The discussion is about determining the geological history of an area. The woman explains that stratigraphy is the study of layers of sediment deposited over time by rivers and floods. However, geologists also need evidence like fossils to date the strata since flooding did not occur continuously. The man then asks what other evidence is used, and the woman replies that fossils are used since their age can determine the age of the surrounding rock.

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2000-08
1. Man: do you have this style shirt in my size?
Woman: I’ll check. But. . . To tell u the truth, I think this one's right for u.
Q: what does the Woman: mean?
2 Man: oh, I’m sorry, I just realized that I forgot to bring the tape recorder you lent me. I left it back
in my dorm.
Woman: that's all right. I won't need it until tonight. As long as I’ve got it my by then.
Q: what does the Woman: imply?
3 Man: so how much was your plane ticket?
Woman: more than I could really afford. I had to dip into my saving.
Q: what does the Woman: imply?
4 Woman: wed. Are going to be busy days for me next semester? Three class in the morning and
then two more in the afternoon. I won't even have time for lunch.
Man: you really should try to fit it in, you know. Those afternoon classes would be tough to sit
through if u stomach's rumbling.
Q: what does the man suggest the Woman: do?
5 Woman: you are dropping out of the marching band? But I thought you loved it. All the traveling,
playing before big crowds. .
Man: I do. But. . . With all that time away from my studies my grades are really starting to slip.
Q: what does the man mean?
6 Woman: I’m thinking of getting a new pantsuit to wear to James' wedding.
Man: I just hope that my old suit still fits. You know how I feel about shopping.
Q: what does the man imply?
7 Man: what's my share of the bill? 18. 50? That can't be right! I only had a salad for dinner.
Woman: don't get excited. Let me check them out.
Q: what will Woman: probably do next?
8 Man: I’m surprised that Sarah told her boss he was wrong to have fired his secretary.
Woman: I know. But that Sarah. . . If she has an opinion, everyone's got to know it.
Q: what does the Woman: mean?
9Man: how about a movie tonight? That new comedy is opening in town.

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Woman: sounds great, but I’ve got be finishing sketches on my psychology research paper.
Q: what does the Woman: imply?
10 Woman: you won't have to look very hard to find a job on campus. But I don't think you'll find
anything that isn't just part-time.
Man: that suits me. Anything more than that, and I have to change my class schedule.
Q: what does the man mean?
11 Man: Do u think u feel energetic enough to walk to our study group session tonight?
Woman: if there is one! I guess u haven't heard the weather reports. Over a foot of snow is
expected.
Q: what does the Woman: imply?
12 Man: oh! I turned all of my white sock pink! I threw a red t-shirt in by accident.
Woman: have u tried running them through again with bleach?
Q: what does the Woman: suggest the man do?
13 Woman: I hear that your brother is planning to transfer to another university
Man: not if I can talk him out of it. And believe me, I’m trying.
Q: what does the man imply?
14 Woman: I’d like to enroll in the free seminar u advertised in newspaper. The one on managing
your personal finances.
Man: okay. Now the ad did say that u have to have a saving account at our bank to be eligible. Do u
have one here?
Q: what does the man want to know?
15 Woman: did see the weather forecast for this weekend? I can't believe how the temperature's
going to dip.
Man: I know. That isn't my idea what oct. should be like.
Q: what does the man mean?
16 Man: this exhibit is a total bore! I can't believe they call this art.
Woman: I think I’ve seen enough.
Q: what will the Woman: probably do next?
17 Woman: we should probably think about selecting someone to lead our study group. U know,
somebody really organized.

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Man: then u can count me out.
Q: what does the man mean?
18 Woman: what do you think would be a reasonable price to pay for a new computer?
Man: you are asking the wrong person. My brother gave me mine.
Q: what does the man imply?
19 Woman: that’s a nice-looking jacket. It fits u perfectly. I sit something u bought recently?
Man: thanks. No, I’ve had it a while. I’ve just been waiting for the weather to cool down.
Q: what does the man imply?
20 Man: what's wrong with herald today? He snapped even no reason.
Woman: don't worry, it's just the end of the semester pressure. He'll be his old self next week.
Q: what does the Woman: say about herald?
21 Woman: I’m sorry. I need to work late tonight. So u should probably cancel our reservation at
the restaurant.
Man: oh, actually I’ve never got round to making one in the first place.
Q: what does the man mean?
22 Man: Professor Johnson, for my sociology project this term I’m thinking of interviewing all the
residents in town on their TV viewing habit.
Woman: well that's quite an undertaking for such a short-term project. Maybe you should to take a
little shile to think about what that would entail before making your final decision.
Q: what does the Woman: suggest the man do?
23 Man: how do I look in this new sweater I bought yesterday? I was in a hurry, so I didn’t have a
chance to try it on.
Woman: well, I really like the style. But it looks a little tight. You might want to take it back and get
the next size up.
Q: what does the Woman: suggest the man do?
24 Man: do you have any idea what it'll cost to send this little package to Australia?
Woman: you've got me! The farthest I’ve ever sent a package is Canada.
Q: what does the Woman: mean?
25 Man: this isn't the dish I ordered, but I’m glad I got it. It's delicious. Woman: as far as I’m
concerned, the waiter should still hear about it.

