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OpenHistoricalMap:
Mapping History in New York
Richard Welty
Background
• OpenHistoricalMap is an OpenStreetMap side
project
• more than 10 years old
• Uses same Data Schema and APIs as
OpenStreetMap
• Has its own time-sensitive rendering engine
Background
• Currently organized as a Charter Project of
OpenStreetMap US
• Fundraising through OSM US (a 501(c)3)
• Open Data
• Current License philosophy is mixed
• We encourage uploads with CC0 (public domain
equivalent)
• ODbL for overall database is probably inevitable
Background
• Still a lot of experimentation going on
• How to represent change in the OSM schema
• How to represent imprecision and
incomplete knowledge
Lower Manhattan
• Well known that there is a lot of
fi
ll
• But how much
fi
ll?
• Project: map evolving coastline
Lower Manhattan
Lower Manhattan
Time
• We would like to think we can document
speci
fi
c dates and times
• But we often can’t
• Our data is frequently point-in-time
• That is, a map or aerial image shows when
something exists (or doesn’t exist)
• Old documents may be missing
Time
• OpenStreetMap is not very concerned with time
• pretty relentlessly about now
• has a start_date tag but not a lot else
Time
• OpenHistoricalMap is all about time
• Provision for both start and end dates for
entities
• OHM is adapting Extended Date Time Format
• EDTF is a standard derived from ISO 8601
• It can describe imprecision and uncertainty
Life Cycle
• Life Cycle goes hand in hand with time
• Highways and Roads
• change route
• are renamed
• change in importance
Life Cycle
• Buildings
• change usage
• are recon
fi
gured
• are renamed
Semantic Network
• OpenStreetMap uses relations for grouping
• OpenHistoricalMap leans very heavily into
relations
• representing entities across life cycle
• abstract meta data from geometry
• facilitate cross linking to the wikimedia
complex (wikipedia, wikidata, etc.)
Harmony Mill
• Textile Mill in Cohoes NY, built during the
Industrial Revolution
• Repurposed more than once during its
existence
• https://www.openhistoricalmap.org/
#map=17/42.78093/-73.70414&layers=O&da
te=1930-12-17&daterange=1923-01-01,202
3-12-31
Boutique Mapping vs
Mapping at Scale
• Most mappers are engaged in small scale,
focused projects
• OHM is open to well considered, well vetted
bulk imports
• but data quality is critical
• OHM will be sparse without imports
Potential Imports
• Historical Boundaries
• from European Settlement
• Native peoples
• Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps
• Historical coastlines and water features
• Sourcing and Licensing?
1964 World’s Fair
Historic Sports Venues
Historic Sports Venues
Historic Sports Venues
Historic Sports Venues
Ghost Tracks
• Historic Motor Racing venues, now gone
• New York has many, many Ghost Tracks
• Vanderbilt Cup Races
• early Watkins Glen
• Bridgehampton
• huge numbers of small dirt oval tracks
Vanderbilt Cup Races
• Originated on Long Island in 1904
• Initially used public roads (1904-1906)
• Safety when racing on public roads has
“issues”
• http://www.na-motorsports.com/test/VC.html
Long Island Motor
Parkway
• William K. Vanderbilt Jr’s half a solution to the
public road problem with racing
• Important step in the evolution of highways
• All concrete, grade separated toll road
• Parts are extant today
• 1906-7 Vanderbilt Cup races used it for one
leg of the race
Long Island Motor
Parkway
Vanderbilt Cup Races
Watkins Glen
• 1948: Automotive road racing returns to the
US after WWII
• Lessons about racing safety on public roads
evidently forgotten
• After the 1952 accident killed and injured
spectators there would be new courses with
improved safety
• www.na-motorsports.com/test/Watkins.html
NYC Water System
NYC Water System
NYC Water System
NYC Water System
NYC Water System
NYS Canal System
NYS Canal System
NYS Canal System
1952 Aerial Pass
https://mapwarper.net/layers/1186
NYS Canal System
• How the Barge Canal changed everything
• https://www.openhistoricalmap.org/
#map=14/42.7996/-73.6917&layers=O&dat
e=1977-11-10&daterange=1830-01-01,20
23-12-31
Historic Minority
Communities
• Complex history
• I’ll highlight 2 in New York State
• Seneca Village (Manhattan)
• Rapp Road (Albany)
Seneca Village
• Early mid 1800s in Manhattan
• Located near the Reservoir and Great Lawn today
• majority Black, with a lot of Irish
• escaping from 5 points neighborhood
• Taken as part of the e
ff
ort to build Central Park
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seneca_Village
Seneca Village
Rapp Road
• Settled in Albany during the 1920s
• A community of Blacks moved north from rural
Mississippi, following their Pastor
• Lived in Albany's South End, but eventually
moved west to the Albany Pine Bush
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Rapp_Road_Community_Historic_District
Rapp Road
Rapp Road
Contact
• These slides
• https://www.slideshare.net/nfgusedautoparts/
• nfgusedautopartsrwelty@averillpark.net or
nfgusedautoparts@gmail.com
