What scientific mechanism for evolution did Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace propose in 1858? Describe how this concept works. What is the difference between microevolution and macroevolution? Solution 1. Charles Darwin during 1858 had proposed the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection, where he has said that organisms change over time as a result of changes in heritable physical or behavioral traits. Changes that allow an organism to better adapt to its environment will help it survive and have more offspring. Alfred Wallace who is also called the Father of Biogeography, studied the geographical distribution of animal species and said the evolution is caused due to environmental pressures on varieties of species it forces different species to adapt themselves to the local conditions, leading to different populations in different locations. Both groups of scientists have said that natural selection is the single most and important factor in evolutionary changes seen in species. Scientifically, This concept works due to different phenomenon such as: a)Mutation- It is the Sudden change in the genetic makeup of an organism.And it is the driving force of evolution, which influences the population’s gene pool.The change in the genetic makeup of organism which favors the life of species makes it the fittest to survive! b)Genetic Drift-It can occur when a small group of individuals leaves a population and establishes a new one in a geographically isolated region.It occurs in a large population and helps the population to survive. c)Natural selection-This happens when populations of organisms are subjected to the environment. The fittest creatures are more likely to survive and pass their genes to their offspring, producing a population that is better adapted to the environment. 2.MicroEvolution-Microevolution is defined as changes in gene frequency in a population from one generation to the next.These small changes in species occur by recombining existing genetic material within the group of same species. Micro Evolution is caused due to Mutation, Migration or Gene Flow, Genetic Drift and Selection (natural and artificial). Macro Evolution: It refers to major evolutionary changes over time, the origin of new types of organisms from previously existing, but different, ancestral types.It is an evolution on a larger scale where we find the descent of many species from one common ancestor over billions of years.It is very difficult to see the Macro Evolution happening because it takes a longer time to happen. But Instead, we can reconstruct the history of life using all available evidence like geology, fossils, and living organisms..