This document provides an overview of graphic design, including definitions of key terms and descriptions of graphic designers' roles and responsibilities. It discusses design thinking and the graphic design process. The main differences outlined between graphic designers and illustrators are that graphic designers focus more on complete visual concepts and formatting, while illustrators focus more on bringing parts of an image to life. Graphic designers generally work on layouts, branding, and developing visual content, while conveying messages or persuading audiences.
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Introduction chapter 1,2
1. Introduction
Introduction
1.1. Thinking Design
1.2. The Concept of Graphic Designing
1.3. What does a designer do?
1.4. What is the difference between a graphic designer and an illustrator?
1.5. What is it like being a graphic designer?
1.6. What are the applications of graphic design?
2. 1.1 Design Thinking
Design Thinking is a method Designers use in ideation and development, that also has
applications elsewhere. The method describes a human-centered, iterative design process
consisting of 5 steps—Empathize (understand and share the feelings of another.), Define, Ideate,
Prototype (a first, typical or preliminary model of something) and Test. Design thinking is useful
in tackling problems that are ill-defined or unknown.
زانئڈیہی.ںیہوہیتدروخاںیتسیھبرپہگجاوریسکالعوہےکاس،ےہرکیتاامعتسلںیمزیقیاوراینثرظنوکزارنئوںڈیوجےہرطہقیایوسچاینبدیکانانرطہقی
لمتشمںیمسجےہارکثواضحیکلمعےکزانئڈیددیج،رپ5رمالح-اناورےنھجمسوکااسحاستےکدورسے(ایدردی مہ،).رکںیارتشاکاک Define،
Ideate،Prototypeےہدیفموسچزانئڈیںیمےنٹمنےساسملئںیہاولعممثاثواضحیکامیبری.ٹسیٹاور)امڈلادتبایئاثاعم،الہپاکزیچ(یسک
1.2. The Concept of Graphic Designing
Graphic design is the process of visual communication and problem-solving through the
use of typography, photography and illustration. The field is considered a subset of visual
communication and communication design, but sometimes the term "graphic design" is
used synonymously. Graphic designers create and combine symbols, images and text to
form visual representations of ideas and messages. They use typography, visual
arts and page layout techniques to create visual compositions.
اثماوررگایفوفوٹ،زانئڈیرگاکفولںومارصبیذرےعیےکاامعتسلےکساکزانئڈیوماالصیتاوروماالصترصبیڈلیف.ےہلمعاکرکےنلحدوشاریاورالصت
اواترظنثزارنئزڈیرگاکف.ےہااجثایکاامعتسلرپوطررتممجوک"زانئڈی"رگاکفاالطصحیھبکیھبکنکیل،ےہااجثایکوصتراوھچثےسرصبییکاغیپامتر
اصتو،العامتےئلےکانبےنامندنئیگیکزبیتییکےحفصاورنفرصبی، پائثونعےئلےکرکےنقیلختاسزیرمبکرصبیوہ.ںیہرکےتعمجاورقیلختنتماورزی
.ںیہرکےتاامعتسلکینکت
3. 1.3. What does a designer do?
A graphic designer creates visual concepts to convey information through photos and
art. A graphic designer creates posters, bus wraps, billboards, packaging, logos and
marketing materials, depending on the industry—graphic designers work at magazines,
advertising and marketing agencies, and more. Selecting photos and typefaces, and
developing layouts for advertisements, annual reports, brochures, magazines and
other projects are also part of the gig.
رگاکف،اسزیتعنصزارنئڈیرگاکف.ےہارکثزامہفولعمامتذرہعیےکآرٹاورزاصتویےئلےکرکےنقیلختوکوصتراترصبیزارنئڈیرگاکفرپزارنئزڈی
ارکثرصحنمامرگنٹیکاورالعامت،گنجیکیپ،وبرڈزب،ٹیپلسب،وپرٹسادہزثےسادہزثاور،اویسنجیںامرگنٹیکاورااہتشری،زنیمںیمنج،ےہوہےتدیپاوماد
لےکوصنموبںدرگیاورزنیم،زوزچی،روپروٹںاسالہن،ااہتشراتاور،رکںیااختنباک پائثونعاورزاصتوی.ںیہۓاتزتیوکزیقیدںیگیگاکہصح.یھب
1.4. What is the difference between a graphic designer and an illustrator?
Both graphic design and illustration can be creative fields in their own ways, but a graphic
designer will generally spend more time working on the complete image and format, while an
illustrator focuses on bringing one small part of the big picture to life. Although graphic designers
and illustrators generally have the same goal in mind for a project, the difference between
graphic design and illustration lies in who does what part of the job to achieve the common end
result.
