isolated from any sources of outside electricity. For this reason, it is known as an "off-
grid" system. This is the type of system in Maryland LEAFHouse. However, a home does not need to be powered
exclusively by solar energy to take advantage of its benefits.
Two options are available to homeowners who live in an area where utility grid electricity is available. These systems
are known as "grid-tied" or "utility-interactive."
The grid-tied option is less expensive and has no battery bank; electricity from the PV panels goes directly to the
inverter. When the PV panels generate more electricity than is needed by the home, the excess electricity is fed into
the utility grid. The house electric meter runs backward, and the local power company effectively buys the surplus
energy from the homeowner. At night and other times when the home needs more electricity than the PV panels can
provide, normal grid electricity is used. The inverter controls the use of PV and grid electricity seamlessly.
The utility-interactive option has a PV system with batteries and a charge controller, essentially an off-grid system, but
provide a connection to the utility grid as well. If the PV panels and batteries cannot generate and store enough
electricity for the home, grid electricity is used.
The advantage to grid-tied systems is that homeowners can take advantage of solar energy, without having to worry
about long periods without sufficient sunlight, and without having to buy a large bank of batteries.
Federal, state and local government programs currently provide monetary incentives to homeowners who wish to
install PV systems. These programs offer grants and tax-credits that pay a significant portion of the up-front system
cost. A comprehensive list of state incentives can be found on the Database of State Incentives for Renewable
Energy (DSIRE).
Please read ahead for descriptions of the components that make up a PV system, from the sun to the electrical outlet!
http://www.onyxsolar.com/onyxsolar-bipv-
solutions.html?gclid=CNaLyLGjv7wCFeWQcgodom4ALw http://www.onyxsolardownloads.com/docs/OnyxSolar-Corporate-Brochure-BIPV-Bureau-EN.pdf
ONYXSOLAR

12. GREEN BUILDINGS
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There are number of different types of solar panel, from an ever
increasing range of manufacturers. Each claims that they are best
for one reason or another, with different sales people all giving
different information. We are not tied to any particular
manufacturer and do not hold stocks of solar panels, so that we are
flexible enough to be able to recommend whichever solar panel we
think is best for your project and can just order and fit the type of
panel you prefer.
This means that we are able to give completely independent advice
about our views on different panels and, hopefully, help you
distinguish the sales blarney from the real facts.
Polycrystalline vs Monocrystalline vs Hybrid
Sales people really go to town about which is the best type of solar
panel and try to make out various reasons why their PV panels are
best.
There are differences between the various types of panel, that are
worth knowing about but, in the end, it is the total overall power that
makes the biggest difference. A 3kW system will generate a very
similar amount of electricity whether it is 3kW of poly, mono, thin
film or hybrid panels. The “panel efficiency” quoted by manufacturers
has very little bearing on the annual generation, it just affects how
much roof space is needed for the same powered system – read a
full explanation of the meaning of panel efficiency.
My simple summary of the differences between panels would be:
Most crystalline modules (whether monocrystalline or polycrystalline)
will perform in a very similar way in the UK and will take up roughly
Sales people really go to town about which is the best type of solar
panel and try to make out various reasons why their PV panels are
best.
There are differences between the various types of panel, that are
worth knowing about but, in the end, it is the total overall power
that makes the biggest difference. A 3kW system will generate a
very similar amount of electricity whether it is 3kW of poly, mono,
thin film or hybrid panels. The “panel efficiency” quoted by
manufacturers has very little bearing on the annual generation, it
just affects how much roof space is needed for the same powered
system – read a full explanation of the meaning of panel
efficiency.
My simple summary of the differences between panels would be:
Most crystalline modules (whether monocrystalline or polycrystalline)
will perform in a very similar way in the UK and will take up roughly
the same space on your roof. So, ignore the sales-speak and choose
a manufacturer that you are confident in for the long term with good
warranty terms and some proven history of quality and reliability
and you will be fine.
Monocrystalline Panels
The solar cells in monocrystalline panels are slices cut from pure
drawn crystalline silicon bars. The entire cell is aligned in one
direction, which means that when the sun is shining brightly on them
at the correct angle, they are extremely efficient. So, these panels
work best in bright sunshine with the sun shining directly on them.
They have a uniform blacker colour because they are absorbing most
of the light.
Pure cells are octagonal, so there is unused space in the corners
when lots of cells are made into a solar module. Mono mono panels
are slightly smaller than poly panels for the same power, but this is
only really noticeable on industrial scale installations where you may
be able to fit a higher overall power with monocrystalline.
The cost of producing pure silicon wafers
is a little more than for polycrystalline
cells but generally there is not much
difference in price these days.
Polycrsytalline Panels (also known as multicrystalline)
Polycrystalline panels are made up from the silicon offcuts,
moulded to form blocks and create a cell made up of several
bits of pure crystal. Because the individual crystals are not
necessarily all perfectly aligned together and there are losses
at the joints between them, they are not quite as efficient.
However, this mis-alignment can help in some circumstances,
because the cells work better from light at all angles, in low
light, etc. For this reason, I would argue that polycrystalline is
slightly better suited to the UK’s duller conditions, but the
difference is marginal.
The appearance is also different – you can see the random
crystal arrangement and the panels look a little bluer as they
reflect some of the light.
Since they are cut into rectangular blocks, there is very little
wasted space on the panel and you do not see the little
diamonds that are typical of mono or hybrid panels. Some
people prefer this more uniform appearance, others like the
diamonds. The choice is yours because the overall size and
cost is very similar to monocrystalline.
Hybrid Panels – eg Panasonic (Sanyo) HIT
The main manufacturer of hybrid panels is Panasonic
(formerly Sanyo). Their HIT module which has a thin layer of
amorphous solar film behind the monocrystalline cells. The
extra amorphous layer extracts even more energy from the
available sunlight, particularly in low light conditions. These
are the most efficient panels available, so they take up the
least space on your roof.
Unless you have a very small roof and want to extract the
maximum amount of energy from it, we would not
recommend using the hybrid panels at the moment. Hybrid
panels are a lot more expensive than mono or poly-crystalline
panels, so that the increase in energy produced does not
justify the extra cost of buying them. Never choose hybrid
panels if there

