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2017 opencae学会
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masatoshi watanabe
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OpenFOAMによる水車の二相流解析
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2017 opencae学会
1.
長野高専 機械工学科 2017年12月15日 長野工業高等専門学校 機械工学科 渡辺 昌俊 Masatoshi
Watanabe 開放型下掛け水車のOpenFOAMによる 気液二相流解析 Gas-liquid Two-phase Flow Simulation of an Undershot Wheel Hydraulic Turbine with OpenFOAM
2.
長野高専 機械工学科 研究背景と現在までの研究(@長野高専) 1 2011(平成23)年 東日本大震災 2012(平成24)年 再生可能エネルギー特別措置法 2014(平成26)年
農山漁村再生可能エネルギー法 発電機+流体機械⇒水力,風力▲ 長野(山岳,平均風速) NEDO HP 資源エネルギー庁 〇 長野(可能性大)
3.
長野高専 機械工学科 水力発電の分類 2 河川を流れる水を貯めることなく、 そのまま発電に使用.出力の小さい発電所(中部電力HP) 河川の流れをせき止めた小規模ダム 1日または数日間という短期間水量調整 規模の大きいダム、春・秋などに貯水し、 夏・冬に発電。年間を通じた水量調節 資源エネルギー庁 小出力の開放型 下掛け水車
4.
長野高専 機械工学科 研究課題 3 入水時に水面を叩く⇒入水抵抗 離水時に水をまき上げる⇒離水抵抗 低落差も発電出力向上⇒発電効率の向上 回転方向と逆の力⇒効率低下 入水時水面衝突
離水時水巻き上げ
5.
長野高専 機械工学科 羽根形状による入水・離水時の抵抗低減 4 平板から三角,山形へ 鋭角化による入水時抵抗低減 先端から左右に排水しながら離水
6.
長野高専 機械工学科 フィールド試験結果 5 平板試験動画 三角試験動画 試験条件 ・流速≃2m/s ・回転数≃100rpm
7.
長野高専 機械工学科 発電装置としての性能 6 平板から三角,山形へ 同条件で三角出力=1.5×平板出力(地点A) 同条件で山形出力=1.2×三角出力(地点B) 結果良好,なぜ向上したか・・
8.
長野高専 機械工学科 更なる改良研究の課題(フィールド試験と性能改善に向けて) 7 場所の確保(権利,安全対策,計測器設置等) 安定環境 (水量,水位,流速,水面変動,落差,気候,浮体姿勢等)
流れの計測・観測が難しい (定量性,改善効果の定性的確認) フィールド試験を主とした現状アプローチの課題 対応 ・回流水槽によるモデル実験(コスト) ・数値シミュレーションによる数値実験 ⇒OpenFOAMの活用 目的:どの程度現象を再現でき,分析に役立つか 検証:平板と山形水車で ・入水,離水時の挙動 ・トルク,効率の変化
9.
長野高専 機械工学科 解析準備(1) 8 OpenFOAMの環境で実施 水車羽根車,羽根車を包括する回転領域のSTLデータ
10.
長野高専 機械工学科 解析準備(2) 9 blockMesh(-0.65,-0.3,-0.3)-(1.35,0.3,0.3)m ベース格子サイズ2㎝(100×30×30分割)
snappyHexMesh 回転領域の設定(createBaffles,mergeOrSplitBaffles) 川の部分を設定(topoSet,createPatch,回転軸から5㎝)
11.
長野高専 機械工学科 解析準備(3-1) 10 境界条件 速度 slipwall zeroGradient CyclicAMI movingWallVelocity fixedValue fixedValue 液相 2m/s,気相
0m/s 回転速度:10.5rad/s(1.6m/s)
12.
長野高専 機械工学科 解析準備(3-2) 11 境界条件 相 zeroGradient zeroGradient CyclicAMI zeroGradient fixedValue fixedValue 気相 動粘性係数 1e-05 密度
1.2 液相 動粘性係数 1e-06 密度 1000 表面張力係数 0.07
13.
長野高専 機械工学科 中央断面での入水・離水時の液面変化 12
14.
長野高専 機械工学科 入水,離水時の巻き上げ違い 13
15.
長野高専 機械工学科 入水・離水による出力変動の有無 14 1cycle1cycle 8枚羽根+入水,離水ノイズ明瞭な8枚羽根 ●平板 〇山形 平板 羽根の出力+入水抵抗+離水抵抗+上流水位,循環渦複雑波形 山形 平板の出力と比べ規則正しい波形
16.
長野高専 機械工学科 山形水車での流れの回転数依存 15 液相 2m/s 気相 0m/s 回転速度 6.0rad/s (
Τ𝑇𝑆𝑅 = 𝑢 𝑇 𝑢 𝑊 = 0.45) 8.0rad/s (𝑇𝑆𝑅 = 0.60) 10.5rad/s (𝑇𝑆𝑅 = 0.79)
17.
長野高専 機械工学科 入水・離水による出力変動の変化 16 1cycle 状態変化 周速度低減に伴い,上流での水位上昇,逆流(循環渦)発生 下流巻き上げ量も増加傾向
周速度比(羽根先端周速/水流速)0.6までは,羽根1枚ごとの トルク変動が確認できる. 𝑇𝑆𝑅 = 0.79 𝑇𝑆𝑅 = 0.60 𝑇𝑆𝑅 = 0.45
18.
長野高専 機械工学科 まとめ 17 下掛け水車周りの二相流解析をOpenFOAM(interDyMFoam)で実施 フィールド試験にみられた入水・離水時の水面変化を定性的に再現 山形(三角)の羽根車にすることで,入水時の水面抵抗,離水時の巻 き上げによる抵抗を低減できることを解析で確認
上流側での水面上昇は,山形水車でも低周速度比で発生,下流巻 き上げ量も増加傾向にある. 今後 定量的な効率予測 浮体(今回触れなかった)との 挙動との連成
19.
長野高専 機械工学科