2. Based on Aantomical & physiological relation amount ofBased on Aantomical & physiological relation amount of
elastic & muscular tissue in tunica Media & Diameter ofelastic & muscular tissue in tunica Media & Diameter of
blood vessels.blood vessels.
1.1. Long sized Arteries (Elastic. A) conducting vesselsLong sized Arteries (Elastic. A) conducting vessels
Diameter >7000 um e.g. Aorta branches of arch ofDiameter >7000 um e.g. Aorta branches of arch of
aorta.aorta.
2.2. Medium size Muscular Arteries (Distribution vessels)Medium size Muscular Arteries (Distribution vessels)
Muscular tissue is equal to Elastic, Diameter 1000-Muscular tissue is equal to Elastic, Diameter 1000-
3000 um. Descending aorta, abd3000 um. Descending aorta, abd
Aorta, femoral etc.Aorta, femoral etc.
3.3. Small size Muscular arteries:- Muscular tissue>ElasricSmall size Muscular arteries:- Muscular tissue>Elasric
tissuetissue
Diameter 50-100 umDiameter 50-100 um
3. 4.4. MUSCULAR ARTERIES (Resistance vessels)MUSCULAR ARTERIES (Resistance vessels)
Only muscular tissue is present, diameter rangeOnly muscular tissue is present, diameter range
from 50-100 micrometer. Provide resistance tofrom 50-100 micrometer. Provide resistance to
blood flow and mediating blood pressure.blood flow and mediating blood pressure.
5.5. TERMINAL ARTERIOLES (ResistanceTERMINAL ARTERIOLES (Resistance
vessels) Diameter more than 50 micrometer &vessels) Diameter more than 50 micrometer &
provide resistance to blood flow.provide resistance to blood flow.
6.6. METARTERIOLES:- (Resistance vessels)METARTERIOLES:- (Resistance vessels)
Diameter 10-15 Micrometer ; slide swelling due toDiameter 10-15 Micrometer ; slide swelling due to
localized accumulation of myosytes, known aslocalized accumulation of myosytes, known as
precapillary sphincters, terminates intoprecapillary sphincters, terminates into
capillaries.capillaries.
4. 7.7. CAPILLARIES/ SINUSOIDS (Exchange vesselsCAPILLARIES/ SINUSOIDS (Exchange vessels
) lumen is 5 Micrometer, exchange between) lumen is 5 Micrometer, exchange between
tissue fluids and blood.tissue fluids and blood.
8.8. VENULES (Exchange vessels)VENULES (Exchange vessels)
Lumen 20-30 MicrometerLumen 20-30 Micrometer
9.9. POST-CAPILLARIES VENULES (ExchangePOST-CAPILLARIES VENULES (Exchange
vessels)vessels)
Lumen 20-30 MicrometerLumen 20-30 Micrometer
10.10. SMALL SIZE MUSCULAR VEINSSMALL SIZE MUSCULAR VEINS
(CAPACITANCE RESERVOIR VESSLES)(CAPACITANCE RESERVOIR VESSLES)
Can accommodate large amount of blood.Can accommodate large amount of blood.
Thickness of wall is 1/10 of the lumen of vein.Thickness of wall is 1/10 of the lumen of vein.
6. (i)(i) Conducting of Propulsue effect of heart.Conducting of Propulsue effect of heart.
(ii)(ii) Distribution of blood.Distribution of blood.
(iii)(iii) Muscular arteries provides resistance toMuscular arteries provides resistance to
the blood flow & them mediating thethe blood flow & them mediating the
blood pressure.blood pressure.
(iv)(iv) Meta-arterioles provides resistance toMeta-arterioles provides resistance to
flow of blood & maintain blood pressure.flow of blood & maintain blood pressure.
7. CAPILLARIES:CAPILLARIES:
Exchange b/w tissue fluids & blood acrossExchange b/w tissue fluids & blood across
capillaries cuall e.g, electro lytes,capillaries cuall e.g, electro lytes,
protiem, mutrents, O2, CO2, etc.protiem, mutrents, O2, CO2, etc.
VEINS:VEINS:
(i) Exchange b/w tissue fluid & blood(i) Exchange b/w tissue fluid & blood
across vessels wall & Postacross vessels wall & Post
Capillaries Venules.Capillaries Venules.
(i) Small , Medium & large size veins(i) Small , Medium & large size veins
act as reservoir & conney bloodact as reservoir & conney blood
back to heart ( Rt artiuem)back to heart ( Rt artiuem)
9. ((b) ARTERIO VENOUS ANASTOMOSIS (Shunts)b) ARTERIO VENOUS ANASTOMOSIS (Shunts)
Blood of arterial tree by-pass the capillaries beds &Blood of arterial tree by-pass the capillaries beds &
Sinusoids, into Venous system.Sinusoids, into Venous system.