13. GREEN BUILDINGS
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is space on your roof to fit the same amount of power with
crystalline panels, otherwise you will just be paying a lot
more to generate the same amount of electricity
Black Frames and Black Backed Panels
For some reason in our crazy UK market, many people are
now offering completely black panels, not only with black
frames, but also with a black backing behind the cells instead
of the traditional white. It is true that these do give a much
better appearance, particularly on slate roofs or old traditional
cottages with dark coloured plain tiles.
However, the problem with having a black backing, is that
black absorbs light and heat from the sun. this means that
you do not get the extra benefit of some of the sunlight being
reflected back onto the cells by the backing material. Also,
the panels get hotter. Solar cells, like most electrical
equipment, are more efficient when they are cooler, so that
panels with black backs are always going to perform less
effectively than ones with standard white backing.
If you are concerned about the appearance on your property,
then we would recommend having a halfway house of using a
panel with black anodised outer frame, instead of standard
aluminium, but still have a white backing material. REC, as an
example, have told us that they are not even going to
produce a black backed module, because their main concern
is always to try to improve the electricity that their PV panels
generate and black backing is a retrograde step.

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RENEWABLE ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY
RENEWABLE ENERGY OFFERS
WIND TURBINES
WE STRUCTURE SMART SYSTEM GRID
AND INTEGRATE RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES WITH NATIONAL POWER SYSTEM SMART WAY.

15. Job No
9221
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DWG UD I0100.151/1 00 A
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AMS KAZAKHSTAN
TOO RNG ASIA

16. GREEN BUILDINGS
Job No
9221
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DWG UD I0100.31/1 00 A
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HV GRID OVER HEAD 154 kV
SOLAR FARM 25%
WIND FARM 34%
SOLAR THERMAL PLANT
HYDRO ELECTRIC
POWER PLANT
52%
20%
COMBINED CYCLE
GAS POWER PLANT
87%
BIO MASS
ELECTRIC GENERATION
83%
WORK STATIONS

17. GREEN BUILDINGS
Job No
9221
Page Symbol Unit No Cat Type+Format Serial No Rev
DWG UD I0100.41/1 00 A
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O.SONGUR
DrawnDate
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Rev
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Rev-2
Rev-3
Description Date Name Check
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information and is the property of PAKPAS
GROUP and can not be reproduced or used
without PAKPAS’s written consent.
ATLANTIC ASIA PACIFIC
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AMS KAZAKHSTAN
http://www.aimsmartbuilding.com/aimnetis.html
Total System Levelized Cost (the
rightmost column) gives the
dollar cost per megawatt-hour
that must be charged over time
in order to pay for the total cost.
These calculations reflect an
adjustment to account for the
high level of carbon dioxide
produced by coal plants. From
the EIA report:
"a 3-percentage point increase in
the cost of capital is added when
evaluating investments in
greenhouse gas (GHG) intensive
technologies like coal-fired power
and coal-to-liquids (CTL) plants
without carbon control and
sequestration (CCS). While the 3-
percentage point adjustment is
somewhat arbitrary, in levelized
cost terms its impact is similar to
that of a $15 per metric ton of
carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
fee. ... As a result, the levelized
capital costs of coal-fired plants
without CCS are higher than
would otherwise be
expected."[11]
No tax credits or incentives are
incorporated in the tables. From
the EIA report (emphasis added):
"Levelized cost ... represents the
per-kilowatthour cost (in real
dollars) of building and operating
a generating plant over an
assumed financial life and duty
cycle. Key inputs to calculating
levelized costs include overnight
capital costs, fuel costs, fixed and
variable operations and
maintenance (O&M) costs,
financing costs, and an assumed
utilization rate for each plant
type/. ... The availability of
various incentives, including state
or federal tax credits, can also
impact the calculation of levelized
cost. The values shown in the
tables in this discussion do not
incorporate any such
incentives."[11]
All generating types are assumed
to have the same 30-year cost
recovery period, regardless of the
expected lifetime of the plant.
From the EIA report:
"The levelized cost shown for
each utility-scale generation
technology in the tables in this
discussion are calculated based
on a 30-year cost recovery
period, using a real after tax
weighted average cost of capital
(WACC) of 6.6 percent. I"[11]
Incentives, tax credits,
production mandates, etc. are
discussed in the overall
comprehensive EIA report:
"Annual Energy Outlook
2012".[12][13][14]
Photovoltaics (solar PV) can be
used both by distributed
residential or commercial users
and utility scale power plants.
The costs shown are for utility
scale photovoltaic power
plants.[15]
http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/capitalcost/