3. NEUROTROPHINS.
Proteins which provide trophic support to
the neurons.
Promote nerve growth & survival.
Play role in NEURONAL PLASTICITY.
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4. NEUROTROPHINS.
A member of a family of small secreted
protein known as Neurotrophins that
function as a Signaling molecule.
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7. TRANSPORT
Produced by
various structure
innervated by
neuron
Bind to receptor
at nerve ending.
Internalize by
Endocytosis.
Transported by
retrograde
axoplasmic flow
In cell body increase production
of proteins associated with
neuronal development, growth &
survival
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8. NEUROTROPHIN RECEPTORS
Each neurotrophin can signal through two
different types of cell surface receptor
Trk receptor -Tyrosine kinases
p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR).
Transmembrane receptor, also known as TNFRSF16.
a member of the tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) death-
receptor family.
9. NEUROTROPHIN RECEPTORS
The ratio of receptors is
important in dictating
the numbers of
surviving cells.
Interactions between
p75 and Trk receptors
provide greater
discrimination between
different neurotrophins.
11. NERVE GROWTH FACTORS.
First neurotrophins recognized.
Promotes growth of sympathetic nerves and
sensory nerves.
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12. HISTORY.
1986.
Rita Levi-Montalcini
& stanley cohen
Idenfied NGF.
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13. RITA LEVI-MONTALCINI
& STANLEY COHEN
They demonstrated that number of nerve cells
produced in the embryo could be influenced by
antigen (NGF) obtained from mouse tumour cell
culture.
Picked up by axon terminal of growing motor
neurons
Prevents apoptosis.
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14. NERVE GROWTH
FACTOR….WHAT IS IT?
These are naturally occurring essential biological
mediators that promotes cell growth, differentiation,
survival and function in specific nerve cell population
A proteins that causes developing cells to grow by
stimulating surrounding nerve tissue.
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15. IN FETUS.
Embryonic development of sensory neurons
and sympathetic ganglia (NGF &
Neurotrophin -3)
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16. STRUCTURE.
Made up of 2α, 2β and 2γ subunits.
α subunits – trypsin like activity
β subunit similar to insulin.
γ subunit are serine proteases.
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17. RECEPTORS & ACTION
Mainly Trk A
(Tyrosine kinase
activity A)
Also present in brain
& responsible for
growth & maintenance
of of cholinergic
neurons in basal
forebrain & striatum.
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22. CILIARY NEUROTROPHIC
FACTORS.
Produced by Schwann cells and Astrocytes
Plays a growth promoting role in lesioned &
embryonic spinal cord neurons.
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24. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
NGF prevents or reduces neuronal degeneration
in neurodegerative diseases .
NGF promotes peripheral nerve regeneration in rats.
The expression of NGF is increased in inflammatory diseases
where it suppresses inflammation.
NGF appears to promote myelin repair. Hence NGF may be
useful for the treatment of multiple sclerosis .
NGF could also be involved in various psychiatric disorders ,
such as dementia, depression, schizophrenia, autism, Rett
syndrome, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa
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25. CYTOKINES.
Small protein molecules which acts like a
hormone to regulate immune response.
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26. PRODUCTION.
Produced not only by lymphocytes &
macrophages but also by endothelial cells,
neuroglial cells
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29. LOCAL EFFECTS.
Act in autocrine or
paracrine manner
through specific
receptors.
Superfamily includes
receptors of
Cytokines
Haemopoietic growth
factor
Prolactin
Growth hormone
Tuesday, December 6, 2022