ceo2 nanoparticles....

1. Centre for Nano Science &
Technology
Institute of Science and
Technology
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological
University Hyderabad
Kukatpally, Hyderabad-85,
Telangana, India.

2.  Abstract
 Introduction
 CeO2-NP synthesis
 chemical properties
 Physical properties
 Applications
 Characterization techniques
 Results & conclusions
 references

3.  Research is mainly focused on the nature to apply in
the field of science and technology, especially in
nanotechnology. In these natural systems using
Green synthesis method.we use turmeric powder as
to which it says that turmeric has been named as a
medicine and cured for injuries acting as an antibatic
.The obtained Ceo2 nanoparticless have been
characterized by X-ray Diffractometer (XRD),
Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM), Tunneling Electron Microscopy
(TEM) and Thermo Gravimetric and Differential
Thermal Analyzer (TG/DTA) for average crystallite
size, average particle size, morphology, structure and
thermal stability respectively.

4.  CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) have received
much attention in nanotechnology due to
their useful applications as catalysts, fuel
cells and antioxidants in biological
systems.1–5 In general, cerium can exist
in two oxidation states: Ce3+ and Ce4+.
Therefore, cerium dioxide can have two
different oxide forms, CeO2 (Ce4+) or
Ce2O3 (Ce3+), in bulk material.4,6 On
the nanoscale, the cerium oxide lattice has
a cubic fluorite structure, and both Ce3+
and Ce4+ can coexist on its surface.
Charge deficiency due to the presence of
Ce3+ is compensated by oxygen vacancy
in the lattice; thus, CeO2-NPs contain
intrinsic oxygen defects.7 These oxygen
defects are actually sites of catalytic
reactions. The concentration of oxygen
defects increases with reduction in
particle size.8 Therefore, CeO2-NPs have
improved redox properties with respect to
the bulk materials. Moreover, the presence
of a mixed valance state plays an
important role in scavenging reactive
oxygen and nitrogen species. CeO2-NPs
are found to be effective against
pathologies associated with chronic
oxidative stress and inflammation.
Recently, CeO2-NPs have also been
reported to have multienzyme, including
superoxide oxidase, catalase and oxidase,
and mimetic properties, and have emerged
as a fascinating material in biological
fields, such as in bioanalysis,9–14
biomedicine15 and drug delivery.16,17
These applications are derived from quick
transition of the oxidation state between
Ce3+ and Ce4+.6 The surface Ce3+:Ce4+
ratio is influenced by the
microenvironment.

5. Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter
at the nanoscale. It measures certain dimensions between
approximately 1 to 100 nanometers(nm). Nano technology is
mainly based on the size. It includes different fields of
science such as surface science, organic chemistry, semi
conductor physics, molecular biology etc. Nanotechnology is
the kind of engineering which mainly functions at the
molecular scale. The materials having constituents of this
nanoscale dimensions are called nanomaterials.

6. The trending issue in nanoscience is green synthesis of metal
nanoparticles and also biological synthesis using different
organisms. There are many methods to synthesize
nanoparticles such as chemical method, solgel method, wet-
chemical method, sonochemical method, hydrothermal
method, precipitating method etc. But green synthesis
method is widely used now a days as this method does not
contain any chemicals and leads to a good result. Among all
the organisms, plants are widely used as they are helpful in
large amounts of biosynthesis of nanoparticles and these are
more stable and also more variable when compared to other
organisms.

7. Characterization techniques are the methods used to know the
materials structure and properties. There are different
techniques like XRD, SEM, UV-VIS, FTIR, PSA. X Ray
Diffraction(XRD) technique is a technique used for
determining the average crystalline size of nanoparticles.
Ultraviolet(UV) spectroscopy is to measure the optical
properties of synthesized nanoparticles. Scanning Electron
Microscopy(SEM) is to measure the size and morphology.
Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM) is used to observe the
shape and Particle Size Analyser(PSA) is used to find the size of
the particles.

8. The science dealing with the study of the prevention and
treatment of
diseases caused by micro-organisms is known as medical
microbiology. Its subdisciplines are virology (study of viruses),
bacteriology (study of bacteria),
mycology (study of fungi), phycology (study of algae) and
protozoology (study of
protozoa). For the treatment of diseases inhibitory chemicals
employed to kill
micro-organisms or prevent their growth, are called antimicrobial
agents. These
are classified according to their application and spectrum of
activity, as germicides that kill micro-organisms, whereas micro-
biostatic agents inhibit the growth of pathogens and enable the
leucocytes and other defense mechanism of the host to cope up
with static invaders. The germicides may exhibit selective toxicity
depending on their spectrum of activity. They may act as viricides
(killing viruses), bacteriocides (killing bacteria), algicides (killing
algae) or fungicides (killing fungi).

