The contemporary security environment has increasingly unpredictable mutations and the international scene seems to be gripped by a conflict that threatens to erupt at any moment, becoming an open conflict, violent and able to spread quickly everywhere; although for decades the source of conflict appeared to be the Middle East region, more recently, this source of global conflicts seems to move a little further to the north, reaching the Extended Black Sea Region (EBSR). Apparently, in EBSR are the great fossil resources that will be important once the basins of oil/gas from the Middle East will be depleted. The moment of fossil resources depletion in the Middle East is not too far. The EBSR will become the global centre of interest and this move of the global source of conflict in the Black Sea region leads to the need to develop new and special models for the management of national security. But going towards which direction? This question among others raises the attention of the scientific research in this important area of security. The first goal could only be to find out the truth, because only based on truth we can develop the appropriate model of management.
CUNOAȘTEREA ȘTIINȚIFICĂ, Volumul 1, Numărul 2, Decembrie 2022, pp. 34-45
ISSN 2821 – 8086, ISSN – L 2821 – 8086
URL: https://www.cunoasterea.ro/the-security-management-system-from-the-perspective-of-the-global-energy-crisis-and-the-extended-black-sea-region-escalating-conflict/
This document provides a summary of key topics that will be discussed at the 2020 Munich Security Conference, including "Westlessness." It defines Westlessness as a lack of common understanding of what defines the West amid challenges to the Western liberal order from nationalism and illiberalism both within Western countries and externally. There are competing definitions of the West, with liberal democracies defining it based on shared values and others pushing a more closed definition based on ethnicity and culture that excludes immigrants and sees the West as under threat. This divide has implications for the future of Western cooperation on security and other issues.
Russia has a long history of using aggressive and destructive information operations and propaganda to influence and control other nations. The Soviet era greatly expanded and refined these tactics. In modern times, Russia has launched a systematic information war against Ukraine to undermine its statehood since Ukraine expressed a desire to integrate with Europe. This document outlines Russia's highly developed information warfare system and the types of information operations it employs, including misinformation, propaganda, and psychological operations. It stresses the need for Ukraine and other countries to develop robust national information security systems to counter Russia's persistent information attacks.
Handbook of crisis and emergency managementWael Sharba
This document provides a summary of a book on crisis and emergency management. It begins with an introduction by the editor explaining the rationale and purpose of the book. It aims to be a comprehensive textbook covering all aspects of crisis and emergency management. The book includes chapters from experts around the world applying various analytical approaches and covering different types and levels of crises and emergencies. The summary concludes by thanking the contributors and production team who helped make this extensive reference book possible.
This document summarizes the changing nature of foreign policy communications and crisis management in modern global politics. It notes that greater globalization, new communication technologies, and the rise of non-state actors have made international relations more complex and crisis-prone. States must now manage diverse risks like natural disasters, economic instability, and terrorism. Additionally, foreign policy involves more non-governmental stakeholders and issues beyond traditional geopolitics. As a result, modern crisis communications requires coordinating public messages and adapting foreign policy processes to be more flexible, transparent and participatory.
httptcs.sagepub.comTheory, Culture & Society DOI 1.docxsheronlewthwaite
http://tcs.sagepub.com
Theory, Culture & Society
DOI: 10.1177/026327690007002017
1990; 7; 295 Theory Culture Society
Arjun Appadurai
Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy
http://tcs.sagepub.com
The online version of this article can be found at:
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1. How can international scientific engagement assist diplomacy, advance science, and help solve global problems in a better and faster pace? 2. What can we, and by we I mean young scientists, do (in addition to what senior scientist are already doing) to help facilitate this engagement?To answer these two questions, the paper benches out into three sections, embarking on three main concepts: 1) the challenges and interplays between politicians and scientists’ communication during the process of transforming the evidence based-scientific knowledge into applicable policies that have tangible impact on the laymen’s lives; 2) the modes and functions of leadership in the science policy-making process and interaction between the two bodies: scientists and politicians; and 3), the paper will be concluded with highlight of some of the areas that both decision makers and scientists need to invest more ways and means in order to leverage tangible solution to cross-cutting societal challenges though science diplomacy.
1) Security sector reform has become an important component of the "whole of government" approach to addressing security challenges. The UK in particular has made security sector reform one of the military's eight defence missions.
2) The UK established interdepartmental funding pools like the Global Conflict Prevention Pool to improve coordination between departments on conflict prevention strategies and security sector reform programs.
3) These funding pools receive both overseas development assistance funds and non-ODA funds from the Ministry of Defence, Department for International Development, and Foreign and Commonwealth Office according to jointly agreed strategies.
This article discusses the prospects for science diplomacy in the Middle East region. It suggests that science diplomacy has become an important tool for cooperation between nations and can help address issues like water scarcity, energy security, and climate change. However, establishing successful science diplomacy initiatives in the Middle East faces challenges due to political conflicts and weak scientific communities in many countries. The article outlines seven actions that could help foster science diplomacy in the region, including supporting scientific communities, improving communication between scientists and diplomats, and championing science diplomacy through young people and diaspora groups. Establishing a long-term commitment to science diplomacy is needed to help build cooperation and address challenges in the Middle East
This document provides a summary of key topics that will be discussed at the 2020 Munich Security Conference, including "Westlessness." It defines Westlessness as a lack of common understanding of what defines the West amid challenges to the Western liberal order from nationalism and illiberalism both within Western countries and externally. There are competing definitions of the West, with liberal democracies defining it based on shared values and others pushing a more closed definition based on ethnicity and culture that excludes immigrants and sees the West as under threat. This divide has implications for the future of Western cooperation on security and other issues.
Russia has a long history of using aggressive and destructive information operations and propaganda to influence and control other nations. The Soviet era greatly expanded and refined these tactics. In modern times, Russia has launched a systematic information war against Ukraine to undermine its statehood since Ukraine expressed a desire to integrate with Europe. This document outlines Russia's highly developed information warfare system and the types of information operations it employs, including misinformation, propaganda, and psychological operations. It stresses the need for Ukraine and other countries to develop robust national information security systems to counter Russia's persistent information attacks.
Handbook of crisis and emergency managementWael Sharba
This document provides a summary of a book on crisis and emergency management. It begins with an introduction by the editor explaining the rationale and purpose of the book. It aims to be a comprehensive textbook covering all aspects of crisis and emergency management. The book includes chapters from experts around the world applying various analytical approaches and covering different types and levels of crises and emergencies. The summary concludes by thanking the contributors and production team who helped make this extensive reference book possible.
This document summarizes the changing nature of foreign policy communications and crisis management in modern global politics. It notes that greater globalization, new communication technologies, and the rise of non-state actors have made international relations more complex and crisis-prone. States must now manage diverse risks like natural disasters, economic instability, and terrorism. Additionally, foreign policy involves more non-governmental stakeholders and issues beyond traditional geopolitics. As a result, modern crisis communications requires coordinating public messages and adapting foreign policy processes to be more flexible, transparent and participatory.
httptcs.sagepub.comTheory, Culture & Society DOI 1.docxsheronlewthwaite
http://tcs.sagepub.com
Theory, Culture & Society
DOI: 10.1177/026327690007002017
1990; 7; 295 Theory Culture Society
Arjun Appadurai
Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy
http://tcs.sagepub.com
The online version of this article can be found at:
Published by:
http://www.sagepublications.com
On behalf of:
The TCS Centre, Nottingham Trent University
can be found at:Theory, Culture & Society Additional services and information for
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1. How can international scientific engagement assist diplomacy, advance science, and help solve global problems in a better and faster pace? 2. What can we, and by we I mean young scientists, do (in addition to what senior scientist are already doing) to help facilitate this engagement?To answer these two questions, the paper benches out into three sections, embarking on three main concepts: 1) the challenges and interplays between politicians and scientists’ communication during the process of transforming the evidence based-scientific knowledge into applicable policies that have tangible impact on the laymen’s lives; 2) the modes and functions of leadership in the science policy-making process and interaction between the two bodies: scientists and politicians; and 3), the paper will be concluded with highlight of some of the areas that both decision makers and scientists need to invest more ways and means in order to leverage tangible solution to cross-cutting societal challenges though science diplomacy.
1) Security sector reform has become an important component of the "whole of government" approach to addressing security challenges. The UK in particular has made security sector reform one of the military's eight defence missions.
2) The UK established interdepartmental funding pools like the Global Conflict Prevention Pool to improve coordination between departments on conflict prevention strategies and security sector reform programs.
3) These funding pools receive both overseas development assistance funds and non-ODA funds from the Ministry of Defence, Department for International Development, and Foreign and Commonwealth Office according to jointly agreed strategies.
This article discusses the prospects for science diplomacy in the Middle East region. It suggests that science diplomacy has become an important tool for cooperation between nations and can help address issues like water scarcity, energy security, and climate change. However, establishing successful science diplomacy initiatives in the Middle East faces challenges due to political conflicts and weak scientific communities in many countries. The article outlines seven actions that could help foster science diplomacy in the region, including supporting scientific communities, improving communication between scientists and diplomats, and championing science diplomacy through young people and diaspora groups. Establishing a long-term commitment to science diplomacy is needed to help build cooperation and address challenges in the Middle East
This document discusses potential definitions of globalization and proposes that there may be four possible definitions that become increasingly radical:
1. Globalization as a historical epoch that succeeds the Cold War period. It represents a distinct time period with its own characteristics, just as the Cold War was a distinct period.
2. Globalization as a process of increasing interconnectivity and flows of people, capital, goods, and ideas across borders.
3. Globalization as a theory that posits the world is becoming more integrated and interdependent.
4. Globalization as a new paradigm that represents a fundamental change in how the global system is organized with authority shifting away from nation states.
The document analyzes each
This document provides an overview of Russia's theory and practice of information warfare. It discusses how Russia has developed its information warfare theory in opposition to Western concepts, drawing on Soviet-era psychological warfare techniques. It also examines the role of Russian geopolitical schools in popularizing and participating in information warfare. The document analyzes how Russia employed extensive propaganda in its recent operations related to Ukraine and Crimea to influence domestic and international public opinion.
1
WMD PROLIFERATION: A NEW PHASE TO TERRORISM 2
WMD Proliferation: A New Phase to TerrorismMax Little
American Military University
HLSS498
Professor Stork
12, March, 2016
Research Question
The research question is: How will weapons of mass destruction proliferation develop into a new phase of terrorism in South West Asia? To develop this research question the first topic that was review was weapons of mass destruction (WMD) proliferation. In order to answer the question about WMD proliferation there has to be a basic understanding of what WMD proliferation is. This is developed by asking: What is WMD proliferation? Why does WMD proliferation happen? How does WMD proliferation happen?
