briefly about immunological disorders in medicine as a syllable for physiology

1. [Immuno]logical [disorder]
Nur Amalina Aminuddin Baki
082012100067
a disorder is a
functional
abnormality or
disturbance
immunity (from
immunis, Latin
for "exempt")

2. Allergy
• Hyperreactive response of body to an antigen
usually tolerated by others
• LOCAL ALLERGY->limited to an area of body.
• Eg; Lips swelling, eczema
• SYSTEMIC ALLERGY->allergic reactions affects
systemic functions

3. Delayed Reaction Allergy
• Mediated by macrophages that are
activated by T cell
▫ Reactions are delayed by one or more days
(delayed type hypersensitivity).
 Delay is due to migration of macrophages
and T cells to site of foreign antigens.
▫ Reactions are frequently displayed on the
skin: itching, redness, swelling, pain

5. Atopic Allergies
• large quantities of IgE antibodies in the
blood causing individuals to have an
“allergic” tendency.
• IgE antibodies of atopic individuals=
reagin
• Strong propensity to attach to mast cells
and basophils
• Genetically passed down

6. Anaphylaxis
•  allergen in blood circulation systemic
allergy
• Histamine releasedbody-wide vasodilation
decrease venous return, cardiac output.

8. Urticaria
• Antigen enter skin
areasred flareitchy
skin eruption(hives)
• Antihistamine drugs

10. Hay Fever
• In the nose local
intranasal vascular
dilationincrease capillary
pressure & permeability
• Rapid fluid leakage into
nasal cavities , swollen
nasal lining

11. Asthma
• Bronchioles of lungsslow reacting
substance of
anaphylaxisbronchiolar muscle
spasm

13. Reference
• Textbook Of Medical Physiology.Guyton And
Hall, 12th Edition
• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/P
MH0001620/
• http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/956340
-overview#a0199