FIELDS OF SOCIAL WORK - CHILD WELFARE.pptx

FIELDS OF SOCIAL
WORK
EMMANUEL RYAN P. FRANCISCO,RN,LPT,RSW,MSSW

Let’s Review first! What is Social Work
Practice?

GENERALIST APPROACH TO SOCIAL
WORK
 Generalist social work practitioners work with individuals, families, groups,
organizations, social policies, and communities in a variety of settings in pursuit of
social and economic justice.
 Generalist practitioners view people and systems from a strengths perspective in
order to recognize, support, and build upon the innate capabilities of all human
beings.
 They engage, assess, broker services, advocate, counsel, educate, and organize with
and on behalf of individuals, families, and collections of people.
 Generalist practitioners engage in community development, organizational
development, and evaluation in order to ensure that services are useful, effective, and
ethical.

SOCIAL WORK
CASE WORK GROUP WORK COMMUNITY ORGANIZING

APPROACHES IN SOCIAL WORK
MICRO APPROACHES
 Focus on the individual either as individual or as member of a family
or a small group and are directed toward assisting the person in
coping with environmental stress.
MACRO APPROACHES
 Directed primarily toward the community or a larger social systems
and toward producing a change in these systems
 Community Organizing, Policy Formulation
MEZZO SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE
 involves working with small groups of people.
 include facilitating substance abuse treatment groups or working with a community organization
to promote change.
 Many times social workers will find that their scope of practice is a combination of micro and
mezzo social work working towards to goal of empowering change whether it be individual, family,
cultural or organizational change.

ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS IN SOCIAL WORK
PRACTICE
CLIENT
WORKER
PROBLEM
PROCESS

PRACTICE
PLANNED CHANGE – defined as change
originating from a decision to make a deliberate
effort to improve the system and to obtain the
help of an outside agent in making this
improvement.

PRACTICE
CLIENT
 the specific system that is being helped
 consist of interrelated system ( BODY, MIND, CONCIOUS, UNCONSIOUS)
 The group: families, committee, staffs, clubs and other smaller social units
 The organization: any larger social system which comprise the community such as
business organization, welfare organization, educational institutions etc.
OUTSIDE AGENT
 AKA Professional Agent
 Works with a particular client system
 The Social Woker / Other Professionals that can help a client system

Development of the Helping
Relationship
1. PHASE 1: the client system discovers the need for help, sometimes with
stimulation by the change agent
2. PHASE 2: the helping relationship is established and defined
3. PHASE 3: The change problem is identified and clarified
4. PHASE 4: Alternative possibilities for change are examined: change goals or
intentions are established
5. PHASE 5: Change efforts in the reality situation are attempted
6. PHASE 6 : Change is generalized and stabilized
7. PHASE 7: The helping relationship ends or different type of continuing
relationship is defined.

DYNAMICS OF PLANNED CHANGE
 CHANGE FORCE – is an aspect of the situation which
INCREASES THE WILLINGNESS of the client to make a
proposed change
RESISTANCE FORCE – is an aspect of the situation which
REDUCES THE WILLINGNESS of the client system to
change.

CLIENT SYSTEM
INDIVIDUAL GROUP COMMUNITY

Application on Social Work Practice
Social Work is PLANNED
CHANGE since all social work
activities in relation to a given
problem or situation are part of
a conscious and deliberate
effort to effect change

CHILD WELFARE
- This field is concerned
with the well-being of
children and youth
through the provision of
programs and services for
their physical, social,
psychological, spiritual,
and cultural development

CHILD WELFARE’S FOCUS
1. Strengthening the relationship
between parents and child
2. The role of the family
3. The responsibility of the
community in the child’s
development
4. It also includes supplemental and
substitute child-caring services to
prevent the child’s suffering from
parental deprivation

CHILD WELFARE: WHO WILL YOU WORK
WITH?
1. Children who need protection against
condition that exploit or violate their rights
as human beings or prevent them from
enjoying their right to survival and
development.
2. These would include neglected, abandoned,
destitute or orphaned children
3. Children with physical and other forms of
disabilities
4. Children in especially difficult circumstances
including children in exploitative and hazardous
labor, street children

CHILD WELFARE: WHO WILL YOU WORK
WITH?
5. Children trapped in
substance/drug abuse
6. Physically and sexually abused
children
7. Children in situations of armed
conflict or displaced due to natural
disasters
8. Children in indigenous cultural
communities
9. Children with parents diagnosed as
HIV positive
10. Detained and convicted youthful
offenders

Two Major types of child welfare
services
Direct service- is rendered in the form of
a. Assistance to children in their own homes in the
form of material assistance, formal/informal
educational services, sports and recreation,
health services, skills training, job placement,
guidance and counselling, day care, and
correctional services
b. Child placement though residential in an
institution, foster care, or adoption

Two Major types of child welfare
services
Indirect service- is in the form of
a. Financing on a national or international
level (sponsorship of programs and
personnel/ or the provision of supplies,
equipment and certain facilities)
b.Coordination to facilitate linkages and
avoid duplication among others with
similar or related services.

Social work activities in this setting
includes:
a. Doing admission interviews with the child, his/her family
and/or significant others, culminating in the preparation of case
studies which present recommendations that will benefit the
child and his family.
b. Following through the recommendations given which may take
the form of assisting the child and his family coping with
detention and court procedures in the case of work with
juvenile offenders; or finding a suitable adoptive/foster home
in the case of a child who is for placement, or assisting youth
with referral to appropriate community resources
c. Actually conducting individual counseling or group sessions
with the child and/or his family whenever the helping plans
call for these

includes:
d. Interpreting the child’s needs and
problems to the staff/other members of
the helping team such as the
houseparents, teachers, doctors etc.
e. Following up the adjustment of the
child if he is with foster or adoptive
parents
f. Planning appropriate activities with the
youth to meet to meet their individual as
well as group needs

includes:
g. Preparing the child for
discharge/placement in the case
of children in residential homes.
h. Recommending discharge of
the client or closure of the court
case if conditions call for it

Social workers are involved in work
relating to :
 is a legal process whereby a child who
is deprived of a birth family is provided
with substitute new ties
Ra 8552 :AN ACT ESTABLISHING
THE RULES AND POLICIES ON
THE DOMESTIC ADOPTION OF
FILIPINO CHILDREN AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES

relating to :
Section 2. Declaration of Policies. –
(a) It is hereby declared the policy of the State to
ensure that every child remains under the care and
custody of his/her parent(s) and be provided with
love, care, understanding and security towards the
full and harmonious development of his/her
personality. Only when such efforts prove
insufficient and no appropriate placement or
adoption within the child's extended family is
available shall adoption by an unrelated person be
considered.

relating to : Section 2. Declaration of Policies. –
(b) In all matters relating to the care, custody and
adoption of a child, his/her interest shall be the
paramount consideration in accordance with the tenets
set forth in the United Nations (UN) Convention on the
Rights of the Child; UN Declaration on Social and Legal
Principles Relating to the Protection and Welfare of
Children with Special Reference to Foster Placement
and Adoption, Nationally and Internationally; and the
Hague Convention on the Protection of Children and
Cooperation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption.
Toward this end, the State shall provide alternative
protection and assistance through foster care or
adoption for every child who is neglected, orphaned,
or abandoned.

relating to :
Section 3. Definition of Terms.
(a) "Child" is a person below eighteen (18) years of
age.
(b) "A child legally available for adoption" refers to a
child who has been voluntarily or involuntarily
committed to the Department or to a duly licensed
and accredited child-placing or child-caring agency,
freed of the parental authority of his/her biological
parent(s) or guardian or adopter(s) in case of
rescission of adoption.
(c) "Voluntarily committed child" is one whose
parent(s) knowingly and willingly relinquishes parental
authority to the Department.

(d) "Involuntarily committed child" is one whose parent(s),
known or unknown, has been permanently and judicially
deprived of parental authority due to abandonment;
substantial, continuous, or repeated neglect; abuse; or
incompetence to discharge parental responsibilities.
(e) "Abandoned child" refers to one who has no proper
parental care or guardianship or whose parent(s) has
deserted him/her for a period of at least six (6) continuous
months and has been judicially declared as such.
(f) "Supervised trial custody" is a period of time within
which a social worker oversees the adjustment and
emotional readiness of both adopter(s) and adoptee in
stabilizing their filial relationship.

(g) "Department" refers to the Department of Social Welfare
and Development.
(h) "Child-placing agency" is a duly licensed and accredited
agency by the Department to provide comprehensive child
welfare services including, but not limited to, receiving
applications for adoption, evaluating the prospective
adoptive parents, and preparing the adoption home study.
(i) "Child-caring agency" is a duly licensed and accredited
agency by the Department that provides twenty four (24)-
hour residential care services for abandoned, orphaned,
neglected, or voluntarily committed children.
(j) "Simulation of birth" is the tampering of the civil registry
making it appear in the birth records that a certain child was
born to a person who is not his/her biological mother,
causing such child to lose his/her true identity and status.

Section 7. Who May Adopt. – The following may adopt:
(a) Any Filipino citizen of legal age, in possession
of full civil capacity and legal rights, of good
moral character, has not been convicted of any
crime involving moral turpitude, emotionally and
psychologically capable of caring for children, at
least sixteen (16) years older than the adoptee,
and who is in a position to support and care for
his/her children in keeping with the means of
the family. The requirement of sixteen (16) year
difference between the age of the adopter and
adoptee may be waived when the adopter is the
biological parent of the adoptee, or is the
spouse of the adoptee's parent;

(b) Any alien possessing the same qualifications
as above stated for Filipino nationals: Provided,
That his/her country has diplomatic relations
with the Republic of the Philippines, that he/she
has been living in the Philippines for at least
three (3) continuous years prior to the filing of
the application for adoption and maintains such
residence until the adoption decree is entered,
that he/she has been certified by his/her
diplomatic or consular office or any appropriate
government agency that he/she has the legal
capacity to adopt in his/her country, and that
his/her government allows the adoptee to enter
his/her country as his/her adopted
son/daughter:

Provided, Further, That the requirements on residency and
certification of the alien's qualification to adopt in his/her country
may be waived for the following:
(i) a former Filipino citizen who seeks to adopt a relative within the
fourth (4th) degree of consanguinity or affinity; or
(ii) one who seeks to adopt the legitimate son/daughter of his/her
Filipino spouse; or
(iii) one who is married to a Filipino citizen and seeks to adopt
jointly with his/her spouse a relative within the fourth (4th) degree
of consanguinity or affinity of the Filipino spouse; or
(c) The guardian with respect to the ward after the termination of
the guardianship and clearance of his/her financial
accountabilities.

Section 8. Who May Be Adopted. – The following may be
adopted:
(a) Any person below eighteen (18) years of age who has
been administratively or judicially declared available for
adoption;
(b) The legitimate son/daughter of one spouse by the other
spouse;
(c) An illegitimate son/daughter by a qualified adopter to
improve his/her status to that of legitimacy;
(d) A person of legal age if, prior to the adoption, said
person has been consistently considered and treated by the
adopter(s) as his/her own child since minority;
(e) A child whose adoption has been previously rescinded;
or
(f) A child whose biological or adoptive parent(s) has
died: Provided, That no proceedings shall be initiated within
six (6) months from the time of death of said parent(s).

Section 11. Case Study. – No petition
for adoption shall be set for hearing
unless a licensed social worker of the
Department, the social service office of
the local government unit, or any child-
placing or child-caring agency has made
a case study of the adoptee, his/her
biological parent(s), as well as the
adopter(s), and has submitted the report
and recommendations on the matter to
the court hearing such petition.

Section 12. Supervised Trial Custody. – No petition for
adoption shall be finally granted until the adopter(s) has
been given by the court a supervised trial custody period
for at least six (6) months within which the parties are
expected to adjust psychologically and emotionally to
each other and establish a bonding relationship. During
said period, temporary parental authority shall be vested
in the adopter(s).
The court may motu proprio or upon motion of any party
reduce the trial period if it finds the same to be in the best
interest of the adoptee, stating the reasons for the
reduction of the period. However, for alien adopter(s),
he/she must complete the six (6)-month trial custody
except for those enumerated in Sec. 7 (b) (i) (ii) (iii).
If the child is below seven (7) years of age and is placed
with the prospective adopter(s) through a pre-adoption
placement authority issued by the Department, the
prospective adopter(s) shall enjoy all the benefits to which
biological parent(s) is entitled from the date the adoptee is
placed with the prospective adopter(s).

LEGAL GUARDIANSHIP
◦ a process undertaken to provide substitute
parental care through the appointment of
a legal guardian for the child, including his
property, until the child reaches the age of
maturity.
◦ A.M. No. 03-02-05-SC
[MAY 01, 2003]
RE: PROPOSED RULE ON GUARDIANSHIP
OF MINORS

LEGAL GUARDIANSHIP
◦ Sec. 2. Who may petition for appointment of
guardian. – On grounds authorized by law,
any relative or other person on behalf of a
minor, or the minor himself if fourteen years of
age or over, may petition the Family Court for
the appointment of a general guardian over
the person or property, or both, of such minor.
The petition may also be filed by the Secretary
of Social Welfare and Development and by
the Secretary of Health in the case of an
insane minor who needs to be hospitalized.

LEGAL GUARDIANSHIP
Sec. 4. Grounds of petition. - The grounds
for the appointment of a guardian over the
person or property, or both, of a minor are
the following:chanroblesvirtuallawlibrary
(a) death, continued absence, or incapacity
of his parents;
(b) suspension, deprivation or termination of
parental authority; chan (c) remarriage of
his surviving parent, if the latter Is found
unsuitable to exercise parental authority; or
(d) when the best interests of the minor so
require.cralaw

LEGAL GUARDIANSHIP
Sec. 5. Qualifications of guardians. – In appointing a
guardian, the court shall consider the
guardian’s:chanroblesvirtuallawlibrary
(a) moral character;
(b) physical, mental and psychological condition;
(c) financial status;
(d) relationship of trust with the minor;
(e) availability to exercise the powers and duties of a
guardian for the full period of the guardianship;
(f) lack of conflict of interest with the minor;
and cralaw
(g) ability to manage the property of the
minor.cralaw

LEGAL
GUARDIANSHIP
Sec. 6. Who may be appointed guardian of the
person or property, or both, of a minor. – In default
of parents or a court-appointed guardian, the court
may appoint a guardian of the person or property, or
both, of a minor, observing as far as practicable, the
following order of
preference:chanroblesvirtuallawlibrary
(a) the surviving grandparent and In case several
grandparents survive, the court shall select any of
them taking Into account all relevant considerations;
(b) the oldest brother or sister of the minor
over twenty-one years of age, unless unfit or
disqualified;
(c) the actual custodian of the minor over
twenty-one years of age, unless unfit or
disqualified; and cralaw
(d) any other person, who in the sound
discretion of the court, would serve the best
interests of the minor.cralaw

LEGAL
GUARDIANSHIP
Sec. 9. Case study report. – The court
shall order a social worker to conduct a
case study of the minor and all the
prospective guardians and submit his
report and recommendation to the court
for its guidance before the scheduled
hearing. The social worker may intervene
on behalf of the minor if he finds that the
petition for guardianship should be
denied.

FOSTER CARE
orefers to a substitute temporary parental
care provided to a child by licensed foster
family under the supervision of a social
worker.
◦ Republic Act No. 10165 :"Foster Care Act
Of 2012.“
◦ An Act To Strengthen And Propagate
Foster Care And To Provide Funds
Therefor

FOSTER CARE ◦ Section 2. Declaration of Policy. – Article XV
of the Constitution provides that the State
shall defend the right of children to
assistance, including proper care and
nutrition, and special protection from all
forms of neglect, abuse, cruelty, exploitation
or other conditions prejudicial to their
development.
◦ It is hereby declared the policy of the State
to provide every child who is neglected,
abused, surrendered, dependent,
abandoned, under sociocultural difficulties,
or with special needs with an alternative
family that will provide love and care as well
as opportunities for growth and
development.

FOSTER CARE ◦Section 2. Declaration of
Policy.
◦ The State shall guarantee that all the lights of the child
enumerated under Article 3 of Presidential Decree No.
603, otherwise known as "The Child and Youth Welfare
Code", as amended, and the rights found under Article
20 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of
the Child shall be observed.
◦ The State recognizes that in most cases, a child will
benefit more from foster care than institutional care.
Towards this end, the State shall systematize and
enhance the foster care program in the country. It shall
ensure that the foster family shall provide a wholesome
atmosphere to the foster child. Further to this end, the
State recognizes that foster care is an important step
towards the child’s return and reintegration to his
biological parents or placement with an adoptive
family.

FOSTER CARE
Section 3. Definition of Terms. – For purposes of
this Act, the following terms are defined:
(a) Agency refers to any child-caring or child-
placing institution licensed and accredited by the
Department of Social Welfare and Development
(DSWD) to implement the foster care program.
(b) Child refers to a person below eighteen (18)
years of age, or one who is over eighteen (18) but is
unable to fully take care of or protect oneself from
abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation or discrimination
because of a physical or mental disability or
condition.
(c) Child Case Study Report refers to a written
report prepared by a social worker containing all the
necessary information about a child.

FOSTER CARE d) Child with Special Needs refers to a
child with developmental or physical
disability.
(e) Family refers to the parents or brothers
and sisters, whether of the full or half-
blood, of the child.
(f) Foster Care refers to the provision of
planned temporary substitute parental care
to a child by a foster parent.
(g) Foster Child refers to a child placed
under foster care.
(h) Foster Family Care License refers to
the document issued by the DSWD
authorizing the foster parent to provide
foster care.

FOSTER CARE (i) Foster Parent refers to a person, duly
licensed by the DSWD, to provide foster care.
(j) Foster Placement Authority (FPA) refers to
the document issued by the DSWD authorizing
the placement of a particular child with the foster
parent.
(k) Home Study Report refers to a written
report prepared by a social worker containing
the necessary information on a prospective
parent or family member.
(l) Matching refers to the judicious pairing of a
child with foster parent and family members
based on the capacity and commitment of the
foster parent to meet the individual needs of the
particular child and the capacity of the child to
benefit from the placement.

FOSTER CARE
(m) Parent refers to the biological or
adoptive parent or legal guardian of a
child.
(n) Placement refers to the physical
transfer of the child with the foster
parent.
(o) Relatives refer to the relatives of
a child, other than family members,
within the fourth degree of
consanguinity or affinity.
(p) Social Worker refers to the
registered and licensed social worker
of the DSWD, local government unit
(LGU) or agency.

FOSTER CARE Section 4. Who May Be Placed Under Foster
Care. – The following may be placed in
foster care:
(a) A child who is abandoned, surrendered,
neglected, dependent or orphaned;
(b) A child who is a victim of sexual,
physical, or any other form of abuse or
exploitation;
(c) A child with special needs;

FOSTER CARE
Section 4. Who May Be Placed Under Foster
foster care”
(d) A child whose family members are
temporarily or permanently unable or
unwilling to provide the child with
adequate care;
(e) A child awaiting adoptive placement
and who would have to be prepared for
family life;
(f) A child who needs long-term care and
close family ties but who cannot be placed
for domestic adoption;
(g) A child whose adoption has been
disrupted

FOSTER CARE
Section 4. Who May Be Placed Under Foster
foster care”
(h) A child who is under socially difficult
circumstances such as, but not limited to, a
street child, a child in armed conflict or a
victim of child labor or trafficking;
(i) A child who committed a minor offense
but is released on recognizance, or who is
in custody supervision or whose case is
dismissed; and
(j) A child who is in need of special
protection as assessed by a social worker,
an agency or the DSWD.

FOSTER CARE
Section 5. Who May Be a Foster Parent. – An applicant
who meets all of the following qualifications may be a
foster parent:
(a) Must be of legal age;
(b) Must be at least sixteen (16) years older than the
child unless the foster parent is a relative;
(c) Must have a genuine interest, capacity and
commitment in parenting and is able to provide a
familial atmosphere for the child;
(d) Must have a healthy and harmonious relationship
with each family member living with him or her;
(e) Must be of good moral character;

FOSTER CARE
Section 5. Who May Be a Foster Parent. – An applicant
who meets all of the following qualifications may be a
foster parent:
(f) Must be physically and mentally capable and
emotionally mature;
(g) Must have sufficient resources to be able to provide
for the family’s needs;
(h) Must be willing to further hone or be trained on
knowledge, attitudes and skills in caring for a child; and
(i) Must not already have the maximum number of
children under his foster care at the time of application
or award, as may be provided in the implementing rules
and regulations (IRR) of this Act.

FOSTER CARE Section 21. Assistance to a Foster Child. –
(a) Foster Child Subsidy. – A foster child, through the
agency, shall be entitled to a monthly subsidy from the
DSWD, subject to existing government auditing rules and
regulations. The subsidy is primarily aimed at supporting
the expenses of the child to lessen the financial burden on
the foster parent: Provided, That support may be waived if
the foster parent is capable of supporting the foster child.
(b) Health Insurance. – A foster child shall automatically
be a PhilHealth beneficiary of the foster parent and as
such, entitled to health insurance benefits. If the foster
parent is not a PhilHealth member, he must seek
enrollment with PhilHealth. LGUs and agencies shall
provide assistance to the foster parents to ensure
enrollment.

FOSTER CARE
Section 22. Assistance and Incentives to Foster Parent. –
(a) Support Care Services. – The DSWD, the social service
units of LGUs and agencies shall provide support care services
to include, but not limited to, counseling, visits, training on
child care and development, respite care, skills training and
livelihood assistance.
(b) Additional Exemption for Dependents. – For purposes
of claiming the Twenty-five thousand pesos (PhP 25,000.00)
additional exemption for foster parents for each dependent
not exceeding four (4) as provided for by Republic Act No.
9504, the definition of the term "dependent" under Section
35(B) of the National Internal Revenue Code (NIRC) of 1997
shall be amended to include "foster child": Provided, That all
other conditions provided for under the aforesaid section of
the NIRC of 1997 must be complied with: Provided, further.
That this additional exemption shall be allowed only if the
period of foster care is at least a continuous period of one (1)
taxable year.

Residential institutional care
◦ this provides temporary 24-
hour residential group care to
children whose needs cannot,
at the time, be adequately met
by their biological parents and
other alternative family care
arrangements.

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