Once the basic understanding of WMD proliferation is reached, there must be general knowledge basis that there is research developed on WMD proliferation. Once it is determined, that there is enough research to develop understanding of WMD proliferation, this can develop particular questions that research can be built upon. Some of these questions that can be built upon would be: How will WMD proliferation affect the security of the United States? Who are the main countries to be cautious about as WMD proliferators? What are the contributing factors that develop into WMD proliferation?
To develop the final attributes to the research question this is done by evaluating the questions that were previously stated. Some of these evaluations of the questions would be: Is this research question a common interest to other researchers and others that would examine the material? This is the understanding that answer this research question would be valuable to the field of WMD proliferation. The question is found to be valuable because WMD proliferation is a current problem that needs to be solved. This determines the question to be feasible with the methodologies of reading other published works on WMD proliferation. This crates the ability to reach the research question of: How will weapons of mass destruction proliferation develop into a new phase of terrorism in South West Asia? Creating a research question that is focused and not to narrow.
Purpose statement
The goal of this paper is to examine the effects of WMD proliferation in Pakistan and the areas around the region. That nature of this topic is to create a comparative and chronological analysis of how WMD proliferation adds to the extreme political agenda of terrorists. Constant political instability in Pakistan provides an example of how this could lead to nuclear material or technologies being obtained by terrorist organizations (Kerr, P. & Nikitin, 2012).
More extensive and expanding nuclear programs in Pakistan could lead to accidental WMD proliferation in and around South West Asia (Kerr, P. & Nikitin, 2012). This paper will examine weapons of mass destruction and proliferation. The focus will be on that WMD proliferation could develop into a new phas ...
Foresight Ukraine. Four scenarios for the development of UkraineDonbassFullAccess
This scenario describes Ukraine in 2027 with a weak state but cohesive society. Decentralization and regionalization boosted economic growth in parts of Ukraine. Fighting in Donbas ended by 2021 due to a revised Minsk agreement. While standard of living increased, Ukraine still maintains a paternalistic view of the state and is not fully oriented towards Western models of governance. The path to this future involved elections in 2018 that promoted decentralization and fast growth, as well as a new president in 2019 continuing this approach.
This document is a dissertation submitted by Laurence E. Horton for a Master's degree in Risk, Crisis and Disaster Management from the University of Leicester. The dissertation examines perceptions of risk associated with international travel and whether lay decisions related to risk are informed by expert conceptions of reality. It reviews literature on risk perception, risk communication, and social learning. It then describes the methodology used, which included a survey and analysis of statistics from experts. The results show that although people seek and trust expert advice, they rarely use it to inform their decisions. This suggests people prefer to remain autonomous in their decision making despite not making fully rational choices. The relationship between experts and laypeople may be dysfunctional, resulting in a loss of
This document summarizes a speech given by Susan Schneegans, editor of UNESCO's journal A World of Science, at the XII International Conference on Public Communication of Science and Technology. The summary discusses:
1) UNESCO's role in promoting science internationally through capacity building, policy advice, and sharing scientific data and information.
2) That science is universal throughout history across many civilizations, and international collaboration is growing through projects like international years of topics.
3) The challenges science communicators face in conveying scientific uncertainty to the public and countering "merchants of doubt" who aim to sow skepticism about scientific issues like climate change.
This document provides an overview of 7 cases that will be discussed in a class on international studies. The cases are: UN Security Council reforms, Russia/Ukraine/NATO, Chinese Sea/Rise of China, Euro crisis/Greece/Germany, Mali and the Sahel region, War on Terror/ISIS, and Iran Nuclear Deal. For each case, a brief background is given on topics related to ongoing conflicts, political instability, and debates among scholars on international relations and foreign policy issues.
Rethinking security:
A discussion paper
The Ammerdown Group
May 2016
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Ammerdown Group brings together practitioners and academics in search of a new
vision for the future of our common peace and security. The group includes participants
from Conciliation Resources, Campaign Against Arms Trade, International Alert, Joseph
Rowntree Charitable Trust, Oxford Research Group, Quaker Peace and Social Witness,
Saferworld, and Three Faiths Forum, as well as independent practitioners, and academics
from the universities of Bradford, Coventry, Kent, Leeds Beckett and Oxford Brookes.
The Ammerdown Group takes its name from the Ammerdown Centre, a retreat and
conference centre in Somerset, where the group meets together. The views expressed
in this document do not necessarily represent those of the Ammerdown Centre’s staff or
trustees, but the Ammerdown Centre fully supports the work of the Ammerdown Group
as part of its charitable commitment to promoting justice, peace and reconciliation and
to facilitating free and open discussion on these issues.
The Ammerdown Group has produced this publication to stimulate debate about the
UK’s approach to security. The group welcomes feedback on the paper and is interested
in working with others to promote further discussion about the security challenges of
the 21st century. For more information, visit rethinkingsecurity.org.uk
The Ammerdown Group, 2016.
This report may be distributed freely for non-commercial purposes. Please cite as:
Ammerdown Group. (2016). Rethinking Security: A discussion paper.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0
International Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0.
1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Ammerdown Group brings together peacebuilding practitioners and academics concerned about the effects of geopolitics
on the security of people worldwide. The group is seeking a public conversation in search of a new vision for peace and
security. This paper is one contribution. It explores the security strategies of Western states, particularly the UK, and
proposes principles for a more effective approach in the common interest. We welcome responses from all quarters.
To download the complete paper with references please visit rethinkingsecurity.org.uk
A failing response to growing insecurity
People across the world face growing insecurity. Violent conflict is spreading and intensifying,
economic inequality is widening, and the natural ecology on which human life depends is in jeopardy.
The world’s poorest people bear the brunt, while those in rich countries are also increasingly affected.
The preferred responses of Western states are manifestly not working and have often made matters
worse. The UK’s primary response has been to ‘project power’, joining the US and other Western
states in a series of military intervention.
Rethinking security:
A discussion paper
The Ammerdown Group
May 2016
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Ammerdown Group brings together practitioners and academics in search of a new
vision for the future of our common peace and security. The group includes participants
from Conciliation Resources, Campaign Against Arms Trade, International Alert, Joseph
Rowntree Charitable Trust, Oxford Research Group, Quaker Peace and Social Witness,
Saferworld, and Three Faiths Forum, as well as independent practitioners, and academics
from the universities of Bradford, Coventry, Kent, Leeds Beckett and Oxford Brookes.
The Ammerdown Group takes its name from the Ammerdown Centre, a retreat and
conference centre in Somerset, where the group meets together. The views expressed
in this document do not necessarily represent those of the Ammerdown Centre’s staff or
trustees, but the Ammerdown Centre fully supports the work of the Ammerdown Group
as part of its charitable commitment to promoting justice, peace and reconciliation and
to facilitating free and open discussion on these issues.
The Ammerdown Group has produced this publication to stimulate debate about the
UK’s approach to security. The group welcomes feedback on the paper and is interested
in working with others to promote further discussion about the security challenges of
the 21st century. For more information, visit rethinkingsecurity.org.uk
The Ammerdown Group, 2016.
This report may be distributed freely for non-commercial purposes. Please cite as:
Ammerdown Group. (2016). Rethinking Security: A discussion paper.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0
International Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0.
1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Ammerdown Group brings together peacebuilding practitioners and academics concerned about the effects of geopolitics
on the security of people worldwide. The group is seeking a public conversation in search of a new vision for peace and
security. This paper is one contribution. It explores the security strategies of Western states, particularly the UK, and
proposes principles for a more effective approach in the common interest. We welcome responses from all quarters.
To download the complete paper with references please visit rethinkingsecurity.org.uk
A failing response to growing insecurity
People across the world face growing insecurity. Violent conflict is spreading and intensifying,
economic inequality is widening, and the natural ecology on which human life depends is in jeopardy.
The world’s poorest people bear the brunt, while those in rich countries are also increasingly affected.
The preferred responses of Western states are manifestly not working and have often made matters
worse. The UK’s primary response has been to ‘project power’, joining the US and other Western
states in a series of military intervention ...
Sutainable Development Inside the United NationsGregory Borne
This document summarizes a research paper that examines how the concept of sustainable development (SD) represents a shift from industrial modernity to reflexive modernity within the governance structures of the United Nations (UN).
The paper first defines reflexive modernity as modernity recursively examining itself in response to increased global environmental risks. It then establishes SD as inherently reflecting concerns about normative assumptions of development. Finally, the paper analyzes how SD discourse within the UN progressively builds representation of a reflexive approach to development, suggesting SD and reflexive modernity have a symbiotic relationship.
The structural forces of changing demographics, environmental challenges, economic shifts, and advancing technologies are interacting in complex ways and exacerbating fragmentation, disequilibrium, and contestation at all levels of human organization. This is producing a more contested and uncertain world characterized by intensifying global challenges, growing divisions within societies and states, and a more competitive international system strained by rising tensions between major powers. How these dynamics unfold and how human actors respond will determine the trajectory between more optimistic or pessimistic scenarios for the future, from a renaissance of democracies to separate ideological silos. Adaptation to these forces of change will be imperative for all communities, states and the international system.
The structural forces of changing demographics, environmental challenges, economic shifts, and advancing technologies are interacting with human responses to shape emerging dynamics at the societal, state, and international levels. This is creating disequilibrium that is fueling greater contestation within communities, between states, and across the international system. How these dynamics unfold and interact over the next two decades will determine the trajectory of the global order in 2040, with scenarios ranging from a democratic renaissance to separate spheres of international influence. Adaptation to these forces of change will be imperative for all actors.
Providing scientific expertise for the Global South: a challenge and an oppor...Marcin Senderski
Temat konkursu zorganizowanego przez GOI Peace Foundation oraz UNESCO brzmiał w tym roku następująco: Rola nauki w budowaniu lepszego świata. Temat przewodni miał związek z ogłoszoną przez Organizację Narodów Zjednoczonych Międzynarodową Dekadą Kultury Pokoju i Niestosowania Przemocy dla Dobra Dzieci na Całym Świecie (2001-2010).
This report is the result of a series of brainstorming sessions between American, Russian, and European
experts funded by a grant from Carnegie Corporation of New York.
The Atlantic Council is grateful for the leadership of the Honorable Ellen Tauscher and Minister Igor Ivanov,
who led the team in an effort to keep the dialogue open and frank at a challenging time for European
security, as 2014 events in Ukraine unravelled the post-Cold War security order. The Council wishes to
acknowledge the contributions of American experts: Walter Slocombe, Hans Binnendijk, Paul Fritch, and
those who have wished to remain unnamed, as well as the European experts: Lukasz Kulesa, Markus Kaim,
and Paal Hilde, who worked under the leadership of Ian Kearns and the European Leadership Network
(ELN). The Council also thanks the group of Russian experts: Andrey Kortunov, Andrei Zagorski, and Irina
Busygina, who worked under the leadership of the Russian International Affairs Council to contribute
the Russian perspective; and, fially, the Director and coordinator of the project, Isabelle François, for the
diffiult task of bringing diverging views together into one fial publication.
The Atlantic Council offered a platform to keep channels of communication open and for different
views to be expressed. Not surprisingly, in the months that followed events in Ukraine, it proved
impossible to narrow the differences and develop a common, action-oriented approach to the challenge
of rebuilding the European security order. We aimed instead for a necessary fist step of listening to each
other and reflcting on the signifiant differences in the Western and Russian approaches. Our debates
focused on a possible way forward by gaining clarity on the interests at stake, from the US, European,
and Russian perspectives, in order to better defie whether and where common interests may still lie
and how best to advance them. The need for managing our differences in the aftermath of the Ukrainian crisis
will continue to require signifiant efforts on the part of decision-makers, experts, offiials, international
organizations, and nongovernmental organizations, and will likely take time and strategic patience.
We hope that this report will contribute to a better understanding and appreciation for the differences
in terms of the respective US, European, and Russian positions, in order to better prepare, when the time
comes, for bridging the gap and bring back stability, security, and prosperity to the whole of Europe.
This report is the result of a series of brainstorming sessions that took place between the summer of 2013 and the winter of 2014-2015, and between American, Russian, and European experts. The teams were led by Ellen Tauscher, the Vice Chair of the Atlantic Council's Brent Scowcroft Center on International Security and the former US Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security, and Igor Ivanov, the president of Russian International Affairs Council (RIAC) and former Foreign Minister of Russia, in an effort to keep the dialogue open and frank at a challenging time for European security. Not surprisingly, as events in Ukraine unravelled the post-Cold War security order, it proved impossible to narrow the differences and develop a common, action-oriented approach to the challenge of rebuilding the European security order. The report, a project of the Atlantic Council, the European Leadership Network (ELN), and RIAC is focused instead on the necessary first step of listening to each other and reflecting on the significant differences in the Western and Russian approaches. Discussions focused on gaining clarity on the interests at stake, from the US, European, and Russian perspectives, in order to better define whether and where common interests may still lie and how best to advance them. The report clearly points to the fact that managing the differences in the aftermath of the Ukrainian crisis will continue to require significant efforts on the part of decision-makers, experts, officials, international organizations, and will take time and strategic patience.
Public Understanding of Science - Lecture 2 #SciCommLSUPaige Jarreau
The document discusses models of science communication and public understanding of science. It describes the traditional "deficit model" which assumes that public mistrust of science stems from lack of knowledge, and efforts to educate the public often backfire. A better approach promotes dialogue, trust and participation across diverse audiences and platforms. Effective communication acknowledges that people interpret science through existing beliefs and values, not just facts. Framing issues related to personal concerns like health can make science more relevant and engaging.
The document discusses the challenges of foreign state-sponsored disinformation in the digital age. It provides context on how disinformation spread on social media and Russian propaganda during the Ukraine conflict. The key points made are:
1) Social media has disrupted traditional media and allowed for easy spread of disinformation by states and individuals.
2) Disinformation exploits vulnerabilities in the information ecosystem, including how platforms are designed to optimize viral content, use of bots and fake accounts, and exploitation of human biases.
3) On average, false stories spread much more quickly than the truth on social media, especially for political topics, undermining trust in information. Understanding the interplay between technology, media and human behavior is needed to
This document discusses the limitations of current management thinking and knowledge practices, particularly in the development sector. It argues that the dominant Western knowledge system, shaped by 19th century intellectual trends, overemphasizes quantitative analysis, measurement, and efficiency. While useful historically, this approach is ill-suited to today's complex problems and knowledge economy. The document calls for an alternative knowledge system based on rhetoric that better addresses organizational contexts and real-world situations in development work.
A federal government has three levels: national, state, and local. It has a written constitution that divides power between the central and regional governments. A bicameral parliament makes laws at the national level. Citizens elect representatives to the parliament through free and fair elections. This structure aims to protect individual liberties while allowing for self-governance at multiple levels.
Riscuri și provocări în inteligența artificială: Cutii negre și actorii de am...Nicolae Sfetcu
Inteligența artificială a creat oportunități fără precedent, dar și noi riscuri. Creșterea exponențială a capabilităților modelelor de inteligența artificială permite atingerea unor niveluri de valoare și generalizare neatinse până acum. Cu toate acestea, opacitatea acestor modele a crescut, de asemenea, iar natura lor de cutie neagră face dificilă, chiar și pentru experți, explicarea justificării concluziilor lor. Acest lucru poate reprezenta un punct critic din punct de vedere tehnologic și social, deoarece riscul este real, după cum demonstrează episoadele recente, ale sistemelor de antrenament care sunt compromise de părtiniri și prejudecăți de discriminare, care au învățat din datele de instruire. Prin urmare, este posibil ca învățarea din urmele digitale ale deciziilor trecute să poată duce la încorporarea prejudecăților invizibile existente în modelele rezultate, perpetuându-le.
IT & C, Volumul 2, Numărul 1, Martie 2023, pp. 41-47
ISSN 2821 – 8469, ISSN – L 2821 – 8469, DOI: 10.58679/IT21269
URL: https://www.internetmobile.ro/riscuri-si-provocari-in-inteligenta-artificiala-cutii-negre-si-actorii-de-amenintare/
EU Clear English Tips for Translators - eBookNicolae Sfetcu
Here are some tips to help translators avoid copying structure and wording from other languages that would be awkward in English.
They should be useful to non-native speakers, but may serve as handy reminders for native speakers too.
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Similar to The Security Management System from the Perspective of the Global Energy Crisis and the Extended Black Sea Region Escalating Conflict
This document discusses potential definitions of globalization and proposes that there may be four possible definitions that become increasingly radical:
1. Globalization as a historical epoch that succeeds the Cold War period. It represents a distinct time period with its own characteristics, just as the Cold War was a distinct period.
2. Globalization as a process of increasing interconnectivity and flows of people, capital, goods, and ideas across borders.
3. Globalization as a theory that posits the world is becoming more integrated and interdependent.
4. Globalization as a new paradigm that represents a fundamental change in how the global system is organized with authority shifting away from nation states.
The document analyzes each
This document provides an overview of Russia's theory and practice of information warfare. It discusses how Russia has developed its information warfare theory in opposition to Western concepts, drawing on Soviet-era psychological warfare techniques. It also examines the role of Russian geopolitical schools in popularizing and participating in information warfare. The document analyzes how Russia employed extensive propaganda in its recent operations related to Ukraine and Crimea to influence domestic and international public opinion.
1
WMD PROLIFERATION: A NEW PHASE TO TERRORISM 2
WMD Proliferation: A New Phase to TerrorismMax Little
American Military University
HLSS498
Professor Stork
12, March, 2016
Research Question
The research question is: How will weapons of mass destruction proliferation develop into a new phase of terrorism in South West Asia? To develop this research question the first topic that was review was weapons of mass destruction (WMD) proliferation. In order to answer the question about WMD proliferation there has to be a basic understanding of what WMD proliferation is. This is developed by asking: What is WMD proliferation? Why does WMD proliferation happen? How does WMD proliferation happen?
Once the basic understanding of WMD proliferation is reached, there must be general knowledge basis that there is research developed on WMD proliferation. Once it is determined, that there is enough research to develop understanding of WMD proliferation, this can develop particular questions that research can be built upon. Some of these questions that can be built upon would be: How will WMD proliferation affect the security of the United States? Who are the main countries to be cautious about as WMD proliferators? What are the contributing factors that develop into WMD proliferation?
To develop the final attributes to the research question this is done by evaluating the questions that were previously stated. Some of these evaluations of the questions would be: Is this research question a common interest to other researchers and others that would examine the material? This is the understanding that answer this research question would be valuable to the field of WMD proliferation. The question is found to be valuable because WMD proliferation is a current problem that needs to be solved. This determines the question to be feasible with the methodologies of reading other published works on WMD proliferation. This crates the ability to reach the research question of: How will weapons of mass destruction proliferation develop into a new phase of terrorism in South West Asia? Creating a research question that is focused and not to narrow.
Purpose statement
The goal of this paper is to examine the effects of WMD proliferation in Pakistan and the areas around the region. That nature of this topic is to create a comparative and chronological analysis of how WMD proliferation adds to the extreme political agenda of terrorists. Constant political instability in Pakistan provides an example of how this could lead to nuclear material or technologies being obtained by terrorist organizations (Kerr, P. & Nikitin, 2012).
More extensive and expanding nuclear programs in Pakistan could lead to accidental WMD proliferation in and around South West Asia (Kerr, P. & Nikitin, 2012). This paper will examine weapons of mass destruction and proliferation. The focus will be on that WMD proliferation could develop into a new phas ...
Foresight Ukraine. Four scenarios for the development of UkraineDonbassFullAccess
This scenario describes Ukraine in 2027 with a weak state but cohesive society. Decentralization and regionalization boosted economic growth in parts of Ukraine. Fighting in Donbas ended by 2021 due to a revised Minsk agreement. While standard of living increased, Ukraine still maintains a paternalistic view of the state and is not fully oriented towards Western models of governance. The path to this future involved elections in 2018 that promoted decentralization and fast growth, as well as a new president in 2019 continuing this approach.
This document is a dissertation submitted by Laurence E. Horton for a Master's degree in Risk, Crisis and Disaster Management from the University of Leicester. The dissertation examines perceptions of risk associated with international travel and whether lay decisions related to risk are informed by expert conceptions of reality. It reviews literature on risk perception, risk communication, and social learning. It then describes the methodology used, which included a survey and analysis of statistics from experts. The results show that although people seek and trust expert advice, they rarely use it to inform their decisions. This suggests people prefer to remain autonomous in their decision making despite not making fully rational choices. The relationship between experts and laypeople may be dysfunctional, resulting in a loss of
This document summarizes a speech given by Susan Schneegans, editor of UNESCO's journal A World of Science, at the XII International Conference on Public Communication of Science and Technology. The summary discusses:
1) UNESCO's role in promoting science internationally through capacity building, policy advice, and sharing scientific data and information.
2) That science is universal throughout history across many civilizations, and international collaboration is growing through projects like international years of topics.
3) The challenges science communicators face in conveying scientific uncertainty to the public and countering "merchants of doubt" who aim to sow skepticism about scientific issues like climate change.
