2. Market Model: Society’s needs can be met without regulation via demand and supply. media are like any other good or service “ a toaster with pictures”. so long as there is enough competition business will respond to peoples’ needs.
3. Public service broadcasting Each person is important not just bigger spenders. Since media are vital to democracy they cannot be just business. Citizens not consumers. Convenience and necessity not dollars. Public convenience and necessity To inform educate and entertain. BBC vs NBC vs PTV
4. The public sphere PTV Geo bbc Habermas: Frankfurt school, Marxist critic of capitalism - Assembly and dialogue - to generate ideas and attitudes - that affirm or challenge and so guide government - In a democracy- public opinion legitimates authority remember what Innis said about public opinion?
5. Media’s special role Watchdogs/ fourth estate. Inform public opinion. These roles require media to be free from manipulation. Who manipulates media depending on the kind of system in play it can be OWNERS GOVT CORPORATIONS BUREAUCRACIES COURTS
6. Food for thought - Who trains journalists to fulfill their special role. - Media are made up of people not aliens. - What other factors besides commerce can prevent - Media from fulfilling their obligations to democracy? - Is information and access to media a human right?
7. Advantages of Markets: Efficiency Responsiveness Flexibility Innovation Disadvantages of Markets: Undemocratic Reproduce inequality Amoral Do not meet social needs Do not meet democratic needs
8. Does the trend of integration make media more or less Competitive as a business Critics says: Less Supporters say: changes in tech mean this argument is moot
9. Why are media not like toasters? -Special legal protections -Advertisers not consumers pay -Media has special functions in a democratic society -Media broadcasters are using a scarce public resource- the airwaves -Toasters do not impact the national interest/ national security
13. Central Questions What are horizontal and vertical integration? Give examples from the media world. Why do you think businesses might like to pursue integration? Why should the public worry about media monopolies or concentration of ownership in the media? What is convergence? Why do media companies target the global market? What is the Public Sphere. What do you think are the weaknesses and strengths of each system , what would you prefer for Pakistan, why?