• in the OpenStreetMap US Slack channel
• https://openstreetmap.us/get-involved/slack
• #openhistoricalmap

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NYGeoCon2023.pdf

  • 1. OpenHistoricalMap: Mapping History in New York Richard Welty
  • 2. Background • OpenHistoricalMap is an OpenStreetMap side project • more than 10 years old • Uses same Data Schema and APIs as OpenStreetMap • Has its own time-sensitive rendering engine
  • 3. Background • Currently organized as a Charter Project of OpenStreetMap US • Fundraising through OSM US (a 501(c)3) • Open Data • Current License philosophy is mixed • We encourage uploads with CC0 (public domain equivalent) • ODbL for overall database is probably inevitable
  • 4. Background • Still a lot of experimentation going on • How to represent change in the OSM schema • How to represent imprecision and incomplete knowledge
  • 5. Lower Manhattan • Well known that there is a lot of fi ll • But how much fi ll? • Project: map evolving coastline
  • 8. Time • We would like to think we can document speci fi c dates and times • But we often can’t • Our data is frequently point-in-time • That is, a map or aerial image shows when something exists (or doesn’t exist) • Old documents may be missing
  • 9. Time • OpenStreetMap is not very concerned with time • pretty relentlessly about now • has a start_date tag but not a lot else
  • 10. Time • OpenHistoricalMap is all about time • Provision for both start and end dates for entities • OHM is adapting Extended Date Time Format • EDTF is a standard derived from ISO 8601 • It can describe imprecision and uncertainty
  • 11. Life Cycle • Life Cycle goes hand in hand with time • Highways and Roads • change route • are renamed • change in importance
  • 12. Life Cycle • Buildings • change usage • are recon fi gured • are renamed
  • 13. Semantic Network • OpenStreetMap uses relations for grouping • OpenHistoricalMap leans very heavily into relations • representing entities across life cycle • abstract meta data from geometry • facilitate cross linking to the wikimedia complex (wikipedia, wikidata, etc.)
  • 14. Harmony Mill • Textile Mill in Cohoes NY, built during the Industrial Revolution • Repurposed more than once during its existence • https://www.openhistoricalmap.org/ #map=17/42.78093/-73.70414&layers=O&da te=1930-12-17&daterange=1923-01-01,202 3-12-31
  • 15. Boutique Mapping vs Mapping at Scale • Most mappers are engaged in small scale, focused projects • OHM is open to well considered, well vetted bulk imports • but data quality is critical • OHM will be sparse without imports
  • 16. Potential Imports • Historical Boundaries • from European Settlement • Native peoples • Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps • Historical coastlines and water features • Sourcing and Licensing?
  • 22. Ghost Tracks • Historic Motor Racing venues, now gone • New York has many, many Ghost Tracks • Vanderbilt Cup Races • early Watkins Glen • Bridgehampton • huge numbers of small dirt oval tracks
  • 23. Vanderbilt Cup Races • Originated on Long Island in 1904 • Initially used public roads (1904-1906) • Safety when racing on public roads has “issues” • http://www.na-motorsports.com/test/VC.html
  • 24. Long Island Motor Parkway • William K. Vanderbilt Jr’s half a solution to the public road problem with racing • Important step in the evolution of highways • All concrete, grade separated toll road • Parts are extant today • 1906-7 Vanderbilt Cup races used it for one leg of the race
  • 27. Watkins Glen • 1948: Automotive road racing returns to the US after WWII • Lessons about racing safety on public roads evidently forgotten • After the 1952 accident killed and injured spectators there would be new courses with improved safety • www.na-motorsports.com/test/Watkins.html
  • 37. NYS Canal System • How the Barge Canal changed everything • https://www.openhistoricalmap.org/ #map=14/42.7996/-73.6917&layers=O&dat e=1977-11-10&daterange=1830-01-01,20 23-12-31
  • 38. Historic Minority Communities • Complex history • I’ll highlight 2 in New York State • Seneca Village (Manhattan) • Rapp Road (Albany)
  • 39. Seneca Village • Early mid 1800s in Manhattan • Located near the Reservoir and Great Lawn today • majority Black, with a lot of Irish • escaping from 5 points neighborhood • Taken as part of the e ff ort to build Central Park • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seneca_Village
  • 41. Rapp Road • Settled in Albany during the 1920s • A community of Blacks moved north from rural Mississippi, following their Pastor • Lived in Albany's South End, but eventually moved west to the Albany Pine Bush • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Rapp_Road_Community_Historic_District
  • 44. Contact • These slides • https://www.slideshare.net/nfgusedautoparts/ • nfgusedautopartsrwelty@averillpark.net or nfgusedautoparts@gmail.com • in the OpenStreetMap US Slack channel • https://openstreetmap.us/get-involved/slack • #openhistoricalmap