2. “From The Wellhead Through The Pipeline…Hanover People Perform.”
AGENDA
Basic Definitions
Warning Levels
Design Considerations
3. “From The Wellhead Through The Pipeline…Hanover People Perform.”
Definitions
Displacement
Velocity
Frequency
Natural Frequency
Resonance
4. “From The Wellhead Through The Pipeline…Hanover People Perform.”
Definitions
Displacement
The total distance traveled by the vibrating part, from
one extreme limit of travel to the other extreme limit of
travel
Displacement is usually expressed in mils peak - peak
where
1 mil = 0.001 inch
5. “From The Wellhead Through The Pipeline…Hanover People Perform.”
Definitions
Velocity
The speed of the vibration. Most often expressed as
inches per second (in/sec) peak.
The velocity is used to rate the severity of the vibration
and can be used without a known frequency.
6. “From The Wellhead Through The Pipeline…Hanover People Perform.”
Definitions
Frequency
The cycle of the vibration or The time the system takes to
complete one full oscillation. Often expressed in cycles
per minute (cpm)
Helps to tell what is causing the vibration.
7. “From The Wellhead Through The Pipeline…Hanover People Perform.”
Definitions
Natural Frequency
The frequency at which the component naturally wants to
vibrate.
In general, all calculated mechanical natural
frequencies should exceed 2.4 x Crankshaft speed.
8. “From The Wellhead Through The Pipeline…Hanover People Perform.”
Definitions
Harmonic Orders of Vibration
Compressor Speed = > Frequency
900 RPM = Compressor Speed
1800 cpm = 2 x RPM
2700 cpm = 3 x RPM
etc.
9. “From The Wellhead Through The Pipeline…Hanover People Perform.”
Definitions
Resonance
The condition where a forcing frequency coincides with a
natural frequency of a system or one of its major
harmonic orders
Mechanical Frequency = Natural Frequency
(Compressor Speed) (Pipe N.F.)
10. “From The Wellhead Through The Pipeline…Hanover People Perform.”
Warning Levels
Initial Data
Velocity - 1.0 in/s
If Velocity > 1.0 in/s
Displacement - 10 to 15 mils
11. “From The Wellhead Through The Pipeline…Hanover People Perform.”
Positions and Directions
16. “From The Wellhead Through The Pipeline…Hanover People Perform.”
Support Suggestions
“If the piping system for a packaged
compressor contains unusually large and
heavy pulsation vessels, or a piping
configuration that will induce high static
and dynamic loading on the cylinders, the
use of a cylinder support for any size
cylinder and frame arrangement is
recommended by some manufacturers.”
17. “From The Wellhead Through The Pipeline…Hanover People Perform.”
Outer-End Supports
Bolted to main member of skid.
Not “A-frame type.”
Proper Ribbing and Gussets
Skid beam ribbed at support
attachment
Sole plates and shims
18. “From The Wellhead Through The Pipeline…Hanover People Perform.”
Design Considerations
Outer-end Supports
Piping
Relief Valves
19. “From The Wellhead Through The Pipeline…Hanover People Perform.”
Piping
Lack of Support
Improper Spacing
Pulled down to support
Forced into place
“S” in piping
Solid grout under support
Pulsation
21. “From The Wellhead Through The Pipeline…Hanover People Perform.”
Piping
Lack of Support
Improper Spacing
Pulled down to support
Forced into place
“S” in piping
Grout under support
Pulsation
22. “From The Wellhead Through The Pipeline…Hanover People Perform.”
Piping
Lack of Support
Improper Spacing
Pulled down to support
Forced into place
“S” in piping
Grout under support
Pulsation
23. “From The Wellhead Through The Pipeline…Hanover People Perform.”
Piping
Lack of Support
Improper Spacing
Pulled down to support
Forced into place
“S” in piping
Grout under support
Pulsation
24. “From The Wellhead Through The Pipeline…Hanover People Perform.”
Piping
Lack of Support
Improper Spacing
Pulled down to support
Forced into place
“S” in piping
Grout under support
Pulsation
25. “From The Wellhead Through The Pipeline…Hanover People Perform.”
Piping
Lack of Support
Improper Spacing
Pulled down to support
Forced into place
“S” in piping
Grout under support
Pulsation
26. “From The Wellhead Through The Pipeline…Hanover People Perform.”
Design Considerations
Outer-end Supports
Piping
Relief Valves
27. “From The Wellhead Through The Pipeline…Hanover People Perform.”
Relief Valves
Lack of Support on piping
Vent Line
28. “From The Wellhead Through The Pipeline…Hanover People Perform.”
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
29. “From The Wellhead Through The Pipeline…Hanover People Perform.”
Questions ?