اکںیملکشاورزوصتیلمکمومعامزارنئڈیرگاکفنکیل،ںیہوہتکسےسرطےقیاےنپےکانوکوبعشںیقیلختاثملاورزانئڈیرگاکفدوونںایہکبج،ںیہرکرےہم
وھچایاکزوصتیزیییکزدنیگثلثمایںیمدامغےئلےکوصنمےبایرپوطراعمںیماکعرٹسوںاورزارنئزڈیرگاکفارگہچ.ےہداتیوتہجرپالےنہصحاساث
.ےہےئلےکرکےناحلصہجیتنااتتخماعمہصحایکاکاکمہکےہہیزقفدرایمنےکاثملاورزانئڈیکیفرگا،ےہدصقمیہ
1.4.1. What Graphic Designers Do
While illustration is sometimes considered to be more like a fine art, graphic design work is more
commercial. The goal of graphic design is generally to convey a message or persuade an audience.
4. Graphic designers convey a message by communicating visual information. A graphic design
professional is typically involved in page layout, typography, branding, and image development.
اغیپایرپوطراعمدصقماکزانئڈیرگاکف.ےہاجتریتادہزثاکمزانئڈیرگاکف،ےہااجثاھجمسادہزثرطحیکآرٹکیھٹکیھٹاواقتضعبوکاسنیعماثاچنہپم
زبیتیےحفصرپوطراعمرپولنشیفزانئڈیرگاکفای.ںیہےتجیھباغیپموہےئرکےتوگتفگےسولعمامترصبیزز پڈویرگاکف.ےہارکثاقلئزیقییکزوصتیاور،دنزایی، پائثونع،
.ےہولمثںیم
1.4.2. What Illustrators Do
Illustration work requires a more creative visualization, such as using pictures or drawings to
visually represent or decorate the text on a page. Illustrators sometimes also do design work and
are able to excel in both fields. An illustrator might be a great designer, but the reverse will not
necessarily be true.
ےکاجسےناثامندنئیگیکنتمرپہحفصرکےکاامعتسلاکڈراگنئاثزاصتویےسیج،ےہوہیترضورتیکرظنہطقنیقیلختایاکماکامنشئلۓ.Illustrators
رویرنکیل،ےہوہاتکسزارنئڈیمیظعدایشثلثمای.ںیہاقبےکرکےنالسکیںیموبعشںدوونںاورںیہرکےتاکمزانئڈییھبیھبکیھبک.وہاگںیہنرضوریرضورس
5. 1.5 What’s It Like to Be a Graphic Designer?
Think of any product or website that catches your eye. You might be intrigued by the text, but
you wouldn’t have even noticed it without the expertise of the graphic designer who worked to
get the font, colors, and overall look just right.
Keep in mind that graphic design is about more than just artistic ability. It takes communication
skills to understand what clients want and to manage their expectations
Nobody has to tell you that visual communication is becoming more and more interactive
.ےہاتیلڑکپوکآھکنیکآپوجرکںیوغررپاسئوئاثونصماعتیھبیسکیکزارنئڈیرگاکفآپنکیل،ےہیتکساجیکازفایئوحہلصےسرطفیکنتمآپ
.ںیہآےترظنرپوطرومجمیعاور،رن،وفئوجےگرکںیںیہنوسحمسیھبریغبےکاہمرت
اہمیکوماالصتےئلےکےنھجمسوکاتثاس.ےہادہزثںیہکےسالصحاکنفراہنرصفزانئڈیکیفرگاہکروھکںیمذنہوخااشہتوکیسنوکاگوکہںہکےہاتیلرت
ےہارکثااظتنماکوتاعقتاینپاور
ےہراہاجاوہثارٹناوٹکیادہزثےسادہزثوماالصترصبیہکےہںیہنااتبثہیوکآپوکیسک
• Graphic Design Concentration
• Advertising Concepts
• Form and Space, including Advanced Layout Design
• Package Design
• Business of Graphic Design
• Publication Design
• Art Direction
• Web Design Concentration
• Information Architecture
• Interface Design
• Audio & Video
6. • Signage