9. Turmeric (Curcuma longa ) is a flowering plant of
the ginger family, Zingiberaceae, the roots of which are used in
cooking The plant is rhizomatous, herbaceous, and perennial,
and is native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia,
and requires temperatures between 20 and 30 °C (68 and 86 °F)
and a considerable amount of annual rainfall to thrive. Plants
are gathered each year for their rhizomes, some for propagation
in the following season and some for consumption. When not
used fresh, the rhizomes are boiled in water for about 3045
minutes and then dried in hot ovens, after which they are
ground into a deep orange-yellow powder commonly used as
a coloring and flavoring agent in many Asian cuisines,
especially for curries, as well as for dyeing

10. Extraction of Curcuma Longa Tubers Powder :-
The Curcuma longa tubers were purchased from a local
market; The Curcuma longa tubers were washed to remove the
adhering mud particles and possible impurities. Later they
were dried under sunlight for a 2 days to completely remove the
moisture. The tubers were cut into small pieces, powdered in a
mixer, and then sieved using a 20-mesh sieve to get uniform
size range. The final sieved powder was used for all further
studies. For the production of extract, 0.3 g of curcuma longa
tubers powder was added to a 200 ml flask with 100 ml distilled
water and then mixed for 2 hours at 200C temperature.

11. 0.5M of Cerium nitrate(Ce(NO3)3 cerium was added in 100 ml of
Distilled water and further stirred for 30 minutes. Then the ceo2
precursor solution was centrifuged for 10 minutes . Thereafter, the
precipitated powder was collected and washed for 5 times in
deionized water for the removal of unwanted particles .Thus
obtained powder was dried at 2000c in hot air oven and gently
grinded using agate mortar and pestle to avoid any structural and
morphological changes in the prepared final fine powder (ceo2
nanopowder). Finally, the grinded powder was calcinated for 2 hour
in tubular furnace.

12.  Physical methods -
 Ball milling
 Thermal evaporation
 Vapour phase
 chemical methods –
 sol-gel method
 biological methods –
 In bacteria
 Using plant extract

13.  The CeO2 composite oxide is synthesized
with peroxide as a precursor.
 Turmeric (curcuma longa)
 Belongs to familty – zingiberacae
 Distilled water

15. calc turmeric powder
20g in 100ml distilled water
Constant boiling (40min)
filtration
Dissociation of nanoparticles
using whatmann filter paper Constant stirring for 4hours
Calcination

16. Chemical symbol - Ce
Group 3
Electronic configuration - [XE] 4f2 6s2

17.  Density6.770 g/cm30.0002 lb/in3
 Molar mass140.12 g/mol

18. The key applications of cerium nanoparticles are as follows:
Used for many fuel cell functions such as in the electrolyte of solid oxide
fuel cells (SOFC)
Used to remove ultrafine diesel particle emissions like carbon
In steel manufacturing, they are used to remove free oxygen and sulfur by
forming stable oxysulfides, and by tying up unwanted trace elements like
antimony and lead
Very efficient glass polishing agents that can be used for precision optical
polishing
Applied to decolor glass
The nanoparticles of cerium oxide are used as in the following areas:
As a catalyst, and in sunscreens, gas sensors, and cosmetic creams
used in chemical and mechanical polishing (CMP) and in the wood
coating industry
Very good optical properties and can filter UV rays.
Researchers are exploring the anti-inflammatory properties of cerium
oxide nanoparticles.

19.  XRD - Average crystallite size – X-ray diffractometer
 PSA - Average particle size
 SEM- Size & Morphology
 TEM – Shape of Particles
 TG/DTA- Thermal properties

20.  1. Gagnon J, Fromm KM. Toxicity and protective effects
of cerium oxide nanoparticles (Nanoceria) depending
on their preparation method, particle size, cell type,
and exposure route. Eur J Inorg Chem. 2015;27:4510–
4517.
 2. Tian Z, Li J, Zhang Z, Gao W, Zhou X, Qu Y. Highly
sensitive and robust peroxidase-like activity of porous
nanorods of ceria and their application for breast
cancer detection. Biomaterials. 2015;59:116–
124.[PubMed]