lean

1. Set of criteria
in order to be
regarded
acceptable for
SMEs
Simple structured,
and easily
adaptable
Represent a road
map and a
planning tool for
implementation
General enough to
suit different
contexts
Having clear links
between the
elements or steps
outlined
Answers “how to?”
and not “what is?”
the initiative
approach
Implementable in
SMEs

4. 1) overproduction; 2) excess motion (of operator, material or
machine); 3) waiting (of operator, material or machine); 4)
transportation; 5) excess processing; 6) inventory; and 7)
defects (rework and scrap) Other authors also added waste
categories to this list, with ‘goods and services which do not
meet the needs of the customer’ (Womack and Jones, 2003;
page 15).

6. Author (s) and
year Lean Practices
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P
Filho et al (2016) X X X X X X X X
Thanki et al
(2016) X X X X X X X
Manfredsson
(2016) X X X X X
Hu et al (2015) X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Jain et al (2015) X X X
Saboo et al
(2014) X X X X X X
Kumar et al
(2014) X X X X X X X
Powell et al
(2013) X X X X
Zhou (2012) X X X X X X X X X X X
Panizzolo et al
(2012) X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

8. A – 5s
B - SMED
C – Visual Control
D- Cellular Layout
E - TPM
F - Kanban
G – Employee Training & Teamwork
H - Heijunka
I – Continuous Flow
J – Lot Size Reduction
K - Kaizen
L - Value Stream Mapping
M – Quality Management
N - Jidoka
O – Standardized Work/ Process
P – Poka Yoke
Lean Manufacturing practice in SMEs : a literature review of practices over
previous years

9. WASTE
TRANSPORT
(moving products
that are not
actually required
to perform the
processing)
INVENTORY
(all components,
work in process
and finished
products not
being processed)
MOTION
(people or
equipment
moving or
walking more
than is required
to perform the
processing)
WAITING
(waiting for the
next production
step)
OVER
PRODUCTION
(production
ahead of
demand)
OVER
PROCESSING
(resulting from
poor tool or
product design
creating activity)
DEFECTS
(the effort
involved in
inspecting for
and fixing
defects)

10. ,,,, and ultimately
Identify the value
Identify the value stream
Introduce flow
Encourage customers to pull
Strive for perfection

11. The Lean Elements
Reduce the Lean Waste
and fits the lean steps
over-production Excess motion waiting transport
excess
processing inventory defects
Just in Time x x
creating flow / establishing
pull
Resource Reduction x x
identifying value / creating
flow
Human Resource
Management x x
creating flow / striving for
perfection
Improvement Strategies x x x x x x x striving for perfection
Defects Control x x striving for perfection
Supply Chain
Management x x x
identifying value / establishing
pull
Standardization x x
creating flow / striving for
perfection
Scientific Management x x creating flow
Bundled Techniques x x
creating flow / striving for
perfection

12. Build rapport with
business owners
and lean
practitioners to
conduct interview
Conduct
interview with
simple and clear
questions
Transcribe
interview data-
record audio-used
during the
interview
Improvements or
fine tunings if
necessary
Transcripts
submission to
participants for
verification