This document discusses vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication systems. It describes how vehicles can communicate with each other and with roadside units using technologies like Bluetooth, radar, and wireless radio frequencies. The document outlines the components involved in intelligent vehicle communication systems, including forward radar, positioning systems, and communication facilities. It also discusses challenges in ensuring security and privacy in vehicular networks and describes potential applications for vehicle communication technologies in areas like safety, traffic management, and infotainment.

1. BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY
1
DEPARTMENT OF INSTRUMENTATION
TECHNOLOGY

2. BY:-Deepak S
1BI11IT015
Under the Guidance Of:
Smt S.S.VIDYA
Asst.Prof

3. INTRODUCTION
Vehicular communication systems are a type of network in
which vehicles and roadside units are the
communicating nodes, providing each other with
information, such as safety warnings and traffic information.

4. Forward radar
Computing platform
Event data recorder (EDR)
Positioning system
Rear radar
Communication
facility
Display
Over view of smart vehicle

5. Communicating vehicles can use both infrared
and radio waves
Radio waves include VHF, micro, and millimeter
waves
Bluetooth operates at 2.4 GHz , and is reliable up
to a speed of 80 km/h and range of 80meters.
It can take up to 3 seconds to establish the
communication.
Radio Bands

6. Vehicles Parameter
There are two types of parameters: Static and Dynamic
Static Parameters:
 The static parameter indicates the size of the vehicle and the
location of its GPS receiver within itself.
Dynamic Parameters:
 The dynamic parameters are vehicle’s position (Xn,Yn), speed
acceleration, direction and the status of the brakes, steering
wheel, gas paddle, turn signal etc.

7. Classes of Information

8. Flow chart of IVC

9. Vehicle-to-Roadside
Communication
 Information is also available from roadside
sources. Car to roadside communications
use the 63 GHz band. This very high
frequency provides a very high bandwidth
link with roadside beacons.
 The vehicle drivers and passengers are
thus able to receive traffic information,
browse the web while on the move, shop
online, and even participate in video-
conferences .
 Another application that takes advantage
of vehicle-to-roadside communication
technologies is Electronic Toll Collection
(ETC).

10. Hazard Warning

11. Information sharing between vehicles

13. Vulnerabilities in IVC
 In Transit Traffic Tempering:- Nodes acting as a relay can disrupt
communication of other nodes
 Impersonation:- An attacker masquerading an emergency vehicle to
mislead other vehicles

14. Jamming:- The Jammer deliberately generates interfering
transmissions that prevents communication

15. Forgery:- Fast contamination of large portions of the
vehicular network coverage area with false information

16. Attacks on IVC
Attack 1: Bogus Traffic Information
Traffic
jam
ahead

17. Attack 3: Cheating with Identity, Position or Speed
I was not
there!

18. Attack 2:Disruption of Network Operation
SLOW
DOWN
The way
is clear

19. Challenges in IVC
 Liability Vs Privacy:- Accountability and liability of the vehicles is
required and context specific information such as coordinates, time
intervals should be possible to extract but such requirements raise
privacy concerns
 Real Time Communication:- Driver assistance applications are time
sensitive therefore security protocols should impose low processing
overhead
 Vehicular Network Scale:- With roughly billion vehicles,
the design of a facility that provides cryptographic keys is big
challenge

20. Components of Security Architecture
 Event Data Recorder:- The EDR will be responsible for recording the vehicles critical
data such as position, time, speed etc. EDR will also record
all the received safety messages
 Tamper Proof Device:- The TPD will store all the cryptographic materials and perform
cryptographic operations like signing and verifying safety
messages
 Vehicular Public Key Infrastructure:- In VPKI infrastructure Certificate Authorities will
issue certified public/private key pairs to vehicles
 Authentication:- Vehicles will sign each message with their private key and attach
corresponding certificate. Thus when another vehicle receives the
message it verifies key used to sign the message and then it
verifies the message.
 Privacy:- To conceal vehicles identity , set of anonymous keys that changes
frequently can be used. This keys are preloaded into vehicles Tamper Proof
Device for long duration

21. Application of IVC
 Information and Warning Functions:-
Dissemination of road information to vehicles distant from the subjected site
 Communication based longitudinal control:-
Exploiting the look through capacity to avoid accidents, platooning vehicles
etc.
 Co-operative Assistant Systems:-
Coordinating vehicles at critical points
 Added Value Applications:-
Internet Access, Location based services, Multiplayer games

22. Future developments
Use of radar, laser, ultrasonic sensors have certain limitations and will
not offer communication between large number of vehicles, such as
vehicles at a junction, etc. So, GPS and Wi-Fi are the two methods by
which any type of communication can be achieved in all types of
conditions. Automatically analyzing the traffic signs and signals is also
possible by incorporation if cameras onto the vehicles or emission of
warning signals directly from the traffic boards which can be read by
the receivers in the vehicles

23. Conclusion
 Design of communication protocols in IVC is extremely challenging
 Protocols have potential to support many new innovative
applications
 These technologies can greatly enhance the infotainment, safety,
comfort, communication and convenience value of new vehicles.
 As vehicles become “smarter”, security and privacy gain importance

24. ANYQUESTION?

25. THANK YOU
25