2. 
New Mexico Cont.
 Onate was focused on gaining
support for the colony via silver
mines which failed to materialize
 He then turned to the Great
Plains and the pacific coast but
found nothing
 As a result the Pueblo’s fell
victim to Spanish atrocities due to
Onate’s inability to lead
 Finally in 1607 Onate was
removed from power and the
Franciscan’s took control of the
colony
 While the colony continued to
remain poor and weak the
Franciscans did enjoy success
converting the Pueblo’s
 By 1628 the friars had spread 50
missions through the Rio Grande
Valley mainly in existing Pueblo
villages

3. 
 The French had developed a few colonies (Fort Carolina)
near the Spanish but all had been destroyed
 They decided to form their next colony in the far North
where the Spanish lacked influence
 In 1541 the French sent up a colony along the St.
Lawrence River in modern Canada
 The cold terrain, scurvy, and the hostile natives soon
defeated the colony
 Despite the failure of the colony the French soon found
two valuable commodities in Furs and Fish
French Exploration

4. 
 The first Europeans to visit North America found the
natives wealthy in furs
 Used for high fashion in Europe
 Allowed easy profit by Europeans without messy
colonialism
 Traders brought with them metal objects, glass beads, and
alcohol
 Trade was conducted via traditional native protocol
 As it changed over from the late 16th into the early 17th
century trade became more widespread
 This lead to increased native European contact
 We also see natives begin to increase their demands on their
environment
The Fur Trade

5. 
 Despite value of the Fur Trade the French first began to
form trading posts only at the beginning of the 17th
century
 The first Canadian settlements were small all male
settlements around Acadia
 All of these settlements were ineffective and short lived
 The Final of these settlements was destroyed by the English
in 1613
 After the failure of these early colonies the French
refocused on the St. Lawrence Valley
Canada

6. 
Canada Cont.
 Samuel de Champlain led the
settlement of the first
permanent colony of New
France in 1608 with Québec
 After 20 years of settlement
New France only had 82 all
male settlers
 The Settlers relied on the
good will of the local tribes
 Due to the necessity of the
alliances with local tribes the
French made a powerful
enemy in the Iroquois
 Despite the focus of New
France on the Fur trade the
real support came from the
Jesuit missionaries

7. 
The Iroquois
 The Iroquois confederacy was
made up of five powerful tribes
 They were previous enemies who
were united by Deganawida and
Hiawatha
 The Confederacy had a central
capital as well as a yearly
meeting of their chiefs
 The Tribes focus was heavily on
war and military
 The tribes typically were
constantly fighting “Morning
Wars”
 Due to the focus on internal
peace they began to push to the
North eventually conflicting with
the French
 The Iroquois also benefited
from trade with the Dutch of
the Hudson Valley

8. 
 The Jesuits sustained the weak French colonies early on in
Canada
 Jesuits founded in 16th century by Ignatius of Loyola
 Focused on Conversion, founding schools, and research
 First attempt to evangelize the northern Natives took
place in 1615 called the Recollet
 Natives held the upper hand in the relationship from the
beginning
 After 10 years the Recollet found only minimal success
 The Jesuits came into the region in 1625 and took control of
conversion
The Jesuit Expansion

9. 
 The Jesuits focused at first on the Huron tribes to the West
 The Huron's were more settled and connected to the French
than other northern tribes
 The Jesuits also focused on local conversion through native
languages and missions
 Despite the advances the Jesuits made in converting the
local population we do see issues arise
 Jesuits were expected to take on the same roles as
traditional shamans
 Conflict between Christianity and traditional
religion/culture
Jesuits cont.