Planning a Short Talk
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This document provides a basic template for planning a short talk or speech with 3 key elements: an introduction to establish the topic and core message, a body with 3 supporting points, and a conclusion that recaps the main points and core message. This simple 3-part outline structure of telling the audience what will be said, telling them, and then telling them what was said works effectively across many types of communications from speeches and stories to reports and emails.
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Outlining
Sections 14.1-2
The Fun of Outlining
and
Why Outlining?
The Fun of Outlining The more fully you can come to understand the outline as both rule-bound and creative, the more fully you will experience its usefulness and its power to deliver your message in a unified, coherent way.If you omit a step in reasoning, your speech will be vulnerable to lapses in logic, lapses in the evidence you need to make your case, and the risk of becoming a disjointed, disorienting message.In a speech, you must be attentive to reasoning in logical steps so that your audience understands the meaning you intend to convey.
Why Outline?
Background In order for your speech to be as effective as possible, it needs to be organized into logical patterns.Information will need to be presented in a way your audience can understand.
Why Standard OutlinesYou can make decisions about your main points more clearly.You can more easily examine the specific information you will use to support those points.You can analyze the language you will use within the speech.
What happens if you don’t use an outline?You’ll lose logical integrity (a characteristic of reasoning in which each claim is carefully supported by an orderly sequence of the right kind of evidence and by the right amount of evidence).Your speech might become a list of bullet points with no apparent connection to each other except the topic.Your audience won’t be able to follow your logical progression in the speech itself, which will hurt your attempts to inform, persuade, or entertain.
Reasons for
Strong Outlines Tests scope of content - a comparison of each main point to the thesis statement.If you find a poor match, you will know you’ve wandered outside the scope of the thesis.When you write in outline form, it is much easier to test the scope of your content because you can visually locate specific information easily and then check it against your thesis statement.
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Common Organizational PatternsA chronological pattern arranges main ideas in the order events occur.A cause-and-effect pattern calls on you to describe a specific situation and explain what the effect is.A biographical pattern is usually chronological. In describing the events of an individual’s life, you will want to choose the three most significant events.A comparison-contrast pattern appears to dictate just two main points, but you can easily create a third point by giving basic information about what is being compared and what is being contrasted.
Tests Relevance of Supporting IdeasWhen you create an outline, you can clearly see that you need supporting evidence for each of your main points.Expert OpinionYour sources should come from experts in relevant fields.The evidence might even be expert opinion but not the opinions of ordinary people.Expert opinion will provide stronger support for your p.
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Chapter 7Organizing and Outlining the Speech BodySPEAK.docx
Chapter 7
Organizing and Outlining the Speech Body
SPEAK
© 2011 Cengage Learning
This chapter focuses on developing the body of your speech by describing how to: (1) identify main points that are implied in the specific goal statement and write them into a thesis statement for the speech; (2) organize the body of your speech; and (3) create transitions that move the speech smoothly from one main point to the next.
5/27/2014 3:38 PM
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation.
MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.
1
The mind is
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Organizing is what you do before you do something, so that when you do it, it is not all mixed up.
~A.A. Milne
Learning Outcomes
1. Why is it important to limit your speech to two to four main points?
2. Why should you conduct a clear thesis statement?
3. How might you arrange your points in your speech?
4. What are some types of supporting material you can use to elaborate your main points?
5. Why are transitions important?
5/27/2014 3:38 PM
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation.
MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.
2
Identify Main Points
The main points of a speech are complete sentence statements of two to four central ideas the audience needs to understand.
To identify main points:
List all ideas that relate to your speech goal
Delete and combine ideas as needed
From remaining ideas, select two to four to use as main points in your speech
© 2011 Cengage Learning
With some speech goals, identifying the main points is easy. Usually, though, you will need to do some further work to identify the main points that audience members need to understand if you are to achieve your speech goal.
Identify these main ideas first by listing the all the ideas ...
Recommended
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The document discusses principles for effective communication to non-research audiences through policy briefs. It recommends (1) considering the target audience, maintaining dialogue, and distilling the key messages; (2) keeping the brief concise, starting with the key points and purpose, and simplifying technical language and concepts; and (3) tailoring the brief to the policy context and making it visually appealing with simple language, formatting, and illustrations. The goal is to concisely convey the most important findings and recommendations of research to non-specialists.
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This report focuses on summarizing videos in 5 sentences or less. It explains that a good summary selects only the essential points and connects them logically in a general way without including minor details, statistics, explanations or direct quotes. The report provides guidance on writing each sentence, focusing the first on the main topic and why it's significant, then encapsulating the body in sentences 2-4 using the most important information. The conclusion, in sentence 5, typically discusses the future view and a reason supporting that perspective.
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Why Outlining?