• Corporate identity/ branding
• Packaging (from water bottles to appliances)
• Printed materials (books, flyers, magazines, newspapers)
• Online art (banners, blogs, websites)
• Album covers
• Film and television titles and graphics
• T-shirt and clothing designs
• Greeting cards
•اعترفزانئڈیرگاکف
•وماعقااہتشری
•الخیئاورافرمتیمسزانئڈیآؤٹےلیکدرےجایلع
•زانئڈیجیکیپ
•اراکروثاکزانئڈیرگاکف
•ااشزانئڈیع
•تمسنف
•رسنیسزانئڈیوئ
•زرپچکیٹیک
آرولعمامت
•زانئڈیارٹنسیف
•دویویاورآڈوی
•دطختس
•دنزایی/انشحاکروپرئ
•)اسپثےکآالتےسوبولتںیکاینپث(گنجیکیپ
)اابخرات،زنیم،زاسمف،(اتکںیبومادرکدہرپئ
•)اسسٹئوئ،البزگ،(رنیبآرٹالنئآن
•ےہارکثااحہطاکامبل
•رگاسکفاوراتونعاثزنوییلیٹاورملف
•زانئڈیابلساوررشٹیٹ
•اکرڈالسیتم
7. 1.6 Applications of Graphic Design
Look around you. Graphic design is everywhere, from the wrappers on candy bars to the logo on
your favorite coffee mug. In fact, you see hundreds of examples of graphic design every single
day, and most of the time, you don't realize it.
Graphic design can serve many functions. Just a few of the uses of graphic design include:
Signage
Corporate identity/ branding
to appliances)bottlesPackaging (from water
, magazines, newspapers)flyersPrinted materials (books,
Online art (banners, blogs, websites)
Album covers
Film and television titles and graphics
T-shirt and clothing designs
Greeting cards
زویرپ)(ولوگالعمرپایپالاکیفدہدنسپیےکآپ،ےہہگجز مہزانئڈیکیفرگادوھکیرگداردےکآپڑکنیسوںےکزانئڈیرگاکفدنایز مہآپ،درالص.ےسزرپویرپڑپویں
.ےتھجمسںیہناےسآپ،ںیموقارثکاور،ںیہدےتھکیاثمںیل
ںیہالمشںیمھچکےسںیماامعتسلےکزانئڈیرگاکف.ےہاتکسرکدمجیکااعفلےستہبزانئڈیرگاکف
دطختس
دنزایی/انشحاکروپرئ
)اسپثےکآالتےسوبولتںیکاینپث(گنجیکیپ
)اابخرات،زنیم،زاسمف،(اتکںیبوماددشہابطع
)اسسٹئوئ،البزگ،(رنیبآرٹالنئآن
ےہارکثااحہطاکامبل
رگاسکفاوراتونعاثزنوییلیٹاورملف
زانئڈیڑپکےاوررشٹیٹ
اکرڈالسیتم
9. 2.2 What are pixels?
In digital imaging, a pixel, pel, dots, or picture element is a physical point in a raster image, or the smallest
addressable element in an all points addressable display device; so it is the smallest controllable element
of a picture represented on the screen. Each pixel is a sample of an original image; more samples typically
provide more accurate representations of the original.
ڈلٹیجیںیمآہلڈےلپسذرکاقبوپاسٹنئامتماث،ےہہطقنامسجینایںیمزوصتییکزرٹرییسکرصنعزوصتیاث،ہطقن، پب،لسکپای،ںیمگیچمیاوھچیٹےسس
رصنعدساسیاعمومنےنادہزثےہ؛ومنہناکزوصتیالصلسکپز مہ.ےہرصنعواالرٹنکولاوھچثےسساکزوصتیاییکامندنئیگرپرکسنیہیدالےہ؛یکالصرپوطر
.ںیہرکےتزامہفامندنئیگدرسادہزث
2.3 Why Use Adobe Photoshop Layers
Photoshop layers are like sheets of stacked acetate. You can see through transparent areas of a layer to the
layers below. You move a layer to position the content on the layer, like sliding a sheet of acetate in a
stack. You can also change the opacity of a layer to make content partially transparent.
