microbiology presentation

1. HISTORYOF MICROBIOLOGY
Microbiology has had a long rich history initially Central in the causes of
infections diseases. Many Individuals have made significant contribution
to the development of microbiology.
Early history of microbiology history of our answer who made the first
observations of microorganism in the mid- 1600 s, microscope was
available and an English scientist name Robert Hook made the key
observation .In the 1670 s andAntonVan Leeuwenhock made observation
of microorganism which he called and animalecules.

2. Louis pasteur and germTheory :Louis pastor work and he deviced a
series of suar naked flaskill with browth. pastor pastolated germ
theory of disease which states that microorganism and the causes
of infection disease.
Modern microbiology:modern microbiology reaches into many
fields of human endeavour,including the development of
pharmaceutical products the use of quality control methods in food
and dairy products products production. Microorganisms are used
to produce vitamins, amino acids,enzymes and growth of
supplements.

3. The
development
of
microbiology :
There emerged a GoldenAge of Microbiology during whichh many
agents of different Infectious Diseases were identified. Despite the
advances in microbiology it was rarely possible render life-saving
therapy.After the 2nd World war the antibiotics were introduced to
medicine.With the developing of vaccines in 1950 s and 1960 s,viral
diseases as polio,measles,mumps and rubella came under control.

4. Definition of
microbiology :
 Microbiology may be defined as “The science that deals with the
study of small living organisms either microscopic or
submicroscopic creatures. “

5. Definition of
medical
microbiology :
Medical microbiology is the branch of medical science that deals
with the medically important causative agents of infectious diseases
withTheir pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment.

6. Definition of nursing
microbiology :
Nursing microbiology is the application of knowledge of
mediacal microbiology at the bedside of patients during
nursing care.

7. Branches and importance of
Medical Microbiology

8. Branches of
Medical
Microbiology
1.Bacteriology Deals with bacterial anatomy,
physiology, diseases produced by
them,pathogenesis,diagnosis and
treatment
2.Virology Deals with viral anatomy, physiology,
diseases produced by
them,pathogenesis,diagnosis and
treatment
3.Mycology Deals with structure and physiology of
fungi with the diseases produced by
them andTheir pathogenesis,
diagnosis and treatment.
4.Parasitology Deals with medically important
parasites, such as protozoa and
helminthes.
5.Immunology Deals with host response to
microorganisms.
6.Clinical Microbiology Deals with organ specific microbial
diseases.

9. Importance of
Medical
Microbiology :
 Louis pasteur and Robert koch were the two scientists who put
forward this medical microbiology. Medical microbiology leads to
study of harmful microorganisms which causes diseases or
infection in healthy human body.Microorganisms can be healthy
or harmful. Protiobiotics are one of the best supplement which
cannot cure the diseases once caused to healthy being but it can
stop causing any disease or infection. Protiobiotics make the body
resistance power high.It makes immunity level good and
high.Medical microbiology generally means that the harmful
microorganisms which causes severe or acute disease or infection
to a human being.Medical microbiology can easily indentify the
source of infection or disease.

10. Definition of
microorganism :
 Microorganisms are microscopic or sub microscopic usuals
unicellular living things.

11. Classification
of
microorganism
s :
Microorganism
Cellular Acellular(virus)
(Obligate intracellular)
Eukaryotes Prokaryotes(Bacteria)
 Protozoa
 Fungi
 Algae
Extracellular Intracellular
-Most of the bacteria - Rickettsiae
-Chlamydiae

12. Define
Eukaryotes
and
Prokarotes :
 Eukaryotes : “Eu” means normal and “Karyotes” means nucleus. So,literall
eukaryotes means the cells having a normal nucleus.
 Eukaryotes are cells having a true nucleus with multiple
chromosomes,nucleollus and nucleoplasm surrounded by a nuclear
membrane and using mitotic apparatus for their division.
 Example : Human cells,protozoa,fungi,plant cells etc.
 Prokaryotes:Pro means primitive and karyotes means nucleus.
So,literally Prokarotes means the cells having a primitive nucleus.
 Prokaryotes are cells having aprimitive nucleus or nucleoid consisting of
single molecule of loosely organised DNA lacking nuclear membrane,
nucleolus, nucleoplasm and miotic apparatus.
 Example : All and only bacteria.

13. Features of
Prokarotes
and
eukaryotes :
 Features of Prokaryotes:
1. Cells have no nucleus but nucleoid.
2. Lacking nuclear membrane, nucleoplasm and mitotic
apparatus.
3. Single circular chromosome .
4. No membrane bound organelles.
5. 70 s(50s+30s) ribosome.
6. Reproduce asexually or binary fission.
7. Cell wall has peptidoglycan.

14.  Features of eukaryotes :
1. Cells have organised nucleus with DNA,nuclear membrane,
nucleolus and nucleoplasm.
2. Many linear chromosomes.
3. Membrane bound organelles present.
4. 80 s (60 s+40 s) ribosome.
5. Reproduce sexually or asexually.
6. Cells may or may not have cell walls . If,cell wall is present, it is
madd up of cellulose or chitin.

15. Deffirences
between
procaryotic
and eukaryotic
cell:
Traits Prokayotic/Bacterial
cell
Eukaryotic /Human cell
1. Size Smaller(0.02-0.2um) Larger
2.Nucleus :
• Nuclear membrane
• Nucleoli
• Chromosome
• DNA
• Absent
• Absent
• Single
• Loosely organised
• Present
• Present
• Multiple
• Well organised
3.Mitotic Division
No Yes
4.Membrane bound
organelles
(Mitochondria)
Absent Present
5.Plasmid Present Absent
6.Ribosome 70 s (30s+50s) 80s (40s + 60s)

16. Differences
between
virus and
bacteria :
Traits Virus Bacteria
1. Size Below 300 nm,small pox virus
is largest (300 nm).
Above 300 nm (e.g.
Staphylococcus 1000 nm).
2. Site Usually intracellular. Extracellular or intracellular.
3. Nucleic acid Either DNA or RNA, never
both.
Both DNA and RNA.
4. Ribosome Absent. Present.
5. Outer surface Protein capsid and lipoprotein
envelops.
Rigid wall containing
peptidoglycan layer.
6. Microscopy Not seen by light microscope. Usually seen by light
microscope.
7. Multiplication Replication or lysogeny. Binary fission.
8. Culture Cannot be cultured in artificial
and cell free media.
Can be cultured in artificial and
cell free media.
9. Metabolic activity Absent. Present.
10. Antibiotic sensitivity Resistant. Sensitive.