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- 2. St. Laurence College Loughlinstown Senior Group Art Competition Entry A triptych entitled ‘Triangles in the Park’. This year we focused on the history of the Pink Triangle We explored Paragraph 175 of the German Laws used in the Weimar Republic and continued during the War years and beyond We discovered the symbolism of the Berlin Holocaust Memorial to gay Men persecuted under Nazism and the controversies surrounding its unveiling. With the help of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum website we examined artefacts from the period including photographs of prisoners We imagined the story unfolding in the photograph in slide number 6 and the absence of the pink triangle in either man’s clothes We learned about the persecution of these men and how a shape was used to discriminate and mark them in a similar way as the Star of David was used to brand Jews
- 3. In the design of the panels we used the powerpoint slides included in this presentation We played the ‘Shape Game’ devised by Anthony Browne with classes in 4th, 5th and 6th to reclaim the power of shapes to foster imagination and growth mindset We followed up with lessons about sexual identity from the S.P.H.E TRUST Pack for Senior Cycle We based our panels on these lessons and at the same time mirroring artwork from Anthony Browne’s ‘Voice in the Park’ We also wanted to mark the 1916 Rising Anniversary with an artistic reaction to the Proclamations ideal of equality and mark the historic result of the Marriage Referendum!
- 9. Male homosexuality was illegal in Weimar Germany under Paragraph 175 of the criminal code The Nazis posed as moral crusaders who wanted to stamp out the "vice" of homosexuality from Germany in order to help win the. racial struggle Once they took power in 1933, the Nazis intensified persecution of German male homosexuals Persecution ranged from the dissolution of homosexual organizations to internment in concentration camps Paragraph 175 http://www.ushmm.org/
- 11. SS chief Heinrich Himmler directed the increasing persecution of homosexuals in the Third Reich Lesbians were not regarded as a threat to Nazi racial policies and were generally not targeted for persecution Similarly, the Nazis generally did not target non-German homosexuals unless they were active with German partners
- 12. In 1934, the Gestapo instructed local police forces to keep lists of all men engaged in homosexual activities Police in many parts of Germany had in fact been doing this for years The Nazis used these "pink lists" to hunt down individual homosexuals during police actions Between 1933 and 1945 the police arrested an estimated 100,000 men as homosexuals Most of the 50,000 men sentenced by the courts spent time in regular prisons, and between 5,000 and 15,000 were interned in concentration camps.
- 14. Prisoners marked by pink triangles to signify homosexuality were treated harshly in the camps According to many survivor accounts, homosexuals were among the most abused groups in the camps
- 15. One avenue of survival available to some homosexuals was castration, which some criminal justice officials advocated as a way of "curing" sexual deviance. Homosexual defendants in criminal cases or concentration camps could agree to castration in exchange for lower sentences. Later, judges and SS camp officials could order castration without the consent of a homosexual prisoner.
- 17. The inspiration for the panel designs come from Anthony Browne’s ‘Voices in the Park’ children book. The connection between the three pages/designs are shown next. This children’s book is actually a complex picture book with hidden meaning for adults. It is about four people who visit a park and the reader learns about ‘perspectives’ as they explore their different journeys. It is a fitting book to mirror for a Yellow Flag project. Learning about the perspective and experience of others is embedded in the meaning of the flag. The panels explore voices from the Holocaust, the voices of people in Ireland today who voted in the referendum and the voices of secondary school students on issues of equality and discrimination.
- 20. Panel 1: Man Walking in the Park 5th YearArtist- Panel 1. I asked him today to describe the symbolism behind the design. ‘The man’s shadow is front of him. He was a prisoner in Auschwitz and he had to wear the Pink Triangle. He survived but the shadow in front of him shows that the past changes you. It stays with you into your future. Your past makes you who you are. The Cuboid grey block is the Holocaust Memorial in Berlin. The film inside shows two men sharing a kiss. It goes to show that even in this grey box there is light inside, even in the Holocaust love endured. I included the rainbow to reflect the rainbow flag and I added two grey people in the distance. They are mysterious. When you look at the panel it shows them just together. They could be men or women but it doesn’t matter. A Transition Year student designed the trees using the triangle from the ‘Shape Game.’ The hats on the lamp posts reflect the hat worn by the character in the panels and the original design from ‘Voices in the Park.’
- 24. Panel 2: Man Reading in the Park A Transition Year student painted this panel. The man from panel number one is now reading a newspaper. She included a dog designed by a 5th Year student from the ‘Shape Game.’ The dog is featured in the background. She also included the Auschwitz prisoner number of the man in the photograph from the USHMM.org online exhibit used in the Pink Triangle lesson. The number is carved into the tree in the background. We originally intended to put a Pizza and Cream advertisement on one side of the newspaper with more designs from the Shape Game and some statistics about homophobic bullies on the other page. However, during the midterm break Mary McAleese launched the LGBT Ireland Report with GLEN and the artist used this research to cover both pages of the newspaper and to makes this middle panel relevant for what is happening in Ireland today.
- 27. Panel 3: Park Gates-Ireland 2016 Another Tranistion Year Student designed this panel. Like panel one it is full of symbolism. The central figure with the kite was designed during the ‘Shape Game.’ She described her work today. ‘The woman is Éire. She is flying a rainbow kite because things have changed in Ireland with the Marriage Referendum. There is more equality now but this has taken along time to happen. We discussed the 1916 proclamation and the dream of an equal society as we painted this. The sand timer in the park is shifting slowly showing the slow passage of time. But the torches in the park symbolism hope and we have moved on from the Holocaust and the Pink Triangle. I put the tower of Auschwitz in the background to show that it needs to be in the past. I painted the tops of the pillar to remind people in this new Ireland what actually happened in the past.