sauth delhi call girls in Bhajanpura 🔝 9953056974 🔝 escort Service
Introduction to microbiology
1. What is microbiology
Micro- too small to be seen with the
naked eye.
Bio – life
Logy- study of
Microbiology is the study of all living
organism that are too small to be
visible with the naked eye.
3. Parasitology: study of protozoa and parasitic
worms
Chemotherapy
Treatment of disease by using chemical
means
Antibiotics produced naturally
Synthetic drugs
4. Benefits
Maintain balance of environment .
Digestion, synthesis of vitamins
Synthesis of chemical products
Recycling sewage
Bioremediation: use microbes to remove toxins
(oil spills)
Normal flora
Genetic engineering
6. In 1590 first magnifier glass made by Hans &
Jansen.
First simple microscope made by Galileo
Galilei in1610.
First microscope made by Drebbel in 1618.
7. Pioneers of Microbiology
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1673)
First observed live microorganisms.
Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe
single-celled organisms that later
scientists have applied towards the
discovery of multiple-celled organisms so
without this prior knowledge, the
existence of both single and multiple-
celled organisms probably would not be
known today.
8. Con…
Schleiden and Schwann
Formulated Cell Theory: cells are the
fundamental units of life and carry out all the
basic functions of living things
9. Pioneers of Microbiology
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895).
Fermentation (1857)
Pasteurization: heat liquid enough to kill the
spores of bacteria (1864)
Vaccine development – rabies
Proposed aseptic techniques (prevent
contamination by unwanted microbes)
Director of Pasteur Institute, Paris (1894)
10. Pioneers of Microbiology
Joseph Lister, UK (1867)
Used phenol (carbolic acid) to disinfect wounds
First aseptic technique in surgery
Robert Koch (1876)
Postulates – Germ theory (1876)
11. Identified microbes that caused anthrax
(1876), tuberculosis (1882) and cholera
(1883)
Developed microbiological media & streak
plates for pure culture (1881)
12. Koch’s Postulates
The specific causative agent must be found in every
case of the disease.
The disease organism must be isolated from the
lesions of the infected case and maintained in pure
culture.
13. The pure culture, inoculated in to a
susceptible or experimental animal,
should produce the symptoms of the
disease.
The same bacterium should be re-
isolated in pure culture from the
intentionally infected animal.
14. Development of Culture Media
To enable the isolation of pure cultures
(only one type of organism)
15. Fannie Hesse, the wife of one of Koch’s
assistants, proposed using agar
Not digested by most bacteria
Melts at 100 degrees .
Used today - 2% in solid media
Richard Petri, another of Koch’s
assistants, developed the Petri dish
16. Development of Vaccines and
Antisera
Edward Jenner in 1796 discovered that
cowpox (vaccinia) induced protection against
human smallpox.
Called procedure vaccination.
17. Charles Chamberland (1851 - 1908)
identified viruses as disease-causing agents
– Tobacco Mosaic Virus
Elie Metchnikoff (1845 - 1916)
demonstrated the phagocytic cells in the
blood, thus demonstrating cell-mediated
immunity