The Fun of Outlining The more fully you can come to understand the outline as both rule-bound and creative, the more fully you will experience its usefulness and its power to deliver your message in a unified, coherent way.If you omit a step in reasoning, your speech will be vulnerable to lapses in logic, lapses in the evidence you need to make your case, and the risk of becoming a disjointed, disorienting message.In a speech, you must be attentive to reasoning in logical steps so that your audience understands the meaning you intend to convey.
Why Outline?
Background In order for your speech to be as effective as possible, it needs to be organized into logical patterns.Information will need to be presented in a way your audience can understand.
Why Standard OutlinesYou can make decisions about your main points more clearly.You can more easily examine the specific information you will use to support those points.You can analyze the language you will use within the speech.
What happens if you don’t use an outline?You’ll lose logical integrity (a characteristic of reasoning in which each claim is carefully supported by an orderly sequence of the right kind of evidence and by the right amount of evidence).Your speech might become a list of bullet points with no apparent connection to each other except the topic.Your audience won’t be able to follow your logical progression in the speech itself, which will hurt your attempts to inform, persuade, or entertain.
Reasons for
Strong Outlines Tests scope of content - a comparison of each main point to the thesis statement.If you find a poor match, you will know you’ve wandered outside the scope of the thesis.When you write in outline form, it is much easier to test the scope of your content because you can visually locate specific information easily and then check it against your thesis statement.
Tests Logical Relation of PartsOften the main points of a speech can be arranged into a logical pattern.
Common Organizational PatternsA chronological pattern arranges main ideas in the order events occur.A cause-and-effect pattern calls on you to describe a specific situation and explain what the effect is.A biographical pattern is usually chronological. In describing the events of an individual’s life, you will want to choose the three most significant events.A comparison-contrast pattern appears to dictate just two main points, but you can easily create a third point by giving basic information about what is being compared and what is being contrasted.
Tests Relevance of Supporting IdeasWhen you create an outline, you can clearly see that you need supporting evidence for each of your main points.Expert OpinionYour sources should come from experts in relevant fields.The evidence might even be expert opinion but not the opinions of ordinary people.Expert opinion will provide stronger support for your p.
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This document provides guidelines for preparing and delivering technical presentations. It recommends defining the key messages, knowing the audience, and practicing. For the presentation, it suggests telling the audience the key points at the beginning, middle and end. It also provides tips for creating effective slides, such as using one main idea per slide, including pictures over text and equations, and delivering the talk with confidence while interacting with the audience. The overall goal is to clearly communicate the main messages to the audience.
Chapter 7Organizing and Outlining the Speech BodySPEAK.docx
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Organizing and Outlining the Speech Body
SPEAK
© 2011 Cengage Learning
This chapter focuses on developing the body of your speech by describing how to: (1) identify main points that are implied in the specific goal statement and write them into a thesis statement for the speech; (2) organize the body of your speech; and (3) create transitions that move the speech smoothly from one main point to the next.
5/27/2014 3:38 PM
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation.
MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.
1
The mind is
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Organizing is what you do before you do something, so that when you do it, it is not all mixed up.
~A.A. Milne
Learning Outcomes
1. Why is it important to limit your speech to two to four main points?
2. Why should you conduct a clear thesis statement?
3. How might you arrange your points in your speech?
4. What are some types of supporting material you can use to elaborate your main points?
5. Why are transitions important?
5/27/2014 3:38 PM
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation.
MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.
2
Identify Main Points
The main points of a speech are complete sentence statements of two to four central ideas the audience needs to understand.
To identify main points:
List all ideas that relate to your speech goal
Delete and combine ideas as needed
From remaining ideas, select two to four to use as main points in your speech
© 2011 Cengage Learning
With some speech goals, identifying the main points is easy. Usually, though, you will need to do some further work to identify the main points that audience members need to understand if you are to achieve your speech goal.
Identify these main ideas first by listing the all the ideas ...
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This document provides guidance on organizing and outlining speeches. It discusses the importance of writing speech outlines to reduce speaker anxiety and help audiences follow the speech. There are three main parts to a speech: introduction, body, and conclusion. There are also three types of outlines - preparation, speaking, and visual framework outlines. The document explains how to structure main points and supporting details using different organizational patterns like chronological, spatial, and cause-effect arrangements. It emphasizes using connectives like previews, summaries, transitions, and signposts to tie the speech ideas together cohesively.
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Page 1 of 12 A memo about writing memos B. Pope, BUS 497.docx
Page 1 of 12
A memo about writing memos
B. Pope, BUS 497-A
MEMORANDUM
TO: Students of BUS 497-A
CSUN / Nazarian College of Business & Economics
FROM: Blaine D. Pope, Ph.D.
Lecturer, BUS 497-A
SUBJECT: How to Write a Concise and Effective Memorandum
(A memo about writing memos)
DATE: 27 January 2018
OVERVIEW
This paper concerns how to present ideas through the medium of a memorandum—a
concise form of written business communication, designed to summarize information
and highlight potential action items quickly. This means of communication can be found
in a wide array of professional settings. In the body of the document you are reading
here, the medium is also part of the message. Notice the structure of this document.
Follow it, practice it, and you should have little problem in writing a clear and effective
office memorandum over the course of your career.
Memoranda can be on almost any topic but in each case the basic idea remains the
same: to condense and simplify material for quick reading, and to facilitate
organizational decision-making.1 Therefore, in this class, your memos should always
contain suggested next steps (or action items) in the final section—“Conclusions” and/or
“Recommendations.”
IMPORTANT: The overall page length for your memos is a minimum of three (3) and a
maximum of four (4) single-spaced pages. If you exceed the upper limit, I simply won’t
read past the fourth page.
DETAILS
Memos should not usually be flowery or overly prosaic. When writing in memo format, it
is okay (even encouraged) to use relatively dry language or wording. The idea here is
to let the true power of your ideas (the underlying concepts the words should be
conveying) speak for themselves. This can best be done by highlighting your ideas
according to the following simple format—just like in you PowerPoint executive briefings
1 There is also an organizational historical dimension to memo writing. For further details, see the definition and
origins of the Latin word, “Memorandum” in the Appendix section.
SRPATEL
Highlight
SRPATEL
Highlight
Page 2 of 12
A memo about writing memos
B. Pope, BUS 497-A
/ presentations. The same basic principles apply in each case—simplicity. Less can be
more.
• Basic identifying information: name and titles (and possibly the work units) of
individuals involved, plus date, subject or topic at the top of the first page (see
above); and page numbers typically at the bottom of the page. This is
especially important for historical purposes. People who have never met you
may read your memos months—or even years—later. This basic identifying
information can help set some of the organizational context for those readers.
• Come to the point, immediately: wording along the lines of “This is a paper
on/about/concerning . . . “ should usually be your first .
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Good morning everyone. Thank you for having me here today to talk about an incredibly important topic - the power of teamwork and collaboration. Over the next 15 minutes, I will discuss why working together as a cohesive unit is so vital to our company's success, provide some examples of how collaboration has led to positive outcomes in the past, and encourage all of you to find ways to strengthen partnerships across departments going forward.
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https://www.homeworkping.com/,homework help,online homework help,online tutors,online tutoring,research paper help,do my homework,
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Page 1 of 12 A memo about writing memos B. Pope, BUS 497.docx
Page 1 of 12
A memo about writing memos
B. Pope, BUS 497-A
MEMORANDUM
TO: Students of BUS 497-A
CSUN / Nazarian College of Business & Economics
FROM: Blaine D. Pope, Ph.D.
Lecturer, BUS 497-A
SUBJECT: How to Write a Concise and Effective Memorandum
(A memo about writing memos)
DATE: 27 January 2018
OVERVIEW
This paper concerns how to present ideas through the medium of a memorandum—a
concise form of written business communication, designed to summarize information
and highlight potential action items quickly. This means of communication can be found
in a wide array of professional settings. In the body of the document you are reading
here, the medium is also part of the message. Notice the structure of this document.
Follow it, practice it, and you should have little problem in writing a clear and effective
office memorandum over the course of your career.
Memoranda can be on almost any topic but in each case the basic idea remains the
same: to condense and simplify material for quick reading, and to facilitate
organizational decision-making.1 Therefore, in this class, your memos should always
contain suggested next steps (or action items) in the final section—“Conclusions” and/or
“Recommendations.”
IMPORTANT: The overall page length for your memos is a minimum of three (3) and a
maximum of four (4) single-spaced pages. If you exceed the upper limit, I simply won’t
read past the fourth page.
DETAILS
Memos should not usually be flowery or overly prosaic. When writing in memo format, it
is okay (even encouraged) to use relatively dry language or wording. The idea here is
to let the true power of your ideas (the underlying concepts the words should be
conveying) speak for themselves. This can best be done by highlighting your ideas
according to the following simple format—just like in you PowerPoint executive briefings
1 There is also an organizational historical dimension to memo writing. For further details, see the definition and
origins of the Latin word, “Memorandum” in the Appendix section.
SRPATEL
Highlight
SRPATEL
Highlight
Page 2 of 12
A memo about writing memos
B. Pope, BUS 497-A
/ presentations. The same basic principles apply in each case—simplicity. Less can be
more.
• Basic identifying information: name and titles (and possibly the work units) of
individuals involved, plus date, subject or topic at the top of the first page (see
above); and page numbers typically at the bottom of the page. This is
especially important for historical purposes. People who have never met you
may read your memos months—or even years—later. This basic identifying
information can help set some of the organizational context for those readers.
• Come to the point, immediately: wording along the lines of “This is a paper
on/about/concerning . . . “ should usually be your first .
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