ٹیٹیسیادکڈیسٹارپںیتیکاپوفوٹشلےکتیثیحیکومادرپرپتآپ.ںیہتکسدھکیذرہعیےکالعوقںافشفےکرپترپرپوتںےچینآپ.ںیہرطحیکاچدروںیکۓ
ایرپتےلاجےت،ںیہےسیجاکیٹسںیمٹیٹیسیایکاچدردنالسیرکےتںیہ.آپزویجوطررپافشفوطررپافشفانبےنےکےئلایرپتیکدعم
ااکحتسموکیھبدبتلیرکتکس.ںیہ
2.4 WHAT IS A LAYER?
Photoshop layers are like sheets of stacked acetate. You can see through transparent areas of
a layer to the layers below. You move a layer to position the content on the layer, like sliding a
sheet of acetate in a stack. You can also change the opacity of a layer to make content partially
transparent.
ومرپرپتآپ.ںیہتکسدھکیذرہعیےکالعوقںافشفےکرپترپرپوتںےچینآپ.ںیہرطحیکاچدروںیکٹیٹیسیادکڈیسٹارپںیتیکاپوفوٹشلےکتیثیحیکادۓ
ایرپتےلاجےت،ںیہےسیجاکیٹسںیمٹیٹیسیایکاچدردنالسیرکےتںیہ.آپزویجوطررپافشفوطررپافشفانبےنےکےئلدعمیکرپتای
.ںیہرکتکسدبتلییھبوکااکحتسم
2.5 LAYERS PANEL
Photoshop’s layers Panel is a powerful tool that allows you do many special things to
your layed compositions. Next we will look at the Photoshop layers pallet.
10. Have you ever wondered what all the parts of a layers panel do? Here is a screen grab of
the layers Panel. I’ll explian what all the parts are here.
رپوتیکاپوفوٹشمہاالگ.ےہرکیتزامہفزیچںیاخصےستہباطمقبےکاتزتیاےنپوکآپوجےہآےلاطوتقرای
پ
پوہتںیکاپوفوٹش.ےگرکںی پچوکں
ےصحامتمےک
پ
پےکوہتںایہکےہایکریحانیھبکےنمتایکوصحںامتمہکیگرکوںااشکنفںیم.ےہہضبقرپرکسنییک
پ
پرپوتںاہیںںیہ؟رکےتایک
.ںیہاہیں
Layer Filter: This enables you to hide layers based on different things. Makes it easier to
find the layers that you want to work with.
Opacity: 0= transparant 100 = fully opaque. press number keys on keyboard to instantly
set to multiples of 10, or adjust the slider for an exact amount of transparency on each
layer.
Blend Modes: Change these to change the way that the selected layer blends with the
layers underneath it. Great for compositing and special effects. (With the move tool
selected, press Shift+ or Shift- to cycle through blending modes.
Fill opacity: Adjusts the amount of opacity of the pixels only, but any layer styles are
uneffected and remain 100% opaque.
visibility: If the eye is showing that layer is visible. Click on the eye and the layer will
still be there but invisible until you click on the eye again.
Locked: The padlock means that something is locked in the layer. (Also click in the 4
icons in the “lock” next to fill opacity to make certain things editable of locked). Here are
the different things that can be locked/unlocked.
Lock all: If the box is checked the layer is totally protected from any editing.
Lock Position: You can make any changes except for moving the image.
Lock Image pixels: You cannot draw on this layer if checked.
Lock transparent: You can paint on this layer but not where it is transparent.
Useful tools at the bottom of the panel
Link: Enabled you to link layers. These will all move together unless unlinked.
Layer Effects (Styles): Special effects applied to your image layer. Noted by the little f.
Each effect will be listed. multiple effects may be used at once.
11. Add Layer Mask: This is the button to press to add a layer mask to the currently selected
layer. Allows you to paint away parts of your layer without damaging your original
image.
Add Adjustment Layer: The best way to apply image adjustments. There can change the
color or tone of an image. All layers are affected underneath an adjustment layer (Unless
clipped). This is a good option to using Image>Adjustments because adjustment layers
are non-destructive and re editable.
Layer Groups: A good organizational tool. This puts layers into a folder. You can
choose multiple layers and press Cmd/Ctrl+G to put them in a group, or create a group by
clicking this icon. Layers can be dragged in or out of groups in the Layers panel.
Create New Layer: Press this icon to create a new layer. Drag an existing layer into this
icon to create a duplicate of that layer,
Delete Layer: Drag a layer into this icon to remove it. Or select the layer and then press
this icon to get the same result.
Panel Options: This will open a drop down menu that provides a number of options,
many that aren’t listed anywhere else.
اچارکثاکمآپوجےہاانبثآاسنارکثالتشوکرپوتںاس.ےہاانبثاقبےکاپھچےنوکوہتںینبمرپزیچوںفلتخموکآپہی:رٹلفرپت.ںیہےتہ
:ااکحتسم0افشف=100لمکم=رپوطروفریاچایبںیکربمناںیئدثرپوبرڈیک.وتمعقریغرپوطر10نیعےکافشتیفرپرپتز مہاث،ےئلےکرکےنسوکزومیںفیٹلمےک
.رکںیدٹسجایالسڈیئرےئلےکرمقاطمقب
دبتںیمانےئلےکرکےندبتلیرطحسجرمبکاسھتےکوہتںیکےچینےکاسرپتذلیبختنم:ومڈرمبکےئلےکزاتایاخصاورریسفت.رکںیلی
ذرہعیےکرطوقیںرمبک،اسھتےکآےلرکدہ(بختنم.ااھچتہبShift.اںیئدثرپاسلکیئٹفشاث+
اورےہںیہنوفحمظریغوکںولییشرپتیھبیسکنکیل،ےہرکیتدٹسجایوکرمقیکااکحتسمدعمیکزرسلکپپرصف:رھبںیوکددنھالنپ100وتمریغ٪.ےہراتہعق
آپہکیحںیہنوپدیشہنکیلےگرںیہواہںیھبابرپتاوررکںیکلکرپآوھکنں.ےہاآثرظنرپتہیوتےہراہداھکآھکنارگ:امنشئ.رکںیکلکرپآھکن
زیچوصخمصواےلرکےنزمیمیںیماےل(ث.ےہایگادثرکدنبںیمرپتھچکہکےہہیبلطماکڈیپ:ادثرکدنبدعبےکرکےنوپراوکاافدئےئلےکانبےنوکوں
ںیم"اال"ث4.ےہاتکساجایکدنب/الکوکنجںیہزیچںیایسیایسیاہیں.)رکںیکلکیھبںہٹیٹس
.ےہوفحمظےسزمیمییسکرپوطرلمکمںیمرپوتںرپتیکالڑپثاجچنیکاسکثارگ:رکںیدنبوکس
وکزوصتیآپ:اقممدحمودال.ںیہتکسرکدبتیلییھبیسکوساےکرکےنلقتنم
.ںیہتکسڈراںیہنرپرپتاسوترکںی پچآپارگ:زرسلکپپزوصتیالک
.اہجںےہںیہنافشفہینکیلںیہرکتکسٹنیپرپرپتاسآپ:رکںیاصفوکافشف
اوزاردیفمںیمےصحےلچنےک
پ
پ
اعفلےئلےکرکےنکلسنمےسوہتںآپ:کنل.وہاجےئعطقنمریغوہیحاگاجےئلمھچکسہی.
وقیہای.اگاجےئایکدرجزایز مہ.ونٹےسرطفیکیسوھچیٹ.ںیہوہےترمئزاتایوصخیصرپرپتیکزوصتییکآپ:)(رطزںیزاتایرپتیئکںیم
.ںیہتکساجےیکاامعتسلزاتای
13. 2.6 TYPES OF LAYERS
In Photoshop there are a number of different types of layers. They are usually indicated
by icons, here is what they all do.
Thumbnail: A small picture of the layers contents.
.ںیہرکےتھچکسوہاہیں،ںیہرکےتارہاشےسرطفیکںہٹیٹس
رپوطراعموہ.ںیہوہتںیکااسقمفلتخمیئکںیماپوفوٹش
ےکوہتں:لینبمھت.زوصتییسوھچیٹاییکوماد
Type Layer: The same as an image layer, except this layer contains type that can be edited;
(Change character, color, font or size)
Adjustment Layer: An adjustment layer is changing the color or tone of all the layers
underneath it. To only affect th layer directly underneath it (an ignore the other underlying
layers): Move your pointer on the line between the adjustment layer and the layer directly
14. beneath it, hold down Alt/Option. You will see a symbol appear. Click to limit the adjustment.
(clip to layer) do the same thing again to toggle this option off.
Layer Style: An effect has been applied. Click the eye to turn it on or off. Double click “effects”
to open the Layer Styles options.