Preferential Thorough-Preferential Thorough-
fare Channelsfare Channels
(i)Open on demands(i)Open on demands
(ii)Opened permonently(ii)Opened permonently
& act as by pass& act as by pass
usually present atusually present at
precapillaryprecapillary
Sphineters.Sphineters.
SIMPLE ARTERIOSIMPLE ARTERIO
VENOUSVENOUS
e.g present at musculare.g present at muscular
arteries & veins e.g:-arteries & veins e.g:-
suin ofnose ext. Ear,suin ofnose ext. Ear,
muscosa, gut eremuscosa, gut ere
tissue.tissue.
10. (iii)(iii) Arterio Venous anastomosis- present atArterio Venous anastomosis- present at
digital pads & nail beds.digital pads & nail beds.
FUNCTION:FUNCTION:
(i)(i) Regulate blood flowRegulate blood flow
(ii)(ii) Regulate body temperature.Regulate body temperature.
(iii)(iii) Cooling effect tongue of dog.Cooling effect tongue of dog.
(iv)(iv) Absorption of metriart from gut.Absorption of metriart from gut.
11. ANASTOMOSIS:ANASTOMOSIS:
VASCULAR (SHUNTS) ORGANVASCULAR (SHUNTS) ORGAN
(URETERO(URETERO
VEGINAL)VEGINAL)
NERVES:- JACONERVES:- JACO
BONESBONES
ANASTOMOSANASTOMOS
IS INIS IN
TYMPENTICTYMPENTIC
PLAXES- INFOPLAXES- INFO
LARGEALLARGEAL
NERVESNERVES
12. VASCULAR PATTERN:VASCULAR PATTERN:
Venae conitantes veins acompries arteries &Venae conitantes veins acompries arteries &
veins in neurovasalar bundles or along theveins in neurovasalar bundles or along the
arteries e.g along redial artery in lumberarteries e.g along redial artery in lumber
venous placus pampini form venus plexus.venous placus pampini form venus plexus.
(i) END ARTERIES:(i) END ARTERIES:
No anastomosis at arterial or capillaries lenes.No anastomosis at arterial or capillaries lenes.
Incase of blockage organ loads to necerosisIncase of blockage organ loads to necerosis
e.g central retinal artery.e.g central retinal artery.
13. (i) Anastomosis in end(i) Anastomosis in end
arteriesarteries
anastomosis presentanastomosis present
at capillaries levelat capillaries level
e.g central branchese.g central branches
of cereback arteries.of cereback arteries.
(ii) Segmental arteries of(ii) Segmental arteries of
spleen, kidney, hug,spleen, kidney, hug,
metephysealmetephyseal
arteries of longarteries of long
bone.bone.
In sufficientIn sufficient
anastomosis in endanastomosis in end
arteries e.garteries e.g
coronary arterycoronary artery
present c’ poorpresent c’ poor
capillariescapillaries
anastomosisanastomosis
14. ARTEROSCLEROSIS,ARTEROSCLEROSIS,
ATHEROSCLEROSIS & VERICOSEATHEROSCLEROSIS & VERICOSE
VEIN.VEIN.
ARTEROSCLEROSIS:ARTEROSCLEROSIS:
Hardening of arterial wall due to fibrosis & calcification ofHardening of arterial wall due to fibrosis & calcification of
arterial wall leads to narrowinp of lumen & elasticity.arterial wall leads to narrowinp of lumen & elasticity.
ATHEROSCLEROSIS:ATHEROSCLEROSIS:
Reposition of fat (plaque) (Atheroma) on inner most layerReposition of fat (plaque) (Atheroma) on inner most layer
of artery (tunica intima) ultimately leads to thrombosisof artery (tunica intima) ultimately leads to thrombosis
& occlusion of muscular arteries e.g 1HD, M 1, stroke& occlusion of muscular arteries e.g 1HD, M 1, stroke
( brain infaction death tissue ) gangloen limbs muolned.( brain infaction death tissue ) gangloen limbs muolned.
15. Veins becomes dilated lengthened &Veins becomes dilated lengthened &
tortuous due to lose of elasticity &tortuous due to lose of elasticity &
weekening of wall e.g great Sephanus veinweekening of wall e.g great Sephanus vein
become vericosed due incompetence ofbecome vericosed due incompetence of
velues mainly Sepheno femoral or aduetorvelues mainly Sepheno femoral or aduetor
or perfectors velues or due to over load ofor perfectors velues or due to over load of
great Sephenus in result of DVT orgreat Sephenus in result of DVT or
ocelusim due tumour in peluis or inocelusim due tumour in peluis or in
pregency or congenitaly wall or veluepregency or congenitaly wall or velue
weekness.weekness.
16. Part of circulatory system deals c’ circulation of LymphPart of circulatory system deals c’ circulation of Lymph
(tissue fluid) rich in proteins of cells (Lymphoeytes &(tissue fluid) rich in proteins of cells (Lymphoeytes &
organism & cell delesis).organism & cell delesis).
Lymphatic system consists of lymphatics, lymphoidLymphatic system consists of lymphatics, lymphoid
tissue (lymphnod, thymus, spleen) also thorasic duct,tissue (lymphnod, thymus, spleen) also thorasic duct,
cisternachlldi.cisternachlldi.
Tissue fluids is forward at arteries end of capillaries &Tissue fluids is forward at arteries end of capillaries &
most of it returrned to circulation via venous ends ofmost of it returrned to circulation via venous ends of
capillaries. But 10-20% of tissue fluids passes intocapillaries. But 10-20% of tissue fluids passes into
blind ending lymphatics known as lymph andblind ending lymphatics known as lymph and
traverses one of more lymph nodes before return totraverses one of more lymph nodes before return to
venous system (hemal eirculation)venous system (hemal eirculation)
17. Lymph vessels of thywid, oesopfhagus cornary & triangleLymph vessels of thywid, oesopfhagus cornary & triangle
ligaments of liver are exceptionals these do’t traverseligaments of liver are exceptionals these do’t traverse
lymphnodes & pass directly to venous system throughlymphnodes & pass directly to venous system through
thoracic duct.thoracic duct.
LYMPH CAPILLARIES:LYMPH CAPILLARIES:
Lymph capillaries are absent in epidermis, hair, nail,Lymph capillaries are absent in epidermis, hair, nail,
cornea, cartilages, CNS & bone mrrous very few incornea, cartilages, CNS & bone mrrous very few in
endomysium of skeletal muscles.endomysium of skeletal muscles.
LYPPHATIC CAPILLARIES:LYPPHATIC CAPILLARIES:
Lymphatic capillaries are blind ended more irregular &Lymphatic capillaries are blind ended more irregular &
have much wider calliber than those of adjacenthave much wider calliber than those of adjacent
capillaries.capillaries.
18. CHYLE:CHYLE:
Lymph from small intestine is milky due toLymph from small intestine is milky due to
absorption of fat globules (chylomicrons) and isabsorption of fat globules (chylomicrons) and is
called CHYLE.called CHYLE.
LACTEALS:LACTEALS:
Lymph capillaries in small intestion are known asLymph capillaries in small intestion are known as
lacteals.lacteals.
SUPERFICIAL LYMPH VESSELS:SUPERFICIAL LYMPH VESSELS:
Superficial lymph vessels are located in skin,Superficial lymph vessels are located in skin,
superficial fascia drains to superficial lymphsuperficial fascia drains to superficial lymph
nodes.nodes.
19. DEEP LYMPH VESSELS:DEEP LYMPH VESSELS:
Deep lymph vessels located deep to deepDeep lymph vessels located deep to deep
fascia & viscera usually acompany thefascia & viscera usually acompany the
arteries drains to deep lymphnodes.arteries drains to deep lymphnodes.
FUNCTIONS OF LYMPHATICS:FUNCTIONS OF LYMPHATICS:
(i)(i) Drainage of tissue fluid.Drainage of tissue fluid.
(ii)(ii) Absorption & transport of fat from smallAbsorption & transport of fat from small
intestine.intestine.
Defense imumune mechomism of theDefense imumune mechomism of the
body.body.
20. LYMPHOGRAPHY:LYMPHOGRAPHY:
Radiological study of lymph vessels & lymph nodes isRadiological study of lymph vessels & lymph nodes is
possible after the cannulation of an appropriatepossible after the cannulation of an appropriate
peripheal lymph vessels by injecting radiopaque contrastperipheal lymph vessels by injecting radiopaque contrast
material e.g Indian ink, prussian blue, Neoprence laterimmaterial e.g Indian ink, prussian blue, Neoprence laterim
cadaners while methylene blue & lipoidal used forcadaners while methylene blue & lipoidal used for
radiology of living.radiology of living.
LYMPHADENITS:LYMPHADENITS:
2ndly inflammation of lymph nodes. (enlaged lymph nod,2ndly inflammation of lymph nodes. (enlaged lymph nod,
lymphadenopathy.) Painfully enlarge.lymphadenopathy.) Painfully enlarge.
21. CLINICALCLINICAL IMPORTANCEIMPORTANCE::
FNAC or Ex. Biopy of elanged lymph nod giveFNAC or Ex. Biopy of elanged lymph nod give
diagnosis about diseases.diagnosis about diseases.
DIRECT LYMPHOGENONS Blood bornDIRECT LYMPHOGENONS Blood born
Directly into Ca Breast & most (Henatogenous)Directly into Ca Breast & most (Henatogenous)
Contigous of Ca E.g Sarcomas.Contigous of Ca E.g Sarcomas.
Structures ofStructures of
Body.Body.