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Question 36 through 39
Man: let's say you are geologist, and u want to investigate the geological history of a place.
That is, how did geologists determine things like. . . Say. . How were the rocks formed? Or was an
area once under water? If so, when? How should u about it?
Woman: I’d start with stratigraphy.
Man: could u explain what this is to the class?
Woman: well, stratigraphy is the description of strata in sedimentary rock. I guess that's not so
clear, huh? Ok, let's say one of the investigators thought near a river, for example. Well, over the
history of the area, every time the river flooded, it would deposit a layer of sediment all through
with flooded, it would deposit a layer of sediment all through with floodplain. Sometimes a bigger
layer, sometimes a smaller, depending on the size of the flood. Well, one layer or stratum gets
deposited over another. Obviously these strata built up over millions of years. Stratigraphy is the
study of these layers of deposited settlement.
Man: so does that mean if I examine each of these strata, I can tell how long ago each one is
deposited?
Woman: not necessarily. U see, there might've been some years when the river didn't flood and
no settlement was deposited. You need other kinds of evidence to tell how much time might've gone
by between when one layer got deposited and one on top of it got deposited.
Man: and what are those other kinds of evidence u are talking about?
Woman: well, fossils for one. U can determine exactly how old a fossil is and that's how u can
tell how the rock surrounding it is.
Man: very good. The discovery of that particular technique is an interesting story. It was a man
named William smith who first used fossils for the purpose of dating strata back in the 1800s. Let's
take a look at how he went about making this geological breakthrough.
36 what is the discussion mainly about?
37 what does the Woman: explain when she talks about rivers?
38 according to the discussion, why are geologists unable to determine the geological age of an area
by studying sediment deposit alone?
39 what will the class probably discuss next?
Question 40 through 43;
Recently some anthropologist conducted an interesting case study in ethnology. Now ethnology as u
recall is a branch of anthropology that deals with how various cultures developed change. The study
was about the development of basket weaving by African American women who live in the
Town of Mount Pleasant, South Carolina. The town is known for its high quality sweet grass
baskets which are woven bye these women. They've been weaving the baskets for generations,
handing down the skis from mother to daughter. Some of the baskets have been place on permanent

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display at the Philadelphia museum of art. The origin of their basket weaving dates back to the 17th
century and even earlier when these women's ancestors came to the United States from the west
coast of Africa. Now, it's mainly a hobby. But back in the 17th and 18th century African and
American women wove the baskets for use on the rice plantations. There were two types of baskets
then: workbaskets and baskets for use in the home. The workbaskets were made out of the more
delicate sweet grass. They were used for everything from
Fruit baskets to baby cradles.
40 what is the talk mainly about?
41 how did the women mentioned in the talk learn to wave basket?
42 according to the speaker, what type of baskets was make out of bulrush?
43 what is the main reason that the women in South Carolina now weave baskets?
Questions 44 through 46:
This morning I want to tell u about a recent scientific discovery dealing with the relation between
plants and animals. This is about a desert shrub whose leaves can shoot up a stream of poisonous
resin a distance of six feet. Do you think it would be safe from all attacks by insects? But a recent
Study has found one insect, a beetle, that can chew its way past the plant's defense system by
cutting the mainly vein that delivers the poison to the leaves. This vein cutting is jut one method the
beetles used to prepare a safe meal. Another is by cutting a path all the way across the leave to hold
the flow of chemicals. Then they simply eat between the veins of poison. In the past, scientists who
studied inset adaptation to plant defenses have focused on chemical responses. That is how the
insects can neutral or alter the poisonous substances plants produce. What's unique about this
chewing strategy is that the beetle is actually exhibiting a behavior response to the plant's defenses
rather than the more common chemical response. It is only after a beetle's survived several
encounters with the plant' resin that it learns how to avoid the poison: by chewing through the resin
Transporting veins on the next leaf it eats. And thus gives itself a meal. However, it can take a battle
an hours an a half of careful vein cutting to prepare a small leaf that takes it only a few minutes to
Eat. So, though the method is effective, it's not very efficient.
41 what is the talk mainly about?
42 what is unusual about the desert plant?
43 how can the beetles avoid being poisoned by the plant?
Questions 47 through 50:
We're going to start our discussion of poetry in Western Europe with the Iliad and the odyssey.
These two great poems stand out as great examples of the earliest European poems. They are
believed to have been written some time between 800bc and 700bc, partly because the poems refer
to the social conditions of that time, conditions that have been validated by the findings
Of archeologists. But just who was the poet who laid down these cornerstones of western literature?

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Well, tradition ascribes them to a man named homer, but we know virtually nothing about this
homer. In fact, some say that such a poet never existed at all, that neither the Iliad nor the odyssey
was written by a single poet, but rather each poem is composed of the writings of several people.
This, anyway, is the view of a school of literary critics in the 18th century known as the analysts.
The analysts pointed to internal evidence such as variations in the literary devices used in the poem
to argue that each work was in fact a collection of several poems by several Greek authors.
Opposing the analysts were a second group of scholars called the Unitarian. They insisted that the
Iliad and the odyssey could have been the work of single poetic genius. To support their argument,
they stress among other things the consistency of the character portrayed in the poetry. This
wouldn't have been possible, they said, if they were written by many different poets. Now how we
look at the Homeric question today has been greatly influenced by someone named milman parry,
an American scholar who first presented his ideas about homer in the 1930s. So let's take a look at
parry's research and how it affects what modern day scholars think about homer.
47 what aspect of the Iliad and the odyssey does the professor mainly discuss?
48 according to the professor, what is one of the claims made by the analysts?
49 according to the Unitarians, what is one type of evidence that a single
Poet could have written both the Iliad and the odyssey?
50 what will the professor probably talk about next?