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Development of internet technology in Bangladesh
Masum Hussain
2015
Bangladesh is a developing country of South Asia with a huge population of 160 million living
within a small geographical boundary of 1,47,570 square kilometers. Bangladesh is popularly
known as one of the most densely populated countries of the world where the density rate is
1015 per sq. km. So it's a great challenge for the Bangladesh government to feed up the
increasing population as the cultivable lands are decreasing day by day. Moreover providing
cloths, accommodation facilities, giving education and health care facilities to the people which
are the primary duties of the government are also becoming difficult for the increasing
population. Apart from these being a developing country the government can't also affords to set
up new industries and create employment opportunities for the people. So it's very difficult for
the country to compete with the rising economic powers in the global arena with the burden of
this population. But it's a matter of concern that there is no chance of decreasing these problems
in upcoming days rather these are turning into a devastating shape. Proper and planned
utilization of internet technology can be a nice solution in this regard. Somebody may be
surprised to hear this. They may argue that how it's possible to change the overall scenario of the
country through using internet technology. Rather they may show the logic against this theory
and say that use of technology will accelerate unemployment problems of the country, high cost
is involved to use this and expert knowledge is required to avail this facility of modern science.
But the reality doesn't match with their imagination. Here I'll try my level best to prove the fact
that use of internet technology can be a great medium for the sustainable development of the
country through logical explanation from different points of view.
At first I'd like to talk about the government services where everything is done at a snail pace
that's why it has become a golden deer to the citizens of Bangladesh. In spite of being a
constitutional right people have to undergo lots of hardship for getting any kind of government
services. The practice of speed money (bribe) is a common phenomenon in most of the
government offices. Even few years ago it was unimaginable to get any government service
sitting at home and having the contact number of any government officer was simply like to get
the moon of sky at hand. But nowadays total scenario of government service sector has been
changed dramatically by the magical touch of internet technology. Internet service is available
from the farmers to millionaires. Both private and public organizations are providing their
services through online. This process was started when the first computer (mainframe computer)
of Bangladesh was installed in Nuclear Energy Commission in 1964. It has got momentum when
the internet technology was introduced in 1996. At present there are 12 crore mobile phone users
here in Bangladesh. According to BTRC (Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory
Commission) there are 4,36,41,000 internet users in Bangladesh at the ending of 2014. Among
them 4,21,74,000 people are using internet from mobile phone, 2,33,000 are using through
WiMAX technology and the remaining 12,35,000 are using by ISP and PSTN. By this chance
the use of internet technology has expanded throughout the country even the people of remote
areas are also using this. To bring dynamism e-filing system has also been introduced in various
sections and organizations of government. Posts & telecommunication ministry and information
& communication technology ministry has been merged and brought under a single ministry
named ministry of posts, telecommunication & information technology to make it more
effective. Under the initiative and monitoring of A2I (Assess to Information) the biggest web
portal (www.bangladesh.gov.bd) of the world is also introduced here in Bangladesh. Another
nice web portal (www.forms.gov.bd) where all kind of forms are available to get government
services. The process for establishing wifi (wireless fidelity) zone has also been started in many
universities by the government. Private entrepreneurs are also working hand in hand with the
government to accelerate this expansion process of technology and reach the grassroots level of
the country. BASIS (Bangladesh Association of Software and Information Service) already
declared their "One Bangladesh" vision and started working with this vision. But here's a fact
that all these arrangement and investment to develop the government sector will be worthless if
the government employees aren't properly trained up to provide better services to the citizens. So
the government should arrange necessary training session to enhance the ability & skills of the
employees. Moreover employees should be made adaptive with the changing environment of the
workplace. Many people of our country suffer from techno-phobia specially the aged people.
They are reluctant to use technology rather they feel that it's troublesome to use technology.
Besides the citizens who are the ultimate beneficiaries of these efforts they also need to be well
informed about the effectiveness and advantages of using technology. If it doesn't do then a little
mistake like missing of a dot/space can create blunder in digital system whereas in manual
system these aren't even counted as error. So there's no alternative of 100% correctness.
That's not enough for ensuring proper service to the people. There are some legal bindings here
which are creating obstacles while providing all kind of services to the citizen. Last year two
laws regarding information technology were much discussed among the technologists. Between
these first one was the correction of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) law
because the section 57 of this law was much criticized. Apart from this draft policy has also been
prepared for online mass medias. As a result all the online mass media’s are coming under a
single policy. Another great impediment on the way of this development is high rate of tax.
According to the ADBs (Asian Development Bank) ICT, innovation and knowledge based
economic index Bangladesh is lying on the very low level of the list. Besides last report of the
ITIF (The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation) mentioned that among the 125
countries highest rate of taxes are imposed here in Bangladesh upon the information technology
related goods and services. As a result these kinds of goods and services aren't available yet to
the people of low income level. In addition to 15% VAT from the internet services isn't
withdrawn till now at the consumer level. In spite of having demand in everywhere for
withdrawing this VAT and also having the moral consensus among the government employees
and ministries it's not withdrawn due to an uncertain reason.
Government has also established about 5,000 UISCs (Union Information Service Centre) across
the country for reaching government services to the people of all classes especially to those who
are living in the remote areas. Among these more than 200 UISCs are located in remote areas
where there's no electricity. Government has taken separate project for these centers which are
implemented by BCC (Bangladesh Computer Council) under SDF (SAARC Development
Fund). All these UISCs are actually union based hub or meeting places for the common people
where computers are provided with internet connection. Government also appoints trained
operators to run these centers effectively. In spite of being successfully implemented by the
government there's objection that the benefits of these has become personalized in most of the
cases even in some cases the services are postponed. Being illiterate most villagers are deprived
of these services or they have to pay high cost for this. Government can play a trick here that is
to handover all of these UISCs to the private entrepreneurs who will buy the existing centers or
establish new one by their own investment. The centers will be operated on the basis of franchise
system where the subsidiaries or hub (UISC) will have their own freedom but they have to
maintain the rules and regulations set by the central authority (government). In such a way the
government can control and monitor their activities whether they're involved in any ill practice
or not. As a result government can meet up their goal that's to provide services to the people
without their own cost. On the other hand the entrepreneurs will be highly motivated to ensure
better services to the citizens as they've the concern of profit in their mind. The entrepreneurs
can't develop profiteering mentality due to the immense competition in the market. Somebody
may raise a question that from where the entrepreneurs will get the capital for investment. Those
who have the money they can invest from their own accord. The other people who have the
willingness and necessary skills regarding the business but can't take the initiative due to lack of
capital government can raise their helping hand through giving loan to the entrepreneurs at a
reasonable rate.
Nobody can imagine that how much cost, time and pressures are reduced through internet
technology. Say for example 1-2 years ago the process for going abroad was too much difficult,
time consuming and costly as processing was done through brokers or middlemen. When the
government has initiated to make the processing easy and cost effective to the common people
then many people are dreaming to go abroad for earning their livelihood. Previously the scenario
was totally different where going abroad was nothing but a day dream to many people.
Another important sector is income tax which is the main earning source of the government.
Once the sector was highly corrupted and also the citizens were reluctant to pay tax in due time
and in due amount for lengthy and time consuming process. Even sometime it's heard that people
need to give bribe for paying tax. But nowadays government has made the system and procedure
easy and comfortable. They've offered e-TIN (Electronic Taxpayers Identification Number) to
the each tax payers so that they can pay their taxes easily. Government also arranges income tax
fair and celebrates a day (15 September) as income tax day for creating enthusiasm among the
tax payers for paying tax. Other historical blame against the Bangladesh government is
bureaucracy that can also be solved through the use of internet technology.
Agriculture sector:-
Among the 5 basic needs of people food is the most important. Without food rest other things are
worthless. Due to little cultivable land (2,01,57,000 acre) and excess population (1,015 per sq.
km) food production has become a serious concern for the Bangladesh government. Yet the
government is trying heart and soul to feed up the increasing population. Only buying the
modern agricultural equipments isn't enough. The importance of proper utilization of these tools
and also the technical know how to use these in an effective manner can't also be ignored.
Internet technology can be a bridge among the farmers, agricultural scientists and the
businessmen. Through this the farmers can easily know the scientific innovation of new
agricultural crops and the guidelines from the scientists how to plough these. Then after the
production the businessmen will know through internet technology where and how many crops
are produced to collect from farmers and handover to the ultimate consumers at a reasonable
cost. Moreover lots of mobile apps has been developed to strengthen this process. The farmers
can take pictures of affected parts of the trees and send it to the botanists through online for
taking remedial steps against the diseases of trees. Weather forecast and prior notice of disasters
which is most important to them that is also available through mobile apps. Otherwise flood,
river erosion, drought may occur causing huge loss.
Education sector:-
Internet technology can mostly be used in education sector also. Government has taken
initiatives to handover the books to the students at the very beginning of the academic year.
Apart from this they have prepared the soft copy of these books as PDF (Portable Document
Format) through which it has become easier to use even from mobile devices. Animation movies
or cartoons are effective means of teaching specially to the children. These animation movies can
easily be collected from different websites like YouTube or something else. Multimedia
classroom has added new dimension in the traditional classroom system. At present time without
much hard work teachers can design their lesson plans and deliver it to the students for making
the class enjoyable previously which was dull and boring. Once the publication of result and
checking it specially the public exam (SSC, HSC) was a very hard and challenging task but now
it's possible through a single touch on mobile or a single click of mouse on computer.
Another revolutionary change on the education system is online registration for admission test
especially for the different public universities. It has made possible for the students to participate
the admission test of even more than 10 universities which enhanced their possibility to get
chance at least in any one of the varsities. Thus not only the students are benefitting but also the
varsities are getting healthy amount of revenue. But once the admission test procedure was so
difficult, time consuming and costly that the students couldn't participate more than 2-3 varsities
that reduce their possibility to get chance. The inner meaning of the word “University” means
knowledge regarding the universe. So the courses of universities should be designed in such a
way that the students can be cosmopolitan. The teachers of a varsity can share their experiences
and course materials with other teachers through online whose are teaching in different parts of
the world for increasing their teaching capability. The students can also do the same thing with
other students for broadening their outlook and sharing their knowledge and experiences with
them. Apart from this the students even within the same varsity or college can share their notes
and learning with their mates on virtual group study whereas direct group study isn't possible.
Other notable means of education is distance learning where a student can obtain a degree
through online from any country where this system is available without any physical presence.
Here making registration for courses, paying fees, collecting course materials from their library
even participating in exam everything is possible through online. So this can be a golden chance
for Bangladeshi students to avail a foreign degree.
Health care:-
Due to the excessive population density every sectors of Bangladesh are troubling much. Hearth
sector is the worst sufferer of this problem. The immeasurable condition of this sector can easily
be understood from some statistical data of economic survey-2014. According to this there are
1,362 government hospital and 45,621 seats in Bangladesh. The ratio of the people for per seat is
1,860:1. There are 64,434 registered doctors in Bangladesh and ratio with the population is
1:2,860. From these we can easily realize that how worse the condition is. One of the most
important reasons of this pressure upon the doctors is unawareness about the diseases and also
the ignorance about the symptoms of diseases. Here internet technology can play a significant
role through linking the doctors with concern authorities for raising awareness among the mass
people. They may use various websites, social media’s (Facebook, twitter, what's app etc) and
other forms in this regard. The doctors can also strengthen their internal communication among
them even crossing the geographical boundary of a country. This will certainly create the chance
to share their views and ideas regarding the treatment strategy with the doctors of other countries
which is necessary to increase their knowledge and experiences for giving better treatment to the
patients. Very often it's seen that several types of fetal and incurable diseases like ebola, swine
flu, bird flu etc are breaking out in an epidemic form. Most of these are originated from African
region and spreading out whole over the world so rapidly. As a result many people are dying
even before identifying the symptoms of diseases. This is happening just only for the
unawareness about the diseases and lack of knowledge regarding the symptoms and prevention
of these diseases. Different kind of ways or media’s can be used here to grow awareness among
the mass people but online or social medias will be the easiest, cost effective and fastest way in
this discretion. However a thing should kept in mind that misconception shouldn't spread among
the people which may create misunderstanding.
Blood is an urgent need for the patients specially at the time of surgery. Most often it was seen
that patients were dying at a huge number due to the shortage of supply (matching with the blood
group) of blood at the time of urgency. But nowadays this problem is almost solved. Anyhow the
blood is managing while it's needed. Does it mean that previously there was lack of humanity
among the people for saving the ailing life by donating blood? Of course not. All the time there
are many humanitarian people for which the world is surviving. But the fact is that previously
there was lack of proper communication among the people for collecting the blood at the time of
necessary. Internet technologies (Facebook, twitter, what's app etc) has made the bridge of
communication between the blood donors and the donees through which they can easily collect
the necessary blood.
Tourism industry:-
Tourism is one of the most important sources of earning foreign currencies for Bangladesh. Even
there are some countries of the world whose economy is mainly dependent upon this sector. Say
for example Anguilla's 75% GDP is obtained from its visitor’s expenditure. Tourism as an
industry not only accounts for over 60% of the Bahamian GDP, but provides jobs for more than
half of the country’s workforce, gaming and tourism provides more than 50% GDP to Macau. In
Bangladesh the total contribution of travel & tourism to GDP was 394.8 billion TK or 4.3% of
total GDP in 2012 and is expected to rise upto TK 819.4 billion at 6.8% per annum within 2023.
This's only possible if the Bangladesh government takes the initiatives for decorating their
tourism related websites with necessary information, photo gallery and guidelines (cost,
facilities) regarding tours. Thus tourists from any part of the world can get easy access to all
these information about the famous tourist spots of Bangladesh. Here they also can make the
arrangement of advertising & promotion to draw the attention of tourists. Besides every
Bangladeshi citizens can also participate here for advertising from their own position. For
instance a person lives at Chattok, Sylhet in Bangladesh; he can post in details about the natural
beauties of Chattok including pictures, cost, facilities etc. Other people can also do the same
thing from every corner of Bangladesh. Thus every citizen can contribute for the development of
tourism sector of Bangladesh.
Journalism:-
It's known to all that journalism is a very difficult & challenging task in everywhere. Somebody
thought that with the introduction of internet technology it'd be easier to the journalists to run
their activities. Proving their wrong notion it has become more & more challenging to the
journalists. At present time every individual can play the role of a journalist from his/her own
position. For example if anybody notice an ill-practice in front of him/her then immediately
his/her can take the picture of it and inform all other people through different social medias by
sharing with details. Even people can share their creative ideas with other through posting videos
on YouTube. There is lots of example in the world that people can't expose their talent in the
conventional way but YouTube has made them world famous heroes. Teenage superstar of
Canada Justin Biber, Gangnam hero Sie of South Korea is highly notable.
Employment and earning:-
Some pessimists were saying that internet technology may be beneficial for us but it will
certainly reduce the employment of many people. If we assess their claim in open eye they're
partially true as it's reducing the human need in workplace. But if we give a deep thought over
the matter we will realize that it has opened a new horizon of new employment opportunities for
the people even in global arena. Freelancing is most remarkable in this regard where people can
work in a foreign company sitting on their own home & earn foreign currencies for the country.
It's a matter of proud for us that Bangladesh has achieved 3rd position in the world on the basis
of number & earning capacity of freelancers in the index of e-lance & odex. Already there're
6,00,000 registered freelancers in the country and they've earned $55 million or 825 crore TK in
2014. It's expected that the amount will cross $1,000 million within 2020 as the number of
freelancers are increasing rapidly day by day. For having vivid future in this sector government
has come forward along with the private initiatives to train up the new freelancers. ICT
(Information and Communication Technology) division of government has already trained up
26,000 youth under the "learning and earning" project and other 55,000 youth are planning to
provide training under the same project. In spite of having much possibility due to some
problems this sector can't flourish much. Poor net connection & low speed are some of them for
which we're lagging much behind comparing with our competing countries at the time of
receiving & delivering orders. Withdrawal procedure of payment is another great obstacle in this
sector. Normally it cost $1 for per withdrawal from odex through using PayPal but it's a matter
of sorrow that there is no PayPal facility here in Bangladesh. That's why we've to use local fund
transfer system which cost $5 for per withdrawal that's highly discouraging for Bangladeshi
freelancers.
Software sector is another field having much possibility to show our creativity around the globe
and earn foreign currencies. There're more than 800 registered software organizations in the
member list of BASIS (Bangladesh Association of Software & Information Services) and 80,000
people are directly involved here. There're another 60,000 people whose are giving solutions to
software related problems in home & abroad sitting on their own home. Besides another
1,10,000 people are working in telecom, bank, garments, educational institutions and software
related issues. In total there're 2,50,000 people are engaged in this profession. It's expecting that
10,00,000 people will be added in this profession within 2018 as software dependency is on the
increase day by day. The key job is done by the software engineers in this field through
preparing & developing the software’s. Here they mainly do the task of coring, testing, project
management etc. The other tasks involved in this regard are BPO (Business Process
Outsourcing), data entry, content writing, graphics design and so on. Apart from these famous
and established companies of Bangladesh are taking the help of several software’s for their
accountancy, data presentation, security personnel management etc. Recently the tendency of
developing mobile applications has increased due to the emergence of Smartphone. But for
deriving best benefit from this sector necessary skills & expertise need to develop among the
people. A program has been operating by BASIS (Bangladesh Association of Software &
Information Services) for software related training where the training is provided on the basis of
job demand in the market. Information regarding the training is available here
(www.bitm.org.bd). Recently Bangladesh government has also started providing training on
software specially for the fresh graduates through LICT project (www.lict.gov.bd) under BCC
(Bangladesh Computer Council) at free of cost.
Introduce of 3D animation has changed the scenario of film industry overnight. The task of 3D
software game & 3D movie making are also part of this. Once it took long time, hard labor &
high cost to make a nice film. 3D movie has made everything possible even the unrealistic or
imaginary scenes to display in the movie which has made the films more enjoyable to the
viewers. In contrast it has reduced cost, save time & labor. In spite of all these facilities of 3D
technology Bangladesh is lagging much behind for using this blessing of modern science. If the
concern authority of Bangladesh film industry takes pragmatic initiatives to flourish this
industry, one day certainly it'll take a strong position aside by the Hollywood & Bollywood.
E-commerce which is regarded as one of the best blessings of internet technology has changed
the scenario of business world dramatically. In developed economy it has become the part and
parcel of their life style. The reason is that due to their busy life in profession they can't create
opportunity to buy their daily necessary goods including foods, cloths, consumer goods and other
necessary products from the shop. Besides these kind of online transaction is much easier, cheap
and trustworthy which has induced them to depend upon this. Keeping pace with the developed
countries e-commerce is also popularizing day by day here in Bangladesh. In 2010-11 the
amount of total transaction in e-commerce was 800 million TK & the number of consumers were
20,00,000 which was 1.3% of total population of the county. Launching of 3G technology has
gear up the growth of this sector and the introduction of debit & credit card system of
commercial banks has added new dimension in this fact. But it's an irony of fate that banks are
using e-commerce as an arm of enhancing their own revenue because it's not possible to transact
without their help. They're taking 1,00,000 TK as mortgage which is totally illogical. In
Bangladesh the banks charge 3-4% of the product for each transaction whereas in UK the banks
cut £5 for 27 transactions. It's realized from this comparison which is nothing but a robbery in
day light. In fact there's no any hard & fast rule of central bank (Bangladesh bank) for e-
commerce. If the Bangladesh government extend their helping hand towards the businessmen
relating to e-commerce only then it'll be possible for them to contribute much in the country's
GDP.
Social communication:-
For the sake of life & livelihood people have to move from one place to another or from one
country to another leaving their kinship & friendship. Once they use to write letters to their near
& dear ones for sharing their feelings or giving any urgent news when necessary. It'd take one or
two weeks to receive the letter which sometime reduced the importance of it for delay. At a time
people invent telephone (1877 by Alexander Grahambell of USA) through which they could talk
over it directly with their friends & family members to exchange necessary information and their
feelings. Innovation of mobile phone has added new dimension in this communication process.
Though it has made possible to communicate easily but the device wasn't available to all.
Besides the foreign call wasn't affordable specially by the poor people. Even at the beginning of
21st century there wasn't much difference between the device mobile phone & telephone except
the portability and some other limited facilities. But in the present era internet technology has
changed the scenario swiftly with the support of Smartphone. Now people can give audio &
video call through viber, tango, skype, imo etc. even outside the country at a very low cost. As a
result the poor people can also avail the facilities. Since all these are one to one communication,
people feel the dire need of expressing their views & ideas with many people crossing the
geographical boundary of a country. Facebook, twitter, what's app etc can meet up this demand
of people. Now they can share their opinions & concerns regarding national & international
affairs like the celebrities. They also can share their pictures & day to day events with the mass
people. These kind of social media’s are also a great platform for serving the social purposes
also. Most importantly people can share necessary information with others on diverse issues
which can be beneficial at the time of urgency. Moreover they also can take the initiatives for
raising awareness among the common people on different matters or social problems. These
medias are also a suitable stage for upholding the culture of our country towards global
community. We can exchange information about our language, religion, cuisine, social habits,
music and arts with our friends living in abroad. In addition to these media’s are also being used
of business promotion of diverse companies, brands or products at a very low cost. But once
they've to make huge cost for their advertisement of products or services. Previously there was a
custom of having the breakfast through reading the newspaper that means to know the
happenings across the globe after one day. But now these days have gone away because people
can know immediately after the occurrence of any incident. Even these news’s are coming to the
newspaper on next day which has actually reduced the attraction of reading printed newspaper.
Some critics say that one day virtual newspaper will fully replace the position of printed
newspaper. But this statement isn't absolutely true because both have different interest, purpose,
taste & readers to serve. But the fact is that it'll reduce the growth of publishing printed
newspaper. As every individual & organizations are deriving benefits from these medias so why
the politicians should be away from this. They're also making the best utilization of this through
being connected with their supporters & fellow men and serve their political purposes. Because
they've realized that their power lies on the support of people and it's also measured by the
support of them.
Other supporting purposes:-
As people can complete their tasks by the blessing of internet technology without physical
movement from one place to another so obviously it'll have huge impact on traffic jam to reduce
it upto a certainly level. As a result it's saving ample amount of working hours specially for the
city people. The benefit of this doesn't stop here. It's decreasing the burning of fossil fuel from
the vehicles which in return contributing much to save the environment from pollution. The
growth of internet technology will obviously minimize the use of paper what I’ve mentioned
earlier which in turn lessens the deforestation process at a suitable stage. But it won't demolish
the paper industry as printed copy of many documents need to preserved for maintaining
formalities as well as safety. So the rumour spread out by some pacifists of being unemployed of
many industry workers can't be sustained. Another fact is that due to the advancement of modern
civilization blame has arisen against the job holders or corporate people that they aren't giving
enough time to their family members for being busy. But internet technology has created a
golden chance to spend adequate time with their family through reducing their workload in
different ways. As a result they can refresh their body & mind to remove monotony.
Problems that need to be solved:-
1. To make the best utilization of internet technology the thing which is urgently needed that’s to
create expertise in this field. It's a matter of pleasure for us that Bangladesh government is trying
heart & soul to enhance the literacy rate of country along with the knowledge on ICT as it's
almost impossible to develop in this field without proper education. Hopefully our whole country
will get the benefit of this in near future.
2. Only education or expertise isn't enough here rather public awareness among the mass people
need to be raised to draw their attention and maximize their participation in this sector.
Otherwise it may have negative impact upon the people of society as some dishonest persons
may try to cheat or make harm to others by using their fake identification and rest others may
face virtual harassment for lack of proper knowledge about this. Even sometime it's causing
moral degradation in virtual world (Facebook, twitter, what's app etc) like the real world.
3. As without electricity no electronic device can operate so to bring success in this sector
electricity production should be increased upto the mark. Bangladesh government has already
achieved the production of 11,265 megawatt within 2014 and they're trying their level best under
a master plan to attain the target of 40,000 megawatt before 2030. To increase the number of
internet users & reach the network to the people of grassroots level government has initiated a
mega project of launching satellite in the cosmos within the year 2017. The project is
implemented by BTRC (Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission) at a huge cost
of 2,967.95 crore TK. Satellite TV channels, internet service provider organizations V-SAT,
radios of our country need to use the wave of other country's satellite for running their operation
by paying huge charge. After the completion of this project we will be able to save this amount
of money. Moreover we also can rent the unused wave to other neighboring countries which will
be a great source of earning foreign currencies.
Thus Bangladesh will be able to establish strong position as an economic superpower of the
world removing the curse of "Bottomless basket" and live long with prestige, pride and dignity.

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Development of internet technology in Bangladesh

  • 1. Development of internet technology in Bangladesh Masum Hussain 2015
  • 2. Bangladesh is a developing country of South Asia with a huge population of 160 million living within a small geographical boundary of 1,47,570 square kilometers. Bangladesh is popularly known as one of the most densely populated countries of the world where the density rate is 1015 per sq. km. So it's a great challenge for the Bangladesh government to feed up the increasing population as the cultivable lands are decreasing day by day. Moreover providing cloths, accommodation facilities, giving education and health care facilities to the people which are the primary duties of the government are also becoming difficult for the increasing population. Apart from these being a developing country the government can't also affords to set up new industries and create employment opportunities for the people. So it's very difficult for the country to compete with the rising economic powers in the global arena with the burden of this population. But it's a matter of concern that there is no chance of decreasing these problems in upcoming days rather these are turning into a devastating shape. Proper and planned utilization of internet technology can be a nice solution in this regard. Somebody may be surprised to hear this. They may argue that how it's possible to change the overall scenario of the country through using internet technology. Rather they may show the logic against this theory and say that use of technology will accelerate unemployment problems of the country, high cost is involved to use this and expert knowledge is required to avail this facility of modern science. But the reality doesn't match with their imagination. Here I'll try my level best to prove the fact that use of internet technology can be a great medium for the sustainable development of the country through logical explanation from different points of view. At first I'd like to talk about the government services where everything is done at a snail pace that's why it has become a golden deer to the citizens of Bangladesh. In spite of being a constitutional right people have to undergo lots of hardship for getting any kind of government services. The practice of speed money (bribe) is a common phenomenon in most of the government offices. Even few years ago it was unimaginable to get any government service sitting at home and having the contact number of any government officer was simply like to get the moon of sky at hand. But nowadays total scenario of government service sector has been changed dramatically by the magical touch of internet technology. Internet service is available from the farmers to millionaires. Both private and public organizations are providing their services through online. This process was started when the first computer (mainframe computer) of Bangladesh was installed in Nuclear Energy Commission in 1964. It has got momentum when the internet technology was introduced in 1996. At present there are 12 crore mobile phone users here in Bangladesh. According to BTRC (Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission) there are 4,36,41,000 internet users in Bangladesh at the ending of 2014. Among them 4,21,74,000 people are using internet from mobile phone, 2,33,000 are using through WiMAX technology and the remaining 12,35,000 are using by ISP and PSTN. By this chance the use of internet technology has expanded throughout the country even the people of remote areas are also using this. To bring dynamism e-filing system has also been introduced in various sections and organizations of government. Posts & telecommunication ministry and information & communication technology ministry has been merged and brought under a single ministry
  • 3. named ministry of posts, telecommunication & information technology to make it more effective. Under the initiative and monitoring of A2I (Assess to Information) the biggest web portal (www.bangladesh.gov.bd) of the world is also introduced here in Bangladesh. Another nice web portal (www.forms.gov.bd) where all kind of forms are available to get government services. The process for establishing wifi (wireless fidelity) zone has also been started in many universities by the government. Private entrepreneurs are also working hand in hand with the government to accelerate this expansion process of technology and reach the grassroots level of the country. BASIS (Bangladesh Association of Software and Information Service) already declared their "One Bangladesh" vision and started working with this vision. But here's a fact that all these arrangement and investment to develop the government sector will be worthless if the government employees aren't properly trained up to provide better services to the citizens. So the government should arrange necessary training session to enhance the ability & skills of the employees. Moreover employees should be made adaptive with the changing environment of the workplace. Many people of our country suffer from techno-phobia specially the aged people. They are reluctant to use technology rather they feel that it's troublesome to use technology. Besides the citizens who are the ultimate beneficiaries of these efforts they also need to be well informed about the effectiveness and advantages of using technology. If it doesn't do then a little mistake like missing of a dot/space can create blunder in digital system whereas in manual system these aren't even counted as error. So there's no alternative of 100% correctness. That's not enough for ensuring proper service to the people. There are some legal bindings here which are creating obstacles while providing all kind of services to the citizen. Last year two laws regarding information technology were much discussed among the technologists. Between these first one was the correction of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) law because the section 57 of this law was much criticized. Apart from this draft policy has also been prepared for online mass medias. As a result all the online mass media’s are coming under a single policy. Another great impediment on the way of this development is high rate of tax. According to the ADBs (Asian Development Bank) ICT, innovation and knowledge based economic index Bangladesh is lying on the very low level of the list. Besides last report of the ITIF (The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation) mentioned that among the 125 countries highest rate of taxes are imposed here in Bangladesh upon the information technology related goods and services. As a result these kinds of goods and services aren't available yet to the people of low income level. In addition to 15% VAT from the internet services isn't withdrawn till now at the consumer level. In spite of having demand in everywhere for withdrawing this VAT and also having the moral consensus among the government employees and ministries it's not withdrawn due to an uncertain reason. Government has also established about 5,000 UISCs (Union Information Service Centre) across the country for reaching government services to the people of all classes especially to those who are living in the remote areas. Among these more than 200 UISCs are located in remote areas where there's no electricity. Government has taken separate project for these centers which are
  • 4. implemented by BCC (Bangladesh Computer Council) under SDF (SAARC Development Fund). All these UISCs are actually union based hub or meeting places for the common people where computers are provided with internet connection. Government also appoints trained operators to run these centers effectively. In spite of being successfully implemented by the government there's objection that the benefits of these has become personalized in most of the cases even in some cases the services are postponed. Being illiterate most villagers are deprived of these services or they have to pay high cost for this. Government can play a trick here that is to handover all of these UISCs to the private entrepreneurs who will buy the existing centers or establish new one by their own investment. The centers will be operated on the basis of franchise system where the subsidiaries or hub (UISC) will have their own freedom but they have to maintain the rules and regulations set by the central authority (government). In such a way the government can control and monitor their activities whether they're involved in any ill practice or not. As a result government can meet up their goal that's to provide services to the people without their own cost. On the other hand the entrepreneurs will be highly motivated to ensure better services to the citizens as they've the concern of profit in their mind. The entrepreneurs can't develop profiteering mentality due to the immense competition in the market. Somebody may raise a question that from where the entrepreneurs will get the capital for investment. Those who have the money they can invest from their own accord. The other people who have the willingness and necessary skills regarding the business but can't take the initiative due to lack of capital government can raise their helping hand through giving loan to the entrepreneurs at a reasonable rate. Nobody can imagine that how much cost, time and pressures are reduced through internet technology. Say for example 1-2 years ago the process for going abroad was too much difficult, time consuming and costly as processing was done through brokers or middlemen. When the government has initiated to make the processing easy and cost effective to the common people then many people are dreaming to go abroad for earning their livelihood. Previously the scenario was totally different where going abroad was nothing but a day dream to many people. Another important sector is income tax which is the main earning source of the government. Once the sector was highly corrupted and also the citizens were reluctant to pay tax in due time and in due amount for lengthy and time consuming process. Even sometime it's heard that people need to give bribe for paying tax. But nowadays government has made the system and procedure easy and comfortable. They've offered e-TIN (Electronic Taxpayers Identification Number) to the each tax payers so that they can pay their taxes easily. Government also arranges income tax fair and celebrates a day (15 September) as income tax day for creating enthusiasm among the tax payers for paying tax. Other historical blame against the Bangladesh government is bureaucracy that can also be solved through the use of internet technology.
  • 5. Agriculture sector:- Among the 5 basic needs of people food is the most important. Without food rest other things are worthless. Due to little cultivable land (2,01,57,000 acre) and excess population (1,015 per sq. km) food production has become a serious concern for the Bangladesh government. Yet the government is trying heart and soul to feed up the increasing population. Only buying the modern agricultural equipments isn't enough. The importance of proper utilization of these tools and also the technical know how to use these in an effective manner can't also be ignored. Internet technology can be a bridge among the farmers, agricultural scientists and the businessmen. Through this the farmers can easily know the scientific innovation of new agricultural crops and the guidelines from the scientists how to plough these. Then after the production the businessmen will know through internet technology where and how many crops are produced to collect from farmers and handover to the ultimate consumers at a reasonable cost. Moreover lots of mobile apps has been developed to strengthen this process. The farmers can take pictures of affected parts of the trees and send it to the botanists through online for taking remedial steps against the diseases of trees. Weather forecast and prior notice of disasters which is most important to them that is also available through mobile apps. Otherwise flood, river erosion, drought may occur causing huge loss. Education sector:- Internet technology can mostly be used in education sector also. Government has taken initiatives to handover the books to the students at the very beginning of the academic year. Apart from this they have prepared the soft copy of these books as PDF (Portable Document Format) through which it has become easier to use even from mobile devices. Animation movies or cartoons are effective means of teaching specially to the children. These animation movies can easily be collected from different websites like YouTube or something else. Multimedia classroom has added new dimension in the traditional classroom system. At present time without much hard work teachers can design their lesson plans and deliver it to the students for making the class enjoyable previously which was dull and boring. Once the publication of result and checking it specially the public exam (SSC, HSC) was a very hard and challenging task but now it's possible through a single touch on mobile or a single click of mouse on computer. Another revolutionary change on the education system is online registration for admission test especially for the different public universities. It has made possible for the students to participate the admission test of even more than 10 universities which enhanced their possibility to get chance at least in any one of the varsities. Thus not only the students are benefitting but also the varsities are getting healthy amount of revenue. But once the admission test procedure was so difficult, time consuming and costly that the students couldn't participate more than 2-3 varsities that reduce their possibility to get chance. The inner meaning of the word “University” means knowledge regarding the universe. So the courses of universities should be designed in such a
  • 6. way that the students can be cosmopolitan. The teachers of a varsity can share their experiences and course materials with other teachers through online whose are teaching in different parts of the world for increasing their teaching capability. The students can also do the same thing with other students for broadening their outlook and sharing their knowledge and experiences with them. Apart from this the students even within the same varsity or college can share their notes and learning with their mates on virtual group study whereas direct group study isn't possible. Other notable means of education is distance learning where a student can obtain a degree through online from any country where this system is available without any physical presence. Here making registration for courses, paying fees, collecting course materials from their library even participating in exam everything is possible through online. So this can be a golden chance for Bangladeshi students to avail a foreign degree. Health care:- Due to the excessive population density every sectors of Bangladesh are troubling much. Hearth sector is the worst sufferer of this problem. The immeasurable condition of this sector can easily be understood from some statistical data of economic survey-2014. According to this there are 1,362 government hospital and 45,621 seats in Bangladesh. The ratio of the people for per seat is 1,860:1. There are 64,434 registered doctors in Bangladesh and ratio with the population is 1:2,860. From these we can easily realize that how worse the condition is. One of the most important reasons of this pressure upon the doctors is unawareness about the diseases and also the ignorance about the symptoms of diseases. Here internet technology can play a significant role through linking the doctors with concern authorities for raising awareness among the mass people. They may use various websites, social media’s (Facebook, twitter, what's app etc) and other forms in this regard. The doctors can also strengthen their internal communication among them even crossing the geographical boundary of a country. This will certainly create the chance to share their views and ideas regarding the treatment strategy with the doctors of other countries which is necessary to increase their knowledge and experiences for giving better treatment to the patients. Very often it's seen that several types of fetal and incurable diseases like ebola, swine flu, bird flu etc are breaking out in an epidemic form. Most of these are originated from African region and spreading out whole over the world so rapidly. As a result many people are dying even before identifying the symptoms of diseases. This is happening just only for the unawareness about the diseases and lack of knowledge regarding the symptoms and prevention of these diseases. Different kind of ways or media’s can be used here to grow awareness among the mass people but online or social medias will be the easiest, cost effective and fastest way in this discretion. However a thing should kept in mind that misconception shouldn't spread among the people which may create misunderstanding. Blood is an urgent need for the patients specially at the time of surgery. Most often it was seen that patients were dying at a huge number due to the shortage of supply (matching with the blood group) of blood at the time of urgency. But nowadays this problem is almost solved. Anyhow the
  • 7. blood is managing while it's needed. Does it mean that previously there was lack of humanity among the people for saving the ailing life by donating blood? Of course not. All the time there are many humanitarian people for which the world is surviving. But the fact is that previously there was lack of proper communication among the people for collecting the blood at the time of necessary. Internet technologies (Facebook, twitter, what's app etc) has made the bridge of communication between the blood donors and the donees through which they can easily collect the necessary blood. Tourism industry:- Tourism is one of the most important sources of earning foreign currencies for Bangladesh. Even there are some countries of the world whose economy is mainly dependent upon this sector. Say for example Anguilla's 75% GDP is obtained from its visitor’s expenditure. Tourism as an industry not only accounts for over 60% of the Bahamian GDP, but provides jobs for more than half of the country’s workforce, gaming and tourism provides more than 50% GDP to Macau. In Bangladesh the total contribution of travel & tourism to GDP was 394.8 billion TK or 4.3% of total GDP in 2012 and is expected to rise upto TK 819.4 billion at 6.8% per annum within 2023. This's only possible if the Bangladesh government takes the initiatives for decorating their tourism related websites with necessary information, photo gallery and guidelines (cost, facilities) regarding tours. Thus tourists from any part of the world can get easy access to all these information about the famous tourist spots of Bangladesh. Here they also can make the arrangement of advertising & promotion to draw the attention of tourists. Besides every Bangladeshi citizens can also participate here for advertising from their own position. For instance a person lives at Chattok, Sylhet in Bangladesh; he can post in details about the natural beauties of Chattok including pictures, cost, facilities etc. Other people can also do the same thing from every corner of Bangladesh. Thus every citizen can contribute for the development of tourism sector of Bangladesh. Journalism:- It's known to all that journalism is a very difficult & challenging task in everywhere. Somebody thought that with the introduction of internet technology it'd be easier to the journalists to run their activities. Proving their wrong notion it has become more & more challenging to the journalists. At present time every individual can play the role of a journalist from his/her own position. For example if anybody notice an ill-practice in front of him/her then immediately his/her can take the picture of it and inform all other people through different social medias by sharing with details. Even people can share their creative ideas with other through posting videos on YouTube. There is lots of example in the world that people can't expose their talent in the conventional way but YouTube has made them world famous heroes. Teenage superstar of Canada Justin Biber, Gangnam hero Sie of South Korea is highly notable.
  • 8. Employment and earning:- Some pessimists were saying that internet technology may be beneficial for us but it will certainly reduce the employment of many people. If we assess their claim in open eye they're partially true as it's reducing the human need in workplace. But if we give a deep thought over the matter we will realize that it has opened a new horizon of new employment opportunities for the people even in global arena. Freelancing is most remarkable in this regard where people can work in a foreign company sitting on their own home & earn foreign currencies for the country. It's a matter of proud for us that Bangladesh has achieved 3rd position in the world on the basis of number & earning capacity of freelancers in the index of e-lance & odex. Already there're 6,00,000 registered freelancers in the country and they've earned $55 million or 825 crore TK in 2014. It's expected that the amount will cross $1,000 million within 2020 as the number of freelancers are increasing rapidly day by day. For having vivid future in this sector government has come forward along with the private initiatives to train up the new freelancers. ICT (Information and Communication Technology) division of government has already trained up 26,000 youth under the "learning and earning" project and other 55,000 youth are planning to provide training under the same project. In spite of having much possibility due to some problems this sector can't flourish much. Poor net connection & low speed are some of them for which we're lagging much behind comparing with our competing countries at the time of receiving & delivering orders. Withdrawal procedure of payment is another great obstacle in this sector. Normally it cost $1 for per withdrawal from odex through using PayPal but it's a matter of sorrow that there is no PayPal facility here in Bangladesh. That's why we've to use local fund transfer system which cost $5 for per withdrawal that's highly discouraging for Bangladeshi freelancers. Software sector is another field having much possibility to show our creativity around the globe and earn foreign currencies. There're more than 800 registered software organizations in the member list of BASIS (Bangladesh Association of Software & Information Services) and 80,000 people are directly involved here. There're another 60,000 people whose are giving solutions to software related problems in home & abroad sitting on their own home. Besides another 1,10,000 people are working in telecom, bank, garments, educational institutions and software related issues. In total there're 2,50,000 people are engaged in this profession. It's expecting that 10,00,000 people will be added in this profession within 2018 as software dependency is on the increase day by day. The key job is done by the software engineers in this field through preparing & developing the software’s. Here they mainly do the task of coring, testing, project management etc. The other tasks involved in this regard are BPO (Business Process Outsourcing), data entry, content writing, graphics design and so on. Apart from these famous and established companies of Bangladesh are taking the help of several software’s for their accountancy, data presentation, security personnel management etc. Recently the tendency of developing mobile applications has increased due to the emergence of Smartphone. But for deriving best benefit from this sector necessary skills & expertise need to develop among the
  • 9. people. A program has been operating by BASIS (Bangladesh Association of Software & Information Services) for software related training where the training is provided on the basis of job demand in the market. Information regarding the training is available here (www.bitm.org.bd). Recently Bangladesh government has also started providing training on software specially for the fresh graduates through LICT project (www.lict.gov.bd) under BCC (Bangladesh Computer Council) at free of cost. Introduce of 3D animation has changed the scenario of film industry overnight. The task of 3D software game & 3D movie making are also part of this. Once it took long time, hard labor & high cost to make a nice film. 3D movie has made everything possible even the unrealistic or imaginary scenes to display in the movie which has made the films more enjoyable to the viewers. In contrast it has reduced cost, save time & labor. In spite of all these facilities of 3D technology Bangladesh is lagging much behind for using this blessing of modern science. If the concern authority of Bangladesh film industry takes pragmatic initiatives to flourish this industry, one day certainly it'll take a strong position aside by the Hollywood & Bollywood. E-commerce which is regarded as one of the best blessings of internet technology has changed the scenario of business world dramatically. In developed economy it has become the part and parcel of their life style. The reason is that due to their busy life in profession they can't create opportunity to buy their daily necessary goods including foods, cloths, consumer goods and other necessary products from the shop. Besides these kind of online transaction is much easier, cheap and trustworthy which has induced them to depend upon this. Keeping pace with the developed countries e-commerce is also popularizing day by day here in Bangladesh. In 2010-11 the amount of total transaction in e-commerce was 800 million TK & the number of consumers were 20,00,000 which was 1.3% of total population of the county. Launching of 3G technology has gear up the growth of this sector and the introduction of debit & credit card system of commercial banks has added new dimension in this fact. But it's an irony of fate that banks are using e-commerce as an arm of enhancing their own revenue because it's not possible to transact without their help. They're taking 1,00,000 TK as mortgage which is totally illogical. In Bangladesh the banks charge 3-4% of the product for each transaction whereas in UK the banks cut £5 for 27 transactions. It's realized from this comparison which is nothing but a robbery in day light. In fact there's no any hard & fast rule of central bank (Bangladesh bank) for e- commerce. If the Bangladesh government extend their helping hand towards the businessmen relating to e-commerce only then it'll be possible for them to contribute much in the country's GDP. Social communication:- For the sake of life & livelihood people have to move from one place to another or from one country to another leaving their kinship & friendship. Once they use to write letters to their near & dear ones for sharing their feelings or giving any urgent news when necessary. It'd take one or
  • 10. two weeks to receive the letter which sometime reduced the importance of it for delay. At a time people invent telephone (1877 by Alexander Grahambell of USA) through which they could talk over it directly with their friends & family members to exchange necessary information and their feelings. Innovation of mobile phone has added new dimension in this communication process. Though it has made possible to communicate easily but the device wasn't available to all. Besides the foreign call wasn't affordable specially by the poor people. Even at the beginning of 21st century there wasn't much difference between the device mobile phone & telephone except the portability and some other limited facilities. But in the present era internet technology has changed the scenario swiftly with the support of Smartphone. Now people can give audio & video call through viber, tango, skype, imo etc. even outside the country at a very low cost. As a result the poor people can also avail the facilities. Since all these are one to one communication, people feel the dire need of expressing their views & ideas with many people crossing the geographical boundary of a country. Facebook, twitter, what's app etc can meet up this demand of people. Now they can share their opinions & concerns regarding national & international affairs like the celebrities. They also can share their pictures & day to day events with the mass people. These kind of social media’s are also a great platform for serving the social purposes also. Most importantly people can share necessary information with others on diverse issues which can be beneficial at the time of urgency. Moreover they also can take the initiatives for raising awareness among the common people on different matters or social problems. These medias are also a suitable stage for upholding the culture of our country towards global community. We can exchange information about our language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts with our friends living in abroad. In addition to these media’s are also being used of business promotion of diverse companies, brands or products at a very low cost. But once they've to make huge cost for their advertisement of products or services. Previously there was a custom of having the breakfast through reading the newspaper that means to know the happenings across the globe after one day. But now these days have gone away because people can know immediately after the occurrence of any incident. Even these news’s are coming to the newspaper on next day which has actually reduced the attraction of reading printed newspaper. Some critics say that one day virtual newspaper will fully replace the position of printed newspaper. But this statement isn't absolutely true because both have different interest, purpose, taste & readers to serve. But the fact is that it'll reduce the growth of publishing printed newspaper. As every individual & organizations are deriving benefits from these medias so why the politicians should be away from this. They're also making the best utilization of this through being connected with their supporters & fellow men and serve their political purposes. Because they've realized that their power lies on the support of people and it's also measured by the support of them. Other supporting purposes:- As people can complete their tasks by the blessing of internet technology without physical movement from one place to another so obviously it'll have huge impact on traffic jam to reduce
  • 11. it upto a certainly level. As a result it's saving ample amount of working hours specially for the city people. The benefit of this doesn't stop here. It's decreasing the burning of fossil fuel from the vehicles which in return contributing much to save the environment from pollution. The growth of internet technology will obviously minimize the use of paper what I’ve mentioned earlier which in turn lessens the deforestation process at a suitable stage. But it won't demolish the paper industry as printed copy of many documents need to preserved for maintaining formalities as well as safety. So the rumour spread out by some pacifists of being unemployed of many industry workers can't be sustained. Another fact is that due to the advancement of modern civilization blame has arisen against the job holders or corporate people that they aren't giving enough time to their family members for being busy. But internet technology has created a golden chance to spend adequate time with their family through reducing their workload in different ways. As a result they can refresh their body & mind to remove monotony. Problems that need to be solved:- 1. To make the best utilization of internet technology the thing which is urgently needed that’s to create expertise in this field. It's a matter of pleasure for us that Bangladesh government is trying heart & soul to enhance the literacy rate of country along with the knowledge on ICT as it's almost impossible to develop in this field without proper education. Hopefully our whole country will get the benefit of this in near future. 2. Only education or expertise isn't enough here rather public awareness among the mass people need to be raised to draw their attention and maximize their participation in this sector. Otherwise it may have negative impact upon the people of society as some dishonest persons may try to cheat or make harm to others by using their fake identification and rest others may face virtual harassment for lack of proper knowledge about this. Even sometime it's causing moral degradation in virtual world (Facebook, twitter, what's app etc) like the real world. 3. As without electricity no electronic device can operate so to bring success in this sector electricity production should be increased upto the mark. Bangladesh government has already achieved the production of 11,265 megawatt within 2014 and they're trying their level best under a master plan to attain the target of 40,000 megawatt before 2030. To increase the number of internet users & reach the network to the people of grassroots level government has initiated a mega project of launching satellite in the cosmos within the year 2017. The project is implemented by BTRC (Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission) at a huge cost of 2,967.95 crore TK. Satellite TV channels, internet service provider organizations V-SAT, radios of our country need to use the wave of other country's satellite for running their operation by paying huge charge. After the completion of this project we will be able to save this amount of money. Moreover we also can rent the unused wave to other neighboring countries which will be a great source of earning foreign currencies.
  • 12. Thus Bangladesh will be able to establish strong position as an economic superpower of the world removing the curse of "Bottomless basket" and live long with prestige, pride and dignity.