This document provides an overview of 7 cases that will be discussed in a class on international studies. The cases are: UN Security Council reforms, Russia/Ukraine/NATO, Chinese Sea/Rise of China, Euro crisis/Greece/Germany, Mali and the Sahel region, War on Terror/ISIS, and Iran Nuclear Deal. For each case, a brief background is given on topics related to ongoing conflicts, political instability, and debates among scholars on international relations and foreign policy issues.
Rethinking security:
A discussion paper
The Ammerdown Group
May 2016
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Ammerdown Group brings together practitioners and academics in search of a new
vision for the future of our common peace and security. The group includes participants
from Conciliation Resources, Campaign Against Arms Trade, International Alert, Joseph
Rowntree Charitable Trust, Oxford Research Group, Quaker Peace and Social Witness,
Saferworld, and Three Faiths Forum, as well as independent practitioners, and academics
from the universities of Bradford, Coventry, Kent, Leeds Beckett and Oxford Brookes.
The Ammerdown Group takes its name from the Ammerdown Centre, a retreat and
conference centre in Somerset, where the group meets together. The views expressed
in this document do not necessarily represent those of the Ammerdown Centre’s staff or
trustees, but the Ammerdown Centre fully supports the work of the Ammerdown Group
as part of its charitable commitment to promoting justice, peace and reconciliation and
to facilitating free and open discussion on these issues.
The Ammerdown Group has produced this publication to stimulate debate about the
UK’s approach to security. The group welcomes feedback on the paper and is interested
in working with others to promote further discussion about the security challenges of
the 21st century. For more information, visit rethinkingsecurity.org.uk
The Ammerdown Group, 2016.
This report may be distributed freely for non-commercial purposes. Please cite as:
Ammerdown Group. (2016). Rethinking Security: A discussion paper.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0
International Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0.
1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Ammerdown Group brings together peacebuilding practitioners and academics concerned about the effects of geopolitics
on the security of people worldwide. The group is seeking a public conversation in search of a new vision for peace and
security. This paper is one contribution. It explores the security strategies of Western states, particularly the UK, and
proposes principles for a more effective approach in the common interest. We welcome responses from all quarters.
To download the complete paper with references please visit rethinkingsecurity.org.uk
A failing response to growing insecurity
People across the world face growing insecurity. Violent conflict is spreading and intensifying,
economic inequality is widening, and the natural ecology on which human life depends is in jeopardy.
The world’s poorest people bear the brunt, while those in rich countries are also increasingly affected.
The preferred responses of Western states are manifestly not working and have often made matters
worse. The UK’s primary response has been to ‘project power’, joining the US and other Western
states in a series of military intervention.
Rethinking security:
A discussion paper
The Ammerdown Group
May 2016
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Ammerdown Group brings together practitioners and academics in search of a new
vision for the future of our common peace and security. The group includes participants
from Conciliation Resources, Campaign Against Arms Trade, International Alert, Joseph
Rowntree Charitable Trust, Oxford Research Group, Quaker Peace and Social Witness,
Saferworld, and Three Faiths Forum, as well as independent practitioners, and academics
from the universities of Bradford, Coventry, Kent, Leeds Beckett and Oxford Brookes.
The Ammerdown Group takes its name from the Ammerdown Centre, a retreat and
conference centre in Somerset, where the group meets together. The views expressed
in this document do not necessarily represent those of the Ammerdown Centre’s staff or
trustees, but the Ammerdown Centre fully supports the work of the Ammerdown Group
as part of its charitable commitment to promoting justice, peace and reconciliation and
to facilitating free and open discussion on these issues.
The Ammerdown Group has produced this publication to stimulate debate about the
UK’s approach to security. The group welcomes feedback on the paper and is interested
in working with others to promote further discussion about the security challenges of
the 21st century. For more information, visit rethinkingsecurity.org.uk
The Ammerdown Group, 2016.
This report may be distributed freely for non-commercial purposes. Please cite as:
Ammerdown Group. (2016). Rethinking Security: A discussion paper.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0
International Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0.
1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Ammerdown Group brings together peacebuilding practitioners and academics concerned about the effects of geopolitics
on the security of people worldwide. The group is seeking a public conversation in search of a new vision for peace and
security. This paper is one contribution. It explores the security strategies of Western states, particularly the UK, and
proposes principles for a more effective approach in the common interest. We welcome responses from all quarters.
To download the complete paper with references please visit rethinkingsecurity.org.uk
A failing response to growing insecurity
People across the world face growing insecurity. Violent conflict is spreading and intensifying,
economic inequality is widening, and the natural ecology on which human life depends is in jeopardy.
The world’s poorest people bear the brunt, while those in rich countries are also increasingly affected.
The preferred responses of Western states are manifestly not working and have often made matters
worse. The UK’s primary response has been to ‘project power’, joining the US and other Western
states in a series of military intervention ...
Sutainable Development Inside the United NationsGregory Borne
This document summarizes a research paper that examines how the concept of sustainable development (SD) represents a shift from industrial modernity to reflexive modernity within the governance structures of the United Nations (UN).
The paper first defines reflexive modernity as modernity recursively examining itself in response to increased global environmental risks. It then establishes SD as inherently reflecting concerns about normative assumptions of development. Finally, the paper analyzes how SD discourse within the UN progressively builds representation of a reflexive approach to development, suggesting SD and reflexive modernity have a symbiotic relationship.
The structural forces of changing demographics, environmental challenges, economic shifts, and advancing technologies are interacting in complex ways and exacerbating fragmentation, disequilibrium, and contestation at all levels of human organization. This is producing a more contested and uncertain world characterized by intensifying global challenges, growing divisions within societies and states, and a more competitive international system strained by rising tensions between major powers. How these dynamics unfold and how human actors respond will determine the trajectory between more optimistic or pessimistic scenarios for the future, from a renaissance of democracies to separate ideological silos. Adaptation to these forces of change will be imperative for all communities, states and the international system.
The structural forces of changing demographics, environmental challenges, economic shifts, and advancing technologies are interacting with human responses to shape emerging dynamics at the societal, state, and international levels. This is creating disequilibrium that is fueling greater contestation within communities, between states, and across the international system. How these dynamics unfold and interact over the next two decades will determine the trajectory of the global order in 2040, with scenarios ranging from a democratic renaissance to separate spheres of international influence. Adaptation to these forces of change will be imperative for all actors.
Providing scientific expertise for the Global South: a challenge and an oppor...Marcin Senderski
Temat konkursu zorganizowanego przez GOI Peace Foundation oraz UNESCO brzmiał w tym roku następująco: Rola nauki w budowaniu lepszego świata. Temat przewodni miał związek z ogłoszoną przez Organizację Narodów Zjednoczonych Międzynarodową Dekadą Kultury Pokoju i Niestosowania Przemocy dla Dobra Dzieci na Całym Świecie (2001-2010).
This report is the result of a series of brainstorming sessions between American, Russian, and European
experts funded by a grant from Carnegie Corporation of New York.
The Atlantic Council is grateful for the leadership of the Honorable Ellen Tauscher and Minister Igor Ivanov,
who led the team in an effort to keep the dialogue open and frank at a challenging time for European
security, as 2014 events in Ukraine unravelled the post-Cold War security order. The Council wishes to
acknowledge the contributions of American experts: Walter Slocombe, Hans Binnendijk, Paul Fritch, and
those who have wished to remain unnamed, as well as the European experts: Lukasz Kulesa, Markus Kaim,
and Paal Hilde, who worked under the leadership of Ian Kearns and the European Leadership Network
(ELN). The Council also thanks the group of Russian experts: Andrey Kortunov, Andrei Zagorski, and Irina
Busygina, who worked under the leadership of the Russian International Affairs Council to contribute
the Russian perspective; and, fially, the Director and coordinator of the project, Isabelle François, for the
diffiult task of bringing diverging views together into one fial publication.
The Atlantic Council offered a platform to keep channels of communication open and for different
views to be expressed. Not surprisingly, in the months that followed events in Ukraine, it proved
impossible to narrow the differences and develop a common, action-oriented approach to the challenge
of rebuilding the European security order. We aimed instead for a necessary fist step of listening to each
other and reflcting on the signifiant differences in the Western and Russian approaches. Our debates
focused on a possible way forward by gaining clarity on the interests at stake, from the US, European,
and Russian perspectives, in order to better defie whether and where common interests may still lie
and how best to advance them. The need for managing our differences in the aftermath of the Ukrainian crisis
will continue to require signifiant efforts on the part of decision-makers, experts, offiials, international
organizations, and nongovernmental organizations, and will likely take time and strategic patience.
We hope that this report will contribute to a better understanding and appreciation for the differences
in terms of the respective US, European, and Russian positions, in order to better prepare, when the time
comes, for bridging the gap and bring back stability, security, and prosperity to the whole of Europe.
This report is the result of a series of brainstorming sessions that took place between the summer of 2013 and the winter of 2014-2015, and between American, Russian, and European experts. The teams were led by Ellen Tauscher, the Vice Chair of the Atlantic Council's Brent Scowcroft Center on International Security and the former US Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security, and Igor Ivanov, the president of Russian International Affairs Council (RIAC) and former Foreign Minister of Russia, in an effort to keep the dialogue open and frank at a challenging time for European security. Not surprisingly, as events in Ukraine unravelled the post-Cold War security order, it proved impossible to narrow the differences and develop a common, action-oriented approach to the challenge of rebuilding the European security order. The report, a project of the Atlantic Council, the European Leadership Network (ELN), and RIAC is focused instead on the necessary first step of listening to each other and reflecting on the significant differences in the Western and Russian approaches. Discussions focused on gaining clarity on the interests at stake, from the US, European, and Russian perspectives, in order to better define whether and where common interests may still lie and how best to advance them. The report clearly points to the fact that managing the differences in the aftermath of the Ukrainian crisis will continue to require significant efforts on the part of decision-makers, experts, officials, international organizations, and will take time and strategic patience.
Public Understanding of Science - Lecture 2 #SciCommLSUPaige Jarreau
The document discusses models of science communication and public understanding of science. It describes the traditional "deficit model" which assumes that public mistrust of science stems from lack of knowledge, and efforts to educate the public often backfire. A better approach promotes dialogue, trust and participation across diverse audiences and platforms. Effective communication acknowledges that people interpret science through existing beliefs and values, not just facts. Framing issues related to personal concerns like health can make science more relevant and engaging.
The document discusses the challenges of foreign state-sponsored disinformation in the digital age. It provides context on how disinformation spread on social media and Russian propaganda during the Ukraine conflict. The key points made are:
1) Social media has disrupted traditional media and allowed for easy spread of disinformation by states and individuals.
