Introduction This paper will analyze the author’s claims, reasons and evidence for The Border to determine if the argument is effective in persuading the target audience. First at all, we have to provide the context about the primary arguments that author highlight in article, a lot of Mexican try to cross border illegally that cause a tidal wave through United States. The 200,000 Mexicans were attempting to immigrate by illegal way that have raise by author as evidence to support the arguments. There are various of situation that have been caused by the illegally immigration; meanwhile, the author present an argument that US citizens now face many troubles coming from illegal immigration such job losing and safety problems, they believe that the political leader of government have to do something to restrict the influx from illegal immigration.(paragraph3,5,7) On the other hand, the political leader of government said that restriction of immigration seem to retard the economy growth.( paragraph6). A statement of the claim/reason of “The Border.” The author main claim is that the issue have been raise between citizenry and political leader of government because they conflict on different political opinions for illegally immigration, and that is the reason why border issue can’t be settled. Author provides the following reasons to support the claim: the gap is that generated from illegal immigration because different opinion between citizenry and political leader of government such regulation as opposed to restriction for border. A discussion of the general context, authors’ purpose and authors’ audience Author purpose is to make the reader aware the differences of opinions which between citizenry and U.S political leader, meanwhile what they might face due to illegally immigration, in order to let the reader understand that what are some of potential influences of illegal immigration they will actually deal with. Author establishes a formal and analytical tone with audiences who might suffer from illegal immigration, the evidence that author provide can make the assumption more powerful like the statistic and examples. Author provide that 58 percent of surveyed people believe Mexico is the sources of territory and refer to evidence for citizen. Otherwise, the evidence of “guest work” are used to support the points of political leader. Evaluation of supporting evidence: Author argue that the illegal immigration lead the potential political conflict between different point of view for citizenry and leader of US. The author claim is support by the use of some statistic data and research , the statistic present that they are around 485000 Mexican have crossed the border illegally since 2000 and they are 687 border agent has been attacked by illegal border crosser. This evidence is effective to support the popular’s and have to implement the stringent reform for ensure the American citizen safety. However, the government provide that the immig.

1. Introduction
This paper will analyze the author’s claims, reasons and
evidence for The Border to determine if the argument is
effective in persuading the target audience.
First at all, we have to provide the context about the primary
arguments that author highlight in article, a lot of Mexican try
to cross border illegally that cause a tidal wave through United
States. The 200,000 Mexicans were attempting to immigrate by
illegal way that have raise by author as evidence to support the
arguments. There are various of situation that have been caused
by the illegally immigration; meanwhile, the author present an