6. DEEP WATER CURRENTS:
90% of water in ocean
Waters move around the
ocean basins by density
differences
Density differences a function
of different temperatures and
salinity
7. TWO TYPES OF FORCES:
Primary Forces: Start the
water moving:
Solar Heating
Winds
Gravity
Coriolis Effect
Secondary Forces: Influence
where the current goes
8. SOLAR HEATING:
Causes water to expand
Water is about 8 cm higher
than middle latitudes, thus
water wants to flow down
slope
9. WINDS:
Winds blowing on surface of
the ocean push the water
Water piles up in the direction
the wind is blowing
11. CORIOLIS EFFECT:
An inertial effect due to the
spinning of the earth
When going towards pole
you are coming from an
area that is moving faster,
thus the deflection with the
direction of the Earth’s
rotation
When going to the equator,
the deflection goes against
the spin of the Earth, due to
the spin of the Earth
12. GYRES:
The effect of winds and
Coriolis effect results in
circular flows of water made
of several currents
13. EKMAN TRANSPORT:
Surface water is
blown away by
winds, dragging
the water beneath
it
The deflection due
to Coriolis Effect
creates a spiral
pattern and a net
current to the right
or left of wind
Results in
14. UPWELLING:
Nutrient rich water from the
deeper parts of the ocean
rises to the surface to replace
the water blown away
Animation:
15. DEEP WATER CIRCULATION:
Occur where the temperature
is cold and relatively high in
salinity
Thermohaline Circulation
Thermo = heat, haline = salt
16. EARTH CONVEYOR BELT
Salt rich, warm water is blown
north by the Gulf Stream, where
is cools and sinks
This provides heat to the polar
regions and nutrients
everywhere
Possibly disrupted by global
warming
17.
18. LOCAL CURRENTS:
formed by a combination of
tides, winds, waves, and
rivers/streams
Longshore currents and rip
currents
19. LONGSHORE CURRENTS:
When waves strike the
shoreline at an oblique angle,
causing resultant waves to
move parallel with the
shoreline
20. RIP CURRENTS:
Formed when waves push the
water in front of it sideways
till it can find a path out to sea