Layer Mask: Allows you to paint on the mask to show and reveal portions of the image.
Smart Object: A special type of layer that is actually a container that can hold; multiple (or 1)
layers, vectors for illustrator, raw files, video, 3D or many other types of objects. To learn about
Smart Objects in depth, check out this video,
رکدبتلیزاسیاثوفئ،رن،(رکدارےہ؛یتکساجیکزمیمیہکےہالمشںیممسقالعوہےکرپتاس،رپوطرےکرپترپتای:رپتیکمسق)ںی
ادناززایرپرھتراسزاہیےچینےکاس.ےہراہرکدبتلیوکرساثرنےکوہتںامتمےچینےکاسرپتدٹنمٹسجایای:رپتدٹنمٹسجایےکرکےن
لقتنمرپالنئدرایمنےکرپتراسزاہیےچینےکاساوررپتدٹنمٹسجایزوپائاےنپ:)رکںیادنازرظنوکوہتںاینبدی(دورسےےئلوکاایتخری/ال،رکںی
لےکرکےنوٹلوکاایتخراس)رپترپ(پلک.رکںیکلکےئلےکرکےندحمودوکدٹنمٹسجای.اگآےئرظنالعمایوکآپ.ڑکپۓاییہاکمرکو.
اایتخےکرپوتںرپت.ےئلےکرکےندنباثرکےندنباےسرکںیکلکرپآھکن.ےہایگایکالوگزایای:اٹسلئرپترپ"زات"ایےئلےکوھکےنلوکرات
.رکںیکلک
.ےہداتیااجزتیکرکےنٹنیپرپامکسےئلےکرکےنز ماظہاورداھکےنوکےصحےکزوصتیوکآپ:امکسرپت
ا(ثدعتمدےہ؛اتکسڑکپوجےہرنیٹنکایںیمالصوجرپتیکمسقوصخیصای:آٹکیجبامسرٹ1اخ،ورٹکیےئلےکورٹکی،وہتں)،افولئںم
،دویوی3D،رکںی پچوکدویویاس،ےئلےکاجےننںیمارےثےکآٹکیجبامسرٹںیمرہگایئ.اایشءیکااسقمدرگیےستہباث
2.7Layers Short Keys
LAYER TIPS:
Here are some useful tips for working with Photoshop Layers:
Click to select a layer
Cmd/Ctrl+click to select multiple layers
Drag your curser through the eye incons to turn the visibility on or off on multiple
layers
Cmd/Ctrl+ J to copy a layer
Cmd/Ctrl+ J to copy a selection to a new layer
Cmd/Ctrl+Shift + J to Move a selection to a new layer
Click the padlock icon on the background to convert it to a regular layer
Press Cmd/Ctrl+G to Move all the selected layers into a new group
15. Cmd+Option+Shift+E (Ctrl+Alt+Shift+E windows) to create a new merged layer
above all the other layers
Hold Option/Alt while adding a mask to create an inverted layer mask
:ںیہزاجتویدیفمھچکاہیںےئلےکرکےناکماسھتےکرپوتںاپوفوٹش
•رکںیکلکےئلےکرکےنبختنمرپتای
•ےکرکےنبختنموکوہتںدعتمدےئلCmd / Ctrlرکںیکلک+
•لےکرکےندنباثرکےناینثرظنرپوہتںدعتمدںٹیسٹھگ
ذرےعیےکوقنشےکآوھکنںوکرکرساےنپۓ
•ےئلےکرکےنلقنیکرپتCmd / Ctrl + J
•ےئلےکرکےناکیپااختنبرپرپتیئنCmd / Ctrl + J
•ےئلیکرکےنلقتنموکااختنبرپرپتیئنCmd / Ctrl + Shift + J
•ےئلےکرکےندبتلیںیمرپتےسااقدعیگثاےسرکںیکلکرپںکیئ
آڈیپکلرپرظنمسپ
•ےئلیکرکےنلقتنمںیمرگوپاینایوکوہتںرکدہبختنمامتمCmd / Ctrl + Gرکںیرپسی
•ےئلےکانبےنرپترکلماینایاورپےکوہتںدرگیامتمCmdٹفش+اایتخری+(ای+Ctrl + Alt + Shift + E)دوزوی
•وقرکےتالمشامکسایےئلےکانبےنامکسرپتوہااومثای•رکںیااتتخم/اایتخراایتخری