2) Disinformation exploits vulnerabilities in the information ecosystem, including how platforms are designed to optimize viral content, use of bots and fake accounts, and exploitation of human biases.
3) On average, false stories spread much more quickly than the truth on social media, especially for political topics, undermining trust in information. Understanding the interplay between technology, media and human behavior is needed to
This document discusses the limitations of current management thinking and knowledge practices, particularly in the development sector. It argues that the dominant Western knowledge system, shaped by 19th century intellectual trends, overemphasizes quantitative analysis, measurement, and efficiency. While useful historically, this approach is ill-suited to today's complex problems and knowledge economy. The document calls for an alternative knowledge system based on rhetoric that better addresses organizational contexts and real-world situations in development work.
A federal government has three levels: national, state, and local. It has a written constitution that divides power between the central and regional governments. A bicameral parliament makes laws at the national level. Citizens elect representatives to the parliament through free and fair elections. This structure aims to protect individual liberties while allowing for self-governance at multiple levels.
Similar to The Security Management System from the Perspective of the Global Energy Crisis and the Extended Black Sea Region Escalating Conflict (20)
Riscuri și provocări în inteligența artificială: Cutii negre și actorii de am...Nicolae Sfetcu
Inteligența artificială a creat oportunități fără precedent, dar și noi riscuri. Creșterea exponențială a capabilităților modelelor de inteligența artificială permite atingerea unor niveluri de valoare și generalizare neatinse până acum. Cu toate acestea, opacitatea acestor modele a crescut, de asemenea, iar natura lor de cutie neagră face dificilă, chiar și pentru experți, explicarea justificării concluziilor lor. Acest lucru poate reprezenta un punct critic din punct de vedere tehnologic și social, deoarece riscul este real, după cum demonstrează episoadele recente, ale sistemelor de antrenament care sunt compromise de părtiniri și prejudecăți de discriminare, care au învățat din datele de instruire. Prin urmare, este posibil ca învățarea din urmele digitale ale deciziilor trecute să poată duce la încorporarea prejudecăților invizibile existente în modelele rezultate, perpetuându-le.
IT & C, Volumul 2, Numărul 1, Martie 2023, pp. 41-47
ISSN 2821 – 8469, ISSN – L 2821 – 8469, DOI: 10.58679/IT21269
URL: https://www.internetmobile.ro/riscuri-si-provocari-in-inteligenta-artificiala-cutii-negre-si-actorii-de-amenintare/
EU Clear English Tips for Translators - eBookNicolae Sfetcu
Here are some tips to help translators avoid copying structure and wording from other languages that would be awkward in English.
They should be useful to non-native speakers, but may serve as handy reminders for native speakers too.
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Practici comune pentru limbajul de programare în CNicolae Sfetcu
Odată cu utilizarea pe scară largă, o serie de practici și convenții comune au evoluat pentru a ajuta la evitarea erorilor în programele C. Acestea sunt simultan o demonstrație a aplicării bunelor principii de inginerie software într-un limbaj, și o indicație a limitărilor C. Deși puține sunt utilizate universal, iar unele sunt controversate, fiecare dintre acestea se bucură de o utilizare largă.
IT & C, Volumul 2, Numărul 1, Martie 2023, pp. 30-36
ISSN 2821 – 8469, ISSN – L 2821 – 8469, DOI: 10.58679/IT80750
URL: https://www.internetmobile.ro/practici-comune-pentru-programarea-in-c/
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Revista IT & C este o publicație trimestrială din domeniile tehnologiei informației și comunicații, și domenii conexe de studiu și practică.
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Arhitectura de bază a rețelelor 5G
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ISSN 2821– 8469 ISSN – L 2821 – 8469, DOI: 10.58679/IT55267
EAN , Cod IT23 , ID 32330
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ISSN 2821 – 8469, ISSN – L 2821 – 8469, DOI: 10.58679/IT10117
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La revendication de Hooke sur la loi de la gravitéNicolae Sfetcu
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DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.26375.24485
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Datele trebuie procesate cu instrumente avansate de colectare și analiză, pe baza unor algoritmi prestabiliți, pentru a putea obține informații relevante. Algoritmii trebuie să ia în considerare și aspecte invizibile pentru percepțiile directe. Big Data în procesele guvernamentale cresc eficiența costurilor, productivitatea și inovația. Registrele civile sunt o sursă pentru Big Data. Datele prelucrate ajută în domenii critice de dezvoltare, cum ar fi îngrijirea sănătății, ocuparea forței de muncă, productivitatea economică, criminalitatea, securitatea și gestionarea dezastrelor naturale și a resurselor.
IT & C, Volumul 2, Numărul 1, Martie 2023, pp. 18-22
ISSN 2821 – 8469, ISSN – L 2821 – 8469, DOI: 10.58679/IT91785
URL: https://www.internetmobile.ro/procesarea-big-data/
Corupţia, Globalizarea și NeocolonialismulNicolae Sfetcu
O introducere în conceptele interdependente despre corupţie, globalizare prin instituţiile financiare internaţionale, şi neocolonialism înţeles ca exploatarea resurselor şi materiilor prime a ţărilor sărace şi în curs de dezvoltare de unele mari corporaţii multinaţionale.
Corupţia este atât o cauză majoră cât şi un rezultat al sărăciei în întreaga lume. Ea apare la toate nivelurile societăţii, de la autorităţile locale şi naţionale, la societatea civilă, sistemul judiciar, întreprinderile mari şi mici, unităţile militare, etc. Corupţie sistemică (sau corupţia endemică) este corupţia, care se datorează în primul rând punctelor slabe ale unei organizaţii sau proces. Aceasta poate fi contrastată la funcţionarii sau agenţii individuali corupţi din cadrul sistemului. Factorii care încurajează corupţia sistemică includ stimulente contradictorii, puteri discreţionare, puteri de monopol, lipsa de transparenţă, salarii mici, şi o cultură a impunităţii. printre actele specifice de corupţie se numără luarea de mită, şantaj, şi deturnarea de fonduri, într-un sistem în care corupţia devine regula mai degrabă decât excepţia.
Neocolonialismului este practica de utilizare a capitalismului, globalizării, şi a forţelor culturale, pentru a controla o ţară, în locul unui control direct militar sau politic. Un astfel de control poate fi economic, cultural, sau lingvistic. Societăţile corporative care aparţin culturii impuse pot pătrunde mult mai uşor pe pieţele din aceste ţări. Astfel, neocolonialismului este rezultatul final al unor interese de afaceri sau geopolitice se obţine prin deformarea culturii ţărilor colonizate.
În urma unei ideologii cunoscut sub numele de neoliberalism, şi răspândită de instituţii financiare similare, cunoscută sub numele de "Consensul de la Washington", au fost impuse politici de ajustare structurală pentru a se asigura de rambursarea datoriilor şi restructurarea economică. Dar, în realitate s-a cerut ţărilor sărace să-şi reducă cheltuielile cu sănătatea, educaţia şi dezvoltarea, făcându-se o prioritate din rambursarea datoriilor şi a altor politici economice favorizante pentru ţările dezvoltate.Practic, FMI şi Banca Mondială au cerut ţărilor sărace să reducă nivelul de trai al populaţiei.
Corupţia, crimele de stat corporativ, şi crima organizată, sunt oricum considerate atât crime internaţionale cât şi crime de stat la nivel naţional. În cele mai multe cazuri crima de stat este considerată ca aplicabilă atunci când statul se implică direct în secretomania excesivă şi acoperirea unor activităţi ilegale, dezinformarea, şi o evidenţă financiară superficială sau chiar incorectă (care încurajează evaziunea fiscală în cazul unora din oficialii guvernamentali), reflectănd adesea interesele doar a anumitor clase sociale şi interese de grup, şi încălcând astfel drepturile omului.
Corupţia presupune cel puţin o persoană care corupe, una coruptă, şi o masă mare de păgubiţi inerţi. Vina este a tuturor!
Performanța și standardele rețelelor de telecomunicații 5GNicolae Sfetcu
Pentru măsurarea precisă a performanței 5G se utilizează simulatoare și teste specifice. Inițial, termenul a fost asociat cu standardul IMT-2020 al Uniunii Internaționale de Telecomunicații, care necesita o viteză maximă teoretică de descărcare de 20 gigabiți pe secundă și 10 gigabiți pe secundă viteza de încărcare, împreună cu alte cerințe. Apoi, grupul de standarde industriale 3GPP a ales standardul 5G NR (New Radio) împreună cu LTE ca propunere pentru transmitere la standardul IMT-2020.
IT & C, Volumul 2, Numărul 1, Martie 2023, pp. 13-17
ISSN 2821 – 8469, ISSN – L 2821 – 8469, DOI: 10.58679/IT52354
URL: https://www.internetmobile.ro/performanta-si-standardele-retelelor-de-telecomunicatii-5g/
Intelligence Info, Volumul 2, Numărul 3, Septembrie 2023Nicolae Sfetcu
Revista Intelligence Info este o publicație trimestrială din domeniile intelligence, geopolitică și securitate, și domenii conexe de studiu și practică.
Cuprins:
EDITORIAL
Rolul serviciilor de informații în război, de Nicolae Sfetcu
INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence Analysis, de Nicolae Sfetcu
ISTORIA
Reformele serviciilor secrete de la Mihail Moruzov la Eugen Cristescu, între inovație și decadență, de Rodica Liseanu
Take Ionescu – O biografie vectorială în istoria partidelor politice și în semantica diplomației, de Rodica Liseanu
GEOPOLITICA
Apusul universalismului european, de Lisa-Maria Achimescu
Chinese Hegemony in the Production of Rare Earths, de Emilian M. Dobrescu
România. Între ‘gura de rai’ geografică şi răspântia geopolitică, de Radu Carp
SECURITATE
Schimbarea paradigmelor în mediul internațional de securitate, de Alexandru Cristian
Adevăr și dezinformare în fenomenul OZN, de Dan D. Farcaș
ȘTIINȚA INFORMAȚIEI
Utilizarea analiticii rețelelor sociale în intelligence, de Nicolae Sfetcu
ISSN 2821-8159 ISSN-L 2821-8159, DOI: 10.58679/II30199
EAN , Cod II23 , ID 22330
Intelligence Info (PDF, EPUB, MOBI pentru Kindle) https://www.intelligenceinfo.org/revista/revista-intelligence-info-volumul-2-numarul-3-septembrie-2023/
Ontologii narative în tehnologia blockchainNicolae Sfetcu
Paul Ricoeur a examinat o serie de forme diferite de discurs extins, începând cu discursul metaforic. Discursul narativ este una din formele investigate, configurând concepte eterogene care identifică acțiunile într-un moment în care un lucru se întâmplă nu numai după altceva, ci și din cauza altui lucru dintr-o poveste sau istorie care poate fi urmată. Reformează evenimentele fizice ca evenimente narative, care au sens deoarece spun ceea ce se întâmplă într-o poveste sau într-o istorie. Narațiunile sunt întotdeauna o sinteză a conceptelor eterogene care configurează episoadele povestirii.
IT & C, Volumul 2, Numărul 1, Martie 2023, pp. 7-12
ISSN 2821 – 8469, ISSN – L 2821 – 8469, DOI: 10.58679/IT70323
URL: https://www.internetmobile.ro/ontologii-narative-in-tehnologia-blockchain/
Philosophy of Blockchain Technology - OntologiesNicolae Sfetcu
About the necessity and usefulness of developing a philosophy specific to the blockchain technology, emphasizing on the ontological aspects. After an Introduction that highlights the main philosophical directions for this emerging technology, in Blockchain Technology I explain the way the blockchain works, discussing ontological development directions of this technology in Designing and Modeling. The next section is dedicated to the main application of blockchain technology, Bitcoin, with the social implications of this cryptocurrency. There follows a section of Philosophy in which I identify the blockchain technology with the concept of heterotopia developed by Michel Foucault and I interpret it in the light of the notational technology developed by Nelson Goodman as a notational system. In the Ontology section, I present two developmental paths that I consider important: Narrative Ontology, based on the idea of order and structure of history transmitted through Paul Ricoeur's narrative history, and the Enterprise Ontology system based on concepts and models of an enterprise, specific to the semantic web, and which I consider to be the most well developed and which will probably become the formal ontological system, at least in terms of the economic and legal aspects of blockchain technology. In Conclusions I am talking about the future directions of developing the blockchain technology philosophy in general as an explanatory and robust theory from a phenomenologically consistent point of view, which allows testability and ontologies in particular, arguing for the need of a global adoption of an ontological system for develop cross-cutting solutions and to make this technology profitable.
Inteligența artificială, o provocare esențialăNicolae Sfetcu
Inteligența artificială a progresat până la punctul în care este o componentă esențială în aproape toate sectoarele economiei moderne actuale, cu un impact semnificativ asupra vieții noastre private, sociale și politice. Ea a fost întemeiată pe presupunerea că inteligența umană poate fi descrisă atât de precis încât să poată fi făcută o mașină să o simuleze. Acest lucru ridică argumente filozofice despre minte și etica creării de ființe artificiale înzestrate cu inteligență asemănătoare omului. Inteligența artificială sunt o sursă a unui set complet nou de probleme de explicabilitate, responsabilitate și încredere.
IT & C, Volumul 2, Numărul 1, Martie 2023, pp. 3-6
ISSN 2821 – 8469, ISSN – L 2821 – 8469, DOI: 10.58679/IT30677
URL: https://www.internetmobile.ro/inteligenta-artificiala-o-provocare-esentiala/
Ghidul de faţă se bazează în general pe ghidul în limba engleză „How to write clearly”, aducând o serie de recomandări specifi ce redactării textelor în limba română.
https://www.telework.ro/ro/e-books/ghid-ue-pentru-traduceri/
Activitatea de intelligence – Ciclul intelligenceNicolae Sfetcu
David Singer afirmă că, în prezent, amenințarea constituie principalul obiectiv al agențiilor de informații. Activitatea de informații poate fi considerată ca fiind procesul prin care anumite tipuri de informații sunt solicitate, colectate, analizate și diseminate, și modul în care sunt concepute și desfășurate anumite tipuri de acțiuni secrete. Ciclul intelligence reprezintă un set de procese utilizate pentru a furniza informații utile în luarea deciziilor. Ciclul constă din mai multe procese. Domeniul conex al contrainformațiilor este însărcinat cu împiedicarea eforturilor informative ale altora.
INTELLIGENCE INFO, Volumul 2, Numărul 1, Martie 2023, pp. 34-40
ISSN 2821 – 8159, ISSN – L 2821 – 8159, DOI: 10.58679/II18551
URL: https://www.intelligenceinfo.org/activitatea-de-intelligence-ciclul-intelligence/
Cunoașterea Științifică, Volumul 2, Numărul 3, Septembrie 2023Nicolae Sfetcu
Revista Cunoașterea Științifică este o publicație trimestrială din domeniile științei și filosofiei, și domenii conexe de studiu și practică.
Cuprins:
EDITORIAL
Știința schimbărilor climatice, de Nicolae Sfetcu
ȘTIINȚE NATURALE
Interactions between the brain, the biofields, and the physical, de Adrian Klein și Robert Neil Boyd
The Psycho-Neural Connectivity, de Adrian Klein
ȘTIINȚE SOCIALE
School dropout rate in Romania, de Alexandra Mocanu
Ipoteza hipercivilizațiilor, de Dan D. Farcas
The Importance of the Rare Earths for the World Economy, de Emilian M. Dobrescu
Puteri emergente şi noile paradigme în mediul internațional de securitate, de Alexandru Cristian
Models of Emotional Intelligence in Research and Education, de Nicolae Sfetcu
Cultura anime în România, de Alexandra Mocanu
ȘTIINȚE FORMALE
Etica în inteligența artificială: provocări și perspective, de Sebastian Bidașcă
FILOSOFIE
Portretul biblic al unicornilor și paranoia fără fundamente privind seria „My Little Pony”, de Valentina-Andrada Minea
Materialism şi realitatea esteticii: Argumente şi contraargumente la scrisorile lui Friedrich Schiller privind educaţia estetică a omului (1/3), de Petru Ababii
Unele aspecte ale filosofiei lui Albert Einstein și Henri Bergson, timpul şi paradoxul lui Zenon în viziune critică nonsofisticată, de Petru Ababii
RECENZII CĂRȚI
Humanism, Becoming and the Demiurge in The Adventures of Pinocchio, de Nicolae Sfetcu
ISSN 2821-8086 ISSN-L 2821-8086, DOI: 10.58679/CS90773
EAN 725657205492, Cod CS23P , ID 12330
Cunoașterea Științifică (PDF, EPUB, MOBI pentru Kindle) https://www.cunoasterea.ro/revista/revista-cunoasterea-stiintifica-volumul-2-numarul-3-septembrie-2023/
Manual pentru începători pentru întreţinerea şi depanarea calculatoarelor, cu o introducere în noţiuni de calculatoare, hardware, software (inclusiv sisteme de operare) şi securitatea pe Internet.
Un calculator de uz general are patru componente principale: unitatea logică aritmetică (ALU), unitatea de control, memoria, şi dispozitive de intrare şi ieşire (denumite colectiv I/O). Aceste piese sunt interconectate prin bus-uri, de multe ori făcut din grupuri de fire.
Caracteristica definitorie a computerelor moderne, care le distinge de toate celelalte maşini, este că acestea pot fi programate. Asta presupune că un anumit tip de instrucţiuni (program) poate fi implementat în calculator, care le va procesa. Calculatoare moderne, bazate pe arhitectura von Neumann, au adesea codul maşină în forma unui limbaj de programare imperativ.
Drobeta Turnu Severin Heavy Water Plant: ConstructionNicolae Sfetcu
The heavy water plant was established under the name of Combinatul Chimic Drobeta, by Decree 400/16.11.1979, under the Inorganic Products Industrial Center (CIPA) Râmnicu Vâlcea. The thermo-electric plant for supplying the heavy water factory with steam was decided to be located in Halânga village, three kilometers from the factory. The process water required for the factory was brought from the Danube, and the hydrogen sulphide used in the process was produced in the plant, through a specific technology, and then compressed, liquefied and stored in special tanks. The works on the heavy water factory at Drobeta Turnu Severin started in 1979, based on a derogatory HCM. The equipment for the heavy water plant was purchased through the Industrial Center for Chemical and Refinery Equipment (CIUTCR). All equipment and facilities that transported hydrogen sulphide had to meet strict quality assurance conditions.
CUNOAȘTEREA ȘTIINȚIFICĂ, Volumul 2, Numărul 1, Martie 2023, pp. 39-44
ISSN 2821 – 8086, ISSN – L 2821 – 8086, DOI: 10.58679/CS96723
URL: https://www.cunoasterea.ro/drobeta-turnu-severin-heavy-water-plant-construction/
Din punct de vedere metodologic, atât Newton cât și Einstein, și ulterior Dirac, au susținut fără rezerve principiul simplității matematice în descoperirea noilor legi fizice ale naturii. Lor li s-au alăturat și Poincaré și Weyl. Eduard Prugovecki afirmă că gravitația cuantică a impus luarea în considerare a unor întrebări epistemologice fundamentale, care pot fi identificate în filosofie cu problema minții-corp și cu problema liberului arbitru. Aceste întrebări au influențat epistemologia mecanicii cuantice sub forma “paralelismului psiho-fizic” al lui von Neumann și analiza ulterioară a tezei de către Wigner că “colapsul pachetului de unde” are loc în mintea “observatorului”.
CUNOAȘTEREA ȘTIINȚIFICĂ, Volumul 2, Numărul 1, Martie 2023, pp. 20-38
ISSN 2821 – 8086, ISSN – L 2821 – 8086, DOI: 10.58679/CS96800
URL: https://www.cunoasterea.ro/epistemologia-gravitatiei-cuantice/
Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
Youngest c m in India- Pema Khandu BiographyVoterMood
Pema Khandu, born on August 21, 1979, is an Indian politician and the Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh. He is the son of former Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh, Dorjee Khandu. Pema Khandu assumed office as the Chief Minister in July 2016, making him one of the youngest Chief Ministers in India at that time.
13062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
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Essential Tools for Modern PR Business .pptxPragencyuk
Discover the essential tools and strategies for modern PR business success. Learn how to craft compelling news releases, leverage press release sites and news wires, stay updated with PR news, and integrate effective PR practices to enhance your brand's visibility and credibility. Elevate your PR efforts with our comprehensive guide.
2. REVISTA CUNOAȘTEREA ȘTIINȚIFICĂ
2
The Security Management System from the Perspective of
the Global Energy Crisis and the Extended Black Sea
Region Escalating Conflict
Drd. Daniela Georgiana GOLEA (National Intelligence Academy ”Mihai Viteazul”), Dr.
Andreea Florina RADU (Babes Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca), Col (r ) Dr. Tiberiu TĂNASE
Rezumat
Mediul de securitate contemporan suferă mutații din ce în ce mai imprevizibile, și pe scena
internațională pare a apare tendința unui conflict care amenință să izbucnească în orice moment,
devenind un conflict deschis, violent și capabil să se răspândească rapid peste tot; deși timp de
decenii sursa conflictului părea a fi regiunea Orientului Mijlociu, mai recent, această sursă de
conflicte globale pare să se deplaseze puțin mai spre nord, ajungând în Regiunea Extinsă a Mării
Negre (EBSR). Aparent, în EBSR sunt marile resurse fosile care vor fi importante odată ce
bazinele de petrol/gaz din Orientul Mijlociu vor fi epuizate. Momentul epuizării resurselor fosile
din Orientul Mijlociu nu este prea departe. EBSR va deveni centrul de interes global și această
mutare a sursei globale de conflict în regiunea Mării Negre duce la necesitatea dezvoltării unor
modele noi și speciale de management al securității naționale. Dar în ce direcție? Această întrebare,
printre altele, atrage atenția cercetării științifice în acest important domeniu al securității. Primul
scop ar putea fi doar aflarea adevărului, pentru că numai pe baza adevărului putem dezvolta
modelul adecvat de management.
Cuvinte cheie: regiunea extinsă a Mării Negre, sistemul de management al securității, criza
din Ucraina, criza energetică globală, resurse fosile
Abstract
The contemporary security environment has increasingly unpredictable mutations and the
international scene seems to be gripped by a conflict that threatens to erupt at any moment,
becoming an open conflict, violent and able to spread quickly everywhere; although for decades
the source of conflict appeared to be the Middle East region, more recently, this source of global
4. REVISTA CUNOAȘTEREA ȘTIINȚIFICĂ
4
Russia’s tough (military) reply for the purposes of recovering its territories, which entered
the American sphere of influence overnight, aroused the concern of Germany – the great European
political and military power of the moment. It has considered appropriate to approach EBSR to
monitor the developments as close as possible. Such a situation has generated Germany’s sudden
interest in Romania, a state that Germany otherwise had no close relations with after the majority
of German communities in Romania have completely deserted this territory since the 90s.
In 2012, it was remarkable Germany’s sudden interest in involving in regional issues,
aiming both Romania and the Republic of Moldavia, clearly supporting the unification of the two
states within the Extended Black Sea Region framework.
As the global conflict deepened and moved its centre of gravity in EBSR, thus including
the reawakening of old intentions of world hegemony and even a partially return to the context of
the Cold War, the US has launched an intense propaganda campaign against Russia, based on ideas
and already worn arguments in previous conflicts such as the first or the second Gulf War. Yet the
current public opinion has recently proved less sensitive to handling these manipulating
campaigns, being rather sceptical to this conflict.
The security management issue has lately become more and more complicated in the
context of the leadership of the national security system, which tends to be commissioned by
influences that have nothing to do with the nation concept and the Romanian state anymore. In this
situation the best option we have is to examine the elements of regional and global security scene,
with greatest concern, in order to identify the basics which might help us define the new concept
of national security management.
2. RUSSIAN VS. UKRAINIAN STANDPOINT
In recent months, anyone trying to remind their fellows the historical truth related to
Ukraine comes to be considered a Russophile, unfoundedly. Any historian or scientist, in general,
who would try to call the public attention to the way in which Ukraine was founded and especially
to its territorial or population composition it is immediately put to the wall and labelled as pro-
Russian. Therefore: is historical truth a pro-Russian matter?
The scientists’ world should not have to do with propaganda-related services affiliated to
political circles nor should allow the infiltration of such services in scientific activities. These
activities must be kept relatively independent, unaltered by the interferences of propaganda
5. THE SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
5
services and meant to continue searching for the truth, by the use of objective mechanisms specific
to scientific research and knowledge. The ultimate goal of scientific work is to demonstrate (solely
in order to respect the truth and preserving the objectivity and not support a specific interest) with
sufficient and relevant arguments and evidence, that there is a certain state of affairs but also to
explain phenomena and processes which led to the present context, predicting the ways in which
the situation may evolve and opinions on the artificial intervention on it.
Figure 1 Romania together with the fragments that build the current Ukrainian state
If scientific research is not let to operate normally, then:
• researchers will be unable to access the actual data of the problem or will be prevented to
appropriately process these data in order to obtain accurate results;
• even if scientific research would be successfully conducted, its results could be deterred by
being published or disseminated through different channels, thus information being
transformed into knowledge;
• scientific research overlaps over the noise made by propagandists, who almost obsessively
repeat the same ideas hoping to convince and manipulate the audience; generally, if we
talk about propaganda, they are looking to identify the weaknesses (at emotional level) of
the target audience, in order to outbid exactly the ideas which emotionally might easily
influence people; in the same time, while authentic scientific research is completely
indifferent to affective issues and it does not seek to alter the results as they wish (or not)
to the public; this makes the overall perception of scientific research results by the public
to be less important than how the same public would perceive the ideas transmitted by
6. REVISTA CUNOAȘTEREA ȘTIINȚIFICĂ
6
propaganda, which is much closer to the affective forum, generally seeking to convey
exactly what the public wants to hear;
• the results of scientific research might often not coincide with the declared political goals,
so that these results will be denied by state representatives who can often ridicule or belittle
them in other ways.
Figure 1 presents some torn (by territorial rapt) from Poland, a part of Slovakia, two pieces
of Romania, a part of southern Belarus (by administrative-territorial divisions within USSR) part
of western Russia and Crimea (in 1954). From the territorial point of view Ukraine is an almost
inexistent state, that may crumble any time under the claims of the true owners of all these
territories: Russians, Poles, Romanians, Slovaks, Byelorussians.
To get objective results, driven by reality and in order to identify the best option of
collecting and processing actual data, it is necessary to observe above all a series of aspects of the
actual situation, eliminating any propaganda interference, as such:
• currently, Russia is subjected to a multidimensional aggression carried out mainly on
political, military, imago-logical, psychological, propaganda, economic dimensions;
propaganda presents Russia as an aggressor, while in reality this federation of states is
simply defending its territory and interests;
• as in the revolutionary events in Timisoara during 17-19.12.1989, in Ukraine (2014) we
had to deal with the coordinated activity of various groups of agitators (specialists in
research-diversion) who created and maintained a series of street disturbances that led in a
rather suspicious manner to the removal, in fact unlawful, by unconstitutional aggressive
mechanisms, of the president Viktor Fedorovich Yanukovich;
• relative to Ukraine’s total population, the support of Pyotr Alekseyevici Poroșenko’s so-
called revolutionary political regime is actually less than 4-5%; otherwise, Poroshenko is
not a politician in every sense of the word, but, in reality, he is a businessman (billionaire),
acting on typical business environment (E.g.: the pursuit of profit, hedge techniques, protection of
own businesses and promoting them through political leverage );
• there is no Ukrainian state itself; nor ever; and this is because the two main attributes of
statehood are missing, namely: territory and nation, and in the alternative, the cultural
identity and a language of its own; Ukraine is a kind of Republic of Moldavia at a larger
scale; Ukrainian territory is made of pieces plucked either by force (from other states) or
by administrative-territorial division (within the USSR) consisting basically of a piece of
southern Belarus, a piece of south-western Russia (including Crimea), a piece of Poland,
several fragments of Romania, a small piece of Hungary and one of Slovakia: there is not
a territorial identity of a Ukrainian state;
• also, there is virtually no Ukrainian people, the Ukrainian territory being inhabited by a
variegated, heterogeneous mixture, composed of Russians (the largest proportion), of
Belarus, Cossacks (Tatars), Polish, Romanians, Gagauzs (Turkish), Khazars (Hebrew),
Hungarians and Gypsies; there is no cultural identity of Ukraine and no Ukrainian language
itself: (just like the Moldavian language across the Prut, which is a regional form of
Romanian language, the Ukrainian language is a form of Russian language, not very
different from this obviously;
7. THE SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
7
Figure 2 – Historical Map of Ukraine – territories annexed, when and by whom (sources
https://www.globalresearch.ca/who-are-the-ukrainians/5627413)
• the real challenge of the Ukrainian conflict is the huge pool of oil in EBSR; we have to
remember that a few years ago NATO tried to co-opt states (from EBSR) like Georgia,
Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan: the reaction of the Russians back then was immediate and firm;
not being able to “touch” these states, NATO turned its attention to Ukraine;
• such confrontations on EBSR related to petroleum basins in the Middle East are about to
be exhausted in a not too distant future; the next mankind’s accessible big pool (not
exploited yet) of fossil fuels is EBSR, in this respect Romania being a sort of Kuwait (that
is a small country, without military power, but well placed geographically) in this new oil
area of the world;
• in this situation, the US (NATO) are directing their attention to the new main oil area of the
mankind: the Turks are in NATO but are increasingly independent and hostile to Israel and
the US, Turkey being currently subjected to a slow process of Islamization and a gradual
abandonment of secular regime; the southern Black Sea has little exploitable oil areas, which
are located more toward the North and East of the Black Sea Basin; therefore they cannot
rely on Turkey, although it has a large part of the geographical region of the Black Sea;
• in the coming years we might witness a strong statement from Russia by which it will seek
to arouse nationalist and separatist feelings of the Romanian and Gagauz minorities of
Ismail and Cahul lands (the Romanian area occupied illicitly by Ukraine) so that this region
becomes a new conflict zone located further south of Transnistria; uniting these new
secessionist areas with Transnistria (where the strong 14th
Russian Army was deployed)
could create a bridgehead between Crimea and the mouths of the Danube, thus the Russian
military wall would close entirely the access to the so-called Ukraine Sate to the Black Sea,
therefore to the most important sources of gas and oil;
8. REVISTA CUNOAȘTEREA ȘTIINȚIFICĂ
8
• in view of this scenario, Russia could end up having the border (forcibly, not officially)
directly with Romania and may have easy military access to the mouth of the Danube, at
which point it will have a word to say to the EU (Largely dependent on the Russian energy policy
and on the Chinese labour force);
• in terms of propaganda, psychologically and imagological, the Russian Orthodox Church
(and the Romanian one) will likely play an increasingly important role; that is why lately,
the clergy has been heavily infiltrated by agents specialized in psychological operations;
Russia will set himself up as the standard bearer of Orthodoxy "against the pagan beast"
and will earn a great deal of sympathy even from the Romanian population, otherwise
traditionally hostile to Russia; the military conflict will gradually seek to acquire a religious
coloratura too, not because it would be so in essence, but because it will be deliberately
pursued;
• as the Russians almost certainly seek to control the Danube’s thread, a commercial
thoroughfare of immense economic importance to the EU, a turnaround is expected in
Romania, created by the (re)activation of the strong Russian networks infiltrated at
different levels (politicians and military, as well as a large number of military special forces
hiding among the population) and thus very hard to identify; worth mentioning is that
Russia has a whole 5th
column of V buried, hibernated, but always apt to be (re)activated
in Romania; moreover, since 1994/1995, Russia has funded and trained armed secessionist
groups within the Hungarian minority in Harghita and Covasna regions; in this regard, it
will not be difficult for the Russians to establish the bridgehead between Crimea and the
mouth of the Danube, they already having the strong 14th
Army deployed there; then, by
(re)activating the hibernating structures in Romania will probably regain the political
control in Romania and thereby the control over the course of the Danube; such a scenario
would involve abandoning the current state of passivity of Russian structures in Romania,
which are currently in a sort of contemplating the actions taken by the Germans in
Romania; in this context, a German minority leader as president and supreme commander
of the Romanian armed forces represents an extra EU-safety warranty”;
• with Bulgaria and Serbia, the Russians will not have problems because these countries
(slave) are easily to win on their side and are generally hostile to the US;
• according to some scenarios, it is legally possible to remove the Romanian president; such
a scenario could envisage for example that at a certain moment a terrorist attack takes place
on the Romanian territory (whether is real or not, one carefully directed and simulated) that
would legitimize the measure of the Romanian Parliament to change over to the plan of
partial mobilization in Romania, for a limited time, perhaps six months; legally, through
mobilization (partial) the full levers of power will pass into the hands of the Parliament,
which will control the army and the latter will garner the executive and judicial (court
martial) the mechanisms of democratic state law being suspended during mobilization; for
such a scenario to be put into practice would not only need an event to shock the public
opinion and to give the Parliament the legal reason or pretext even of passing to the Partial
Mobilization Plan (Politicians and military, as well as a large number of military special
forces hiding among the population);
But who (in Romania) to adopt such a firm position or to resort to such harsh measures?
Clearly, then, that such interventions, currently, cannot come but from or to the initiative of
external forces.
9. THE SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
9
3. THE NATIONAL SECURITY MANAGEMENT IN THE NEW REGIONAL
CONTEXT
Undoubtedly, in the context in which the system management is made up of foreigners,
possibly controlled or at least influenced by external interests and forces completely foreign to
Romania, the national security management becomes very difficult.
In this context, the establishment of a management model that is favourable to Romania’s
interests becomes a very delicate task, and somehow impossible to achieve. It still remains the task
of evaluating, at least theoretically, in the event of a regional or major global crises, what we could
undertake before the situation escalates. No doubt, Romania will have to (re)consider different
scenarios regarding such potential crises, seeking possible solutions of extracting itself from the
conflict zone and preserving a state of security. It is clear from the outset that any management
issue is related to the science (and art) of management. Until we get into details of management
issues (most of them, administrative), we have to clarify by means of managerial mechanisms the
core issue of the management system. In the case of Romania's national security system, this
problem turns out to be very complicated from the start, getting us to a series of sensitive issues.
If we refer to the aim to develop a management system appropriate to the actual state of
play, from the outset starting from reality, we will need to review a number of things we have to
take into consideration:
• Romania is a NATO member state and from this perspective, at least theoretically, nothing
can or should compel Romania to participate in an action or take part in a conflict if it
harms national interests and enhances unnecessarily the risks to the state security;
• one of Romania’s most important security needs is to establish good relations with all
Romanian communities outside the current national boundaries (the diaspora), actively and
regularly participating to support the movements of affirmation of national identity within
those communities; the Romanian state should not accept anything that would harm the
interests of Romanian communities/territories currently under foreign influence;
• one of the directives of the national security policy must be that of non-involvement of
Romania in conflicts that do not concern its direct interests or even NATO’s interests, treated
as a unitary political-military organization and thus, not reduced to the level of a single member
state’s interest (USA, for instance);
• putting the national security management system under permanent verification in order to
remove foreign influences from Romania’s national interests, an aim which is becoming
more and more difficult to achieve if the key functions of this mechanism are more and more
occupied by foreign nationals, persons who are legally and naturally responsible to other
services than the national ones; it is not for the first time in the Romanian history when the
leadership was carried out by foreigners and historical experience has shown that such
10. REVISTA CUNOAȘTEREA ȘTIINȚIFICĂ
10
regimes could give good results if and only if they are controlled and influenced by
Romanian political circles able to constantly identify and pursue national interests;
• a very important aspect is thus the establishment of some organizations at civil society
level, which should be detached from partisan influences and outside the political arena
funding mechanisms; a good starting point for this is the model of the Solidarity trade
union from Poland (in the 80s), which started from a union (professional organization
aimed at protecting the rights of working people) and turned itself by merging with other
similar organizations into a large national organization that brought together almost all
fields of activity; it is very important in the current context, that population of Romanian
nationality unite in trade unions independent from those politically controlled, so that only
Romanian communities will have representatives through which they can promote their
interests and wishes at the highest level;
• another important aspect which is indirectly linked to the national security management
system (or the control over this leadership) is the filtering of data and factual and useful
information, and providing of correct and timely information flow, disseminating it to as
large as possible circles of people, thus information processing becoming useful knowledge
to training experience; for this it would be necessary to establish, at the same time with the
organization mentioned above, of some magazines/publications (in printed or electronic
versions) in order to ensure the continuous transparency of the organization's activity and
in the same time to inform the population about measures taken so far or other foreseen
projects;
• the above mentioned is important in this context where at present, in fact, all mass media
means in Romania are under foreign influence, in other words, the Romanians have
virtually no mass media (written or television) that represent their full and impartial
interests, except theoretically the national television, but this, by law, is politically
controlled by the Romanian state leadership.
All aspects emphasized lead to the need of managerial reconfiguration of the security
system in terms of the need to urgently ensure a means of control over the activity of foreign
citizens who have access to the Romanian state leadership. This is especially true when we find a
sharp drop in the capability of the Parliament to meet these needs.
4. POSSIBLE EVOLUTIONS OF THE CONFLICT SCENE
Currently it is very difficult for anyone in Romania to adopt a firm political stand in the
regional conflict in EBSR, where on either side of the barricade there are no forces amicable to
Romania. On one side, there are the American interests (indifferent to Romania’s interests and
much more) and on the other hand there are the Russian interests, who had always territorial claims
over small countries in Eastern Europe, as well as claims of a hegemony world. Over these comes
China's emerging power, which makes the overall situation become even more sensitive.
The general framework reminds us of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878: our interest
back then was to throw out the Turks, but once the Russians entered the Romanian territory, they
11. THE SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
11
did not want to leave anymore. Only the firm intervention of the Western Europe powers, in 1878,
(geared especially by France in these diplomatic efforts) made the Tsarist Russia in the end to
accept the withdrawal of its army from the territory of the Romanian Principalities and later the
return to Bucharest of the Romanian government sent initially in exile.
Romania could take advantage of the sensitive Russian-American and even of the Russian-
EU relations to promote more loyal Romanians at the leadership of the state apparatus. Yet, it is
unlikely that this action will be easily accepted by the Russians, who (like the USA), have no
interest that the Romanians govern themselves.
In this context it becomes very difficult for a Romanian to adopt a firm position of political
(and military) support of any of the foreign forces which are currently arguing in silence
(thankfully) the hegemony over Romania. Depending on the concrete manner in which the conflict
between the Russians and EU-USA develop, the Romanians could work towards the removal of
foreign political regime influence.
5. CONCLUSIONS
For the time being, for Romania it would be best that balance of the conflict of hegemony
does not move too much in one direction or another. If the "front line" in the battle for regional
hegemony will be stabilized over the territory of Ukraine (making Romania a buffer zone with a
no-man's land regime), then it could be possible to create favourable prerequisites for imposing a
political regime of its own and release the Romanian state apparatus from foreign political
influences.
In this context, Romania should give more importance at developing special armed forces,
characterized by a great capacity for self-supporting and specialized in operations specific to
resistance war and subversive operations. (The Special Purpose Forces - following the Soviet
model of SPEŢNAZ- Войска специального назначения ) (Cozma, 2015).
Additionally, it is very important for Romania to develop technologies specific to
unconventional (non-NBC) and asymmetric war, based on hybrid forms of fight. Therefore, the
research-development activity conducted within the National Defence University, National
Intelligence Agency, the Military Technical Academy and the Academies corresponding to force
categories should focus their capacities also in this direction.
12. REVISTA CUNOAȘTEREA ȘTIINȚIFICĂ
12
With reduced number of soldiers and atypical endowments, of non-NBC unconventional
armaments (infra- and ultrasonic, subliminal, electromagnetic, geophysical weapons etc.) and also
using groups of combat forces composed of fighters without uniform, insignia and weapons in sight,
applying guerrilla and specific subversive activities tactics. The establishment of these troops may
be done by benefiting from the needs of the context (countering terrorism, the need to combat
organized crime, the emergence of new and atypical hybrid challenges etc.) and using these needs
as the motivation to build armed forces actually intended to resistance fight and, in general, to special
warfare actions. Once (re)established, they would not be under the direct control of any foreign
political and military forces or under the Russian control, but with its own command and control
system.
It is hard to say at the moment what exactly should compose this system of command and
control, so as to be nearly neutral to the political regime of the state and therefore, as little affected
as possible by the political decisions at central level. These task forces destined to resistance fight
must have their own leadership bodies, unaffected by the political leadership of the state and able
to remain untouched even in case of foreign occupation. So that, in any situation the Romanian
state would find itself, such forces would unalterable be able to ensure the continuity of armed
resistance, the combat actions necessary for the conservation of the national territory and defence
of the interests of the nation.
In the current political-military context, more and more complex, virtually Romania is seen
caught in the clash between the world superpowers disputing their hegemony, the contact line
currently being placed just near the geographical position of our country. It is absolutely crucial
that by our actions we act in such a manner that the front line does not overlap exactly over
Romania’s territory but is kept to the east, over Ukraine (where it actually finds itself at present).
For this, a model for security management must be developed, so that it provides new forms
of control over the management activity of this system.
In this paper, we have provided some recommendations on possible solutions to be
analyzed in this area, but there are certainly also other solutions that we have not reviewed. As
regards the national defence, in our view, we could be able to count only partly on NATO forces
intervention, but primarily on a local military force specialized in conducting resistance fight,
especially urban guerrilla. Traditionally, Romania has passed through such a similar situation,
especially after the political and military measures during 1968-1969 and the legislative changes
13. THE SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
13
(on defence and security) since the early 70s of the last century. But such forces were generally
(and erroneously) deconstructed after December 1989. So, it has probably arrived the moment to
restore them in a form, adapted to the current context and to the modern technologies.
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