kidney

1. NUR FARRA NAJWA BINTI ABDUL
AZIM
082015100035

2.  By the end of the seminar students should be
able to
 Know what is acute kidney failure
 Understand what is the etiology of acute kidney
failure
 Know the feature of acute kidney failura
 List the treatments of acute kidney failure

3.  Renal failure is the
failure of kidney
function to or loss of
kidney function leads
to decrease in urine
output
 May develop over
periods of days to
years
Acute
Reversible
Sudden,
Days or
weeks
Reduced
urine
production

4. PRE-
RENAL
- Hypovolemia
-Artherosclerosis
-Stenosis
-Ischemia
RENAL
- SLE
-Infection
-Drugs
-Inflammation
POST-
RENAL
-Benign
prostatic
hyperplasia
-Kidney stone
-Sudden
injury

6. VASCULAR
-Endothelial
dysfunction
-Adhering of
inflammed cell
TUBULAR
-Obstruction
-Clot

7.  Oliguric
 Hyperkalemia
 Dilutional hyponatremia
 Metabolic acidosis
 Hypocalcemia
 Uremic feature
 Anorexia
 Nausea
 Lethargy
 Apathy
 Coma
 Confused
 Muscle twitching
 Hiccough

10.  Calcium gloconate
 Insulin, glucose solution + sodium bicarbonate
 Blood @ plasma @ isotonic saline infusion
 Isotonic sodium bicarbonate infusion
 Fluid intake = urine output
 Post renal cause (surgery)
 Controlled infection
 Hemodialysis

11.  Define
 Etilogy
 Features
 Treatments

12.  Textbook Of Medical Physiology, GK Pal