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15.5 Comprobaciónde vuelco
La fi gura muestra las fuerzas que actúan sobre un voladizo y un muro de contención de
gravedad, sobre la base de la suposición de que la presión activa de Rankine está actuando a lo
largo de un plano vertical AB dibujado a través del talón. 𝑃𝑝 es la presión pasiva de Rankine,
recordemos que su magnitud es de la ecuación. 𝑌 = 𝑌2, 𝐶ʼ = 𝐶2
´
𝑦 𝐻 = 𝐷
𝑃
𝑝 =
1
2
𝐾𝑝𝑥𝑌2𝑥𝐷2
+ 2𝐶2
´
√𝐾𝑝𝐷
Comprobación de vuelco, suponiendo que la presión Rankine es valida
Donde
𝑌2 = 𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑜 unitario del suelo delante de la punta y bajo la losa de base
𝐾𝑝 = Coeficiente de presion pasiva de Rankine = tan(45 +
∅2
ʼ
2
)
𝑐2
ʼ
𝑥∅2
ʼ
= angulo de cohesion y friccion del suelo,respectivamente
El factor de seguridad contra el vuelco sobre la punta, es decir, alrededor del punto C en
la fi gura 15.5, puede expresarse como
∑𝑀𝑂 = suma de los momentos de fuerzas que tienden a volcar sobre el punto C
∑𝑀𝑂 = suma de los momentos de fuerzas que tienden a evitar el vuelco sobre el punto C
El momento de vuelco es:
∑𝑀𝑂 = 𝑃ℎ (
𝐻ʼ
3
)
Donde 𝑃ℎ = 𝑃𝑎 cos𝑎.
Al calcular el momento resistente, ∑𝑀𝑂 (despreciando 𝑃𝑝), se puede preparar una
tabla como la tabla 15.1. El peso de la tierra por encima del talón y el peso del concreto (o de la
mampostería) son las fuerzas que contribuyen al momento resistente. Tenga en cuenta que la
fuerza 𝑃𝑣 también contribuye al momento resistente. 𝑃𝑣 es la componente vertical de la fuerza
activa 𝑃𝑎, 𝑜
𝑃
𝑣 = 𝑃𝑎 sin𝑎
El momento de la fuerza 𝑃
𝑣 sobe C es:
𝑀𝑣 = 𝑃𝑣𝐵 = 𝑃𝑎sin 𝑎𝐵
Donde B= ancho de la losa de base.
Una vez que se conoce ∑𝑀𝑅, el factor de seguridad se puede calcular como:
𝐹𝑆(𝑣𝑢𝑒𝑙𝑐𝑜) =
𝑀1 + 𝑀2 + 𝑀3 + 𝑀4 + 𝑀5 + 𝑀6 + 𝑀𝑣
𝑃𝑎 cos𝑎(
𝐻ʼ
3
)
El valormínimodeseable delfactorde seguridadconrespectoal vuelcoesde 1.5 a 2.
Algunosdiseñadoresprefierendeterminarel factorde seguridadal vuelcocon
𝐹𝑆(𝑣𝑢𝑒𝑙𝑐𝑜) =
𝑀1 + 𝑀2 + 𝑀3 + 𝑀4 + 𝑀5 + 𝑀6
𝑃𝑎 cos𝑎(
𝐻ʼ
3
) − 𝑀𝑣
15.6 Comprobaciónde deslizamientoalo largode la base
El factor de seguridad contra el deslizamiento puede ser expresado por la ecuación
𝐹𝑆(𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 ) =
∑𝐹𝑅ʼ
∑𝐹𝑑
Donde:
∑𝐹𝑅ʼ = suma de las fuerzas de resistencia horizontal
∑𝐹𝑅ʼ = suma de las fuerzas impulsoras horizontales
La figura 15,6 muestra que la resistencia del suelo al corte debajo de la base puede
representarse como:
𝐹𝑑 = 𝜎ʼtan ∅ʼ
𝑎 + 𝐶ʼ
2
Por lo tanto, la fuerza de resistencia máxima que se puede deducir del suelo por unidad de
longitud del muro a lo largo de la losa de base es:
𝑅ʼ = 𝜏𝑓(𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑙) = 𝜏𝑓(𝐵𝑥1) = 𝐹𝑑 = 𝐵𝜎ʼ tan ∅ʼ
2 + 𝐵𝑐ʼ
2
Sin embargo
𝐵𝜎ʼ = 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑧𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 = ∑𝑉
Así
𝑅ʼ = (∑𝑉)tan ∅ʼ
2 + 𝐵𝑐ʼ
2
La fi gura 15.6 muestra que la fuerza pasiva, 𝑃
𝑝, es también una fuerza de resistencia
horizontal.
La expresión para 𝑃
𝑝 se da en la ecuación
∑𝐹𝑅ʼ = (∑𝑉)tan ∅ʼ
2 + 𝐵𝑐ʼ
2 + 𝑃
𝑝
La única fuerza horizontal que tendera a hacer que la pared se deslice (fuerza motriz) es la
componente horizontal de la fuerza activa 𝑃
𝑎, de modo que
∑𝐹𝑑 = 𝑃
𝑎 cos 𝑎
Combinando las ecuaciones se obtiene:
𝐹𝑆(𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜) =
(∑𝑉)tan ∅ʼ
2 + 𝐵𝑐ʼ
2 + 𝑃
𝑝
𝑃
𝑎 cos 𝑎

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Suelos 2 (maximo)

  • 1. 15.5 Comprobaciónde vuelco La fi gura muestra las fuerzas que actúan sobre un voladizo y un muro de contención de gravedad, sobre la base de la suposición de que la presión activa de Rankine está actuando a lo largo de un plano vertical AB dibujado a través del talón. 𝑃𝑝 es la presión pasiva de Rankine, recordemos que su magnitud es de la ecuación. 𝑌 = 𝑌2, 𝐶ʼ = 𝐶2 ´ 𝑦 𝐻 = 𝐷 𝑃 𝑝 = 1 2 𝐾𝑝𝑥𝑌2𝑥𝐷2 + 2𝐶2 ´ √𝐾𝑝𝐷 Comprobación de vuelco, suponiendo que la presión Rankine es valida
  • 2. Donde 𝑌2 = 𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑜 unitario del suelo delante de la punta y bajo la losa de base 𝐾𝑝 = Coeficiente de presion pasiva de Rankine = tan(45 + ∅2 ʼ 2 ) 𝑐2 ʼ 𝑥∅2 ʼ = angulo de cohesion y friccion del suelo,respectivamente El factor de seguridad contra el vuelco sobre la punta, es decir, alrededor del punto C en la fi gura 15.5, puede expresarse como ∑𝑀𝑂 = suma de los momentos de fuerzas que tienden a volcar sobre el punto C ∑𝑀𝑂 = suma de los momentos de fuerzas que tienden a evitar el vuelco sobre el punto C El momento de vuelco es: ∑𝑀𝑂 = 𝑃ℎ ( 𝐻ʼ 3 ) Donde 𝑃ℎ = 𝑃𝑎 cos𝑎. Al calcular el momento resistente, ∑𝑀𝑂 (despreciando 𝑃𝑝), se puede preparar una tabla como la tabla 15.1. El peso de la tierra por encima del talón y el peso del concreto (o de la mampostería) son las fuerzas que contribuyen al momento resistente. Tenga en cuenta que la fuerza 𝑃𝑣 también contribuye al momento resistente. 𝑃𝑣 es la componente vertical de la fuerza activa 𝑃𝑎, 𝑜 𝑃 𝑣 = 𝑃𝑎 sin𝑎 El momento de la fuerza 𝑃 𝑣 sobe C es: 𝑀𝑣 = 𝑃𝑣𝐵 = 𝑃𝑎sin 𝑎𝐵 Donde B= ancho de la losa de base.
  • 3. Una vez que se conoce ∑𝑀𝑅, el factor de seguridad se puede calcular como: 𝐹𝑆(𝑣𝑢𝑒𝑙𝑐𝑜) = 𝑀1 + 𝑀2 + 𝑀3 + 𝑀4 + 𝑀5 + 𝑀6 + 𝑀𝑣 𝑃𝑎 cos𝑎( 𝐻ʼ 3 ) El valormínimodeseable delfactorde seguridadconrespectoal vuelcoesde 1.5 a 2. Algunosdiseñadoresprefierendeterminarel factorde seguridadal vuelcocon 𝐹𝑆(𝑣𝑢𝑒𝑙𝑐𝑜) = 𝑀1 + 𝑀2 + 𝑀3 + 𝑀4 + 𝑀5 + 𝑀6 𝑃𝑎 cos𝑎( 𝐻ʼ 3 ) − 𝑀𝑣 15.6 Comprobaciónde deslizamientoalo largode la base El factor de seguridad contra el deslizamiento puede ser expresado por la ecuación 𝐹𝑆(𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 ) = ∑𝐹𝑅ʼ ∑𝐹𝑑
  • 4. Donde: ∑𝐹𝑅ʼ = suma de las fuerzas de resistencia horizontal ∑𝐹𝑅ʼ = suma de las fuerzas impulsoras horizontales La figura 15,6 muestra que la resistencia del suelo al corte debajo de la base puede representarse como: 𝐹𝑑 = 𝜎ʼtan ∅ʼ 𝑎 + 𝐶ʼ 2 Por lo tanto, la fuerza de resistencia máxima que se puede deducir del suelo por unidad de longitud del muro a lo largo de la losa de base es: 𝑅ʼ = 𝜏𝑓(𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑙) = 𝜏𝑓(𝐵𝑥1) = 𝐹𝑑 = 𝐵𝜎ʼ tan ∅ʼ 2 + 𝐵𝑐ʼ 2 Sin embargo 𝐵𝜎ʼ = 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑧𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 = ∑𝑉 Así 𝑅ʼ = (∑𝑉)tan ∅ʼ 2 + 𝐵𝑐ʼ 2 La fi gura 15.6 muestra que la fuerza pasiva, 𝑃 𝑝, es también una fuerza de resistencia horizontal. La expresión para 𝑃 𝑝 se da en la ecuación ∑𝐹𝑅ʼ = (∑𝑉)tan ∅ʼ 2 + 𝐵𝑐ʼ 2 + 𝑃 𝑝 La única fuerza horizontal que tendera a hacer que la pared se deslice (fuerza motriz) es la componente horizontal de la fuerza activa 𝑃 𝑎, de modo que ∑𝐹𝑑 = 𝑃 𝑎 cos 𝑎 Combinando las ecuaciones se obtiene: