1. Beyond TIFF and JPEG2000: PDF/A as an OAIS submission
information package container
Presentation of Massoud Mortazavi
Student of MS in Information Science
SBU University
Master Name: Mrs. Pakdaman
Han, Y. (2015). Beyond TIFF and JPEG2000: PDF/A as an OAIS submission information package
container. Library Hi Tech, 409 - 423.
HTTP://DX.DOI.ORG/10.1108/LHT-06-2015-0068

2. Abstract
 Purpose
introduce PDF/A to replace TIFF as the preferred file format for digitization of
textual documents
 Methodology
reviewed the current digitization guidelines, the OAIS model and provides on an
overview of the development PDF and PDF/A as international standards.
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3. Abstract
 Findings
TIFF file format has been the preferred master file format
PDF/A has been the preferred standard for coding born-digital documents
PDF/A can be used as an OAIS SIP container
 Background
More Than 20 Years Digitalization's In Libraries
Digital Library Federation (DLF) have published several critical digitization guidelines
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4. Standardization of PDF as PDF/A
Format
Standardization of PDF as PDF/A Format Started in
2005:
PDF/A-1: (PDF 1/4): ISO 19005-1:2005
PDF/A-2: (ISO 32000-1): ISO 19005-2: 2011
PDF/A-3: Use of ISO 32000-1 with support for
embedded files (PDF/A-3)(PDF 1/7): ISO 19005-3:
2013
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6. PDF Versions
PDF 1.4:
Version 1.4 was the basis for the first versions of ISO standards PDF/X and
PDF/A
PDF 1.7:
The original version 1.7 of the PDF format was released November 2006 and
associated with Acrobat and Adobe Reader 8.0. Version 1.7 was published as ISO
32000-1 in July 2008
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7. PDF/A as an OAIS SIP container
 The key requirement of PDF/A is that it is self-described and self-contained so that
it can be reproduced exactly the same way with different software in various
platforms.
 All of the information necessary for displaying the document is embedded in the
PDF/A file.
 text, raster images and vector graphics, fonts and color profiles
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8. PDF/A as an OAIS SIP container
(1) tagged PDF: embed structural metadata via pre-defined PDF tags or create your
own tags;
(2) self-contained: embed required color profiles, fonts and other related information;
and
(3) self-described using extensible metadata platform (XMP) metadata: PDF/A can
code all the required information from an OAIS SIP through the standard and XMP.
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9. TIFF As a good Format
 For the past 20 years TIFF 6.0 has been the preferred master file format for
digitization due to a few factors such as availability of the technical specification
and easy-to-understand file structure.
 TIFF is very simple
 easy to repair
 Migrate
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10. The Problems of TIFF
 it cannot include layers and JPEG (Its Not True)
 TIFF 6.0 is an open standard (But it Should Use a License that its not Open Standard,
actually its not OPEN STANDARD)
 Big File Size
 Inflexible for web and mobile delivery
 Indexing is difficult
 OCR, XMP, ALTO XML is not Supported
 METS Not Supported (?)
 TIFF tags are difficult to work with
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11. What about PDF?
 Open International Standards
 Self-contained and self-described.
 Flexible
 Space saving
 Better metadata support with XMP
 Other files or data. PDF/A-3 has the ability to have any file or data encoded
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ALTO XML

13. Summary
 PDF and PDF/A as international standards since 2005
 PDF/A has been widely accepted as the preferred master file format for born-
digital documents, but it has not been recommended for digitization
 Every PDF/A Formats (1,2,3) Can be Used for Some Digitalization
 The author shows how PDF/A is a better file format than current preferred TIFF
and JPEG2000
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14. References
 Guidelines for TIFF Metadata Recommended Elements and Format
 http://www.iso.org
 http://www.digitalpreservation.gov
 The Use of PDF in Digital Archives
 The Use of PDF/A in Digital Archives: A Case Study from Archaeology
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Metadata_Platform
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