3. The most important factor in favor
of tourism leaving positive impacts
emanates from the really fact
that the environment constitutes a
very essential component of
tourism item.
Economic advantages to the
society- flow in the form of foreign
exchange earnings, direct and
indirect employment opportunities
have been feasible due to the
4. Improvement and preservation of
parks and cultural heritage-The
tourism activities also lead to far
better resource availability for
the construction of
infrastructure and maintenance
of heritage properties and parks.
Promotes cross cultural
exchanges with the tourist and
resident- The population is able to
understand more about every
5. ARDENT HOT
SPRING
The water of
the Ardent
Hot Spring is
40°C warm. It
is heated by
the volcanic
activity of
Mount Hibok-
Hibok. There
are several
8. For Natural
Environment
These effects can be
summarized into four
categories namely:
effects on flora and
fauna, pollution
depletion of natural
resources
visual effects.
9. Effects on flora and
fauna
i. Effects due to tourism
infrastructure- there has been a spread
of tourist and recreation infrastructure
on the ecosystem due to digging and
increased extraction of local building
materials causes irreversible damages to
the landscape. Significant scale
destruction of an ecosystem by way of
vegetation removal to accommodate
tourist infrastructure is a case in point.
ii. Effects due to tourists- the
vegetation cover can also be damaged due
to trampling by walkers or crushing by
tourists vehicles. The damages caused due
10. FLORA and
FAUNA
Flora and fauna
refer to plant and
wildlife,
respectively. The
indigenous plant and
wildlife of a
geographical region
is often referred to
as that region’s
flora and fauna.
Both are collective
terms, referring to
groups of plant or
wildlife specific to a
region or a time
11. Effects on pollution
Water pollution occurs due to the discharge
of untreated water, inorganic and organic
wastes and sewage. One of the major causes
of water pollution caused by tourism
industry is discharge of dumping of oil,
petrol, inorganic and organic wastes by
hotel units and means of water transport. In
several coastal waters the source of
water pollution are hotels and resorts
that dump raw or inadequately treated
sewage. Sewage pollution can alter the
ecological balance of an region resulting in
a marked decline in species diversity. Air
pollution can also accompany tourism
13. Depletion of natural
resources Increased activity and consumption might
lead to rapid depletion of renewable and
non-renewable natural resources like
construction material, forests, water and
animal life. Tourism led deforestation and
degradation are widely reported issues.
Tourists demand increases the demand for
fuel, demand for timber for construction
and the quite short growing season add to
the issue of forest degradation and
deforestation. Vegetation has also been
affected due to the souvenir industry in
specific. Increased deforestation for wood
based carvings and big scale massacre of
15. Visual effects
This can be caused due to 3 reasons
namely littering, sewage and poorly
sited and constructed buildings.
Littering is one of the significant causes
of visual pollution at tourist
destinations. Abandoned aluminum cans,
oxygen bottles and foodstuff grow to be
a permanent type of defacement. The
issue is compounded by the use of non-
biodegradable packing materials which
do not decompose and blocks the drains.
Visual top quality may well also be
affected due to open discharge of
sewage. Poorly designed, sited and
18. Huge scale construction of
infrastructure and tourists
facilities leads to change of land
use in the area, via direct loss as a
result of urban expansion or
indirectly as a consequence of
changes in land values. This may
well be harmful for the local
ecological balance. Market force-
led indiscriminate construction of
tourist infrastructure leads to
overstrained civic infrastructure.
Facilities like water, electricity,
19. BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Refers to the human-
made surroundings
that provide the
setting for human
activity, ranging in
scale from personal
shelter and buildings
to neighborhoods and
cities that can often
include their
supporting
infrastructure, such
as water supply or
energy networks. The
built environment is a
material, spatial and
21. It is often stated that traditions in the
host countries are weakened under the
influence of tourism. There is frequently a
loss of identity of standard cultures
resulting in tourist facilities like
accommodation . This loss of identity
resulting from tourism typically destroys
intimate, personal and friendly
relationship and leads to commercialism
and materialism. This result in change of
system based on social and moral values
to a system based on funds. Among the
cultural strategies the folks develop to
cope with the effects of tourism are :
resistance
retreatism
boundary maintenance
22. Resistance: Differences in wealth and lifestyle
between the tourists and local residents can
generate feelings of envy and resentment among
the local men and women. Tourism development
might result in a lot of resentment against the
tourists and tourist facilities.
Retreatism: This can be total boycott of the
tourist and revival of the old traditions and
culture.
Boundary maintenance: This might happen at a
stage of development of tourism when the
advantages commence percolating to a significant
section of folks and the negative effects of
tourism developments are overshadowed by the
positive economic gains. This method entails
establishing a well defined boundary between the
foreign and the local culture and presenting the
local traditions to foreigners in a distinct
context so that the effects of the foreigners on
the local are minimized.
Revitalization: As culture is an integral
component of the tourism item, sometimes the
