Presentation given during the \'Workshop on Governance of Climate Change in Delta Metropolises\'

1. Climate Change Adaptation in Delta Cities: Financial Issues Marloes H.N. Bakker Symposium on the Governance of Climate Change in Delta Metropolises 8-9 July 2010, Hong Kong

5. What will the potential adaptation costs? Range of estimations: US$ 9 – US$ 166 billion per year Study Covered areas Annual costs (US$) Time Frame World Bank (2006) Adaptation investments in developing nations 9-41 billion Present Stern (2006) Developing countries Developed countries 4-37 billion 15-150 billion Present Not specified Oxfam (2007) Adaptation investments in developing nations 50 billion (min) Present UNFCCC (2007) Developing countries Developed countries Global 28-67 billion 21-104 billion 44-166 billion 2030 Kirshen (2007) Adaptation in the water sector 23 billion 8-130 billion 2030 Human Development Report 2007 New and additional financing for pro-poor adaptation 86 billion 2015 Parry et al. (2009) 2 to 3 times UNFCCC Global 2030 World Bank / EACC (2009) Adaptation costs in developing countries 78-90 billion 2010-2050

7. So who will (have to) pay? Current international financing mechanisms for adaptation Roughly about USD 8,5 billion Remember: Adaptation in water sector USD 531 billion from now to 2030 In addition: By 2030: USD 28-67 billion to finance adaptation in developing countries (UNFCCC)

10. … take climate change into account when designing new infrastructure Maeslant Barrier, the Netherlands

11. … take climate change into account when designing new infrastructure Confederation Bridge, Canada 1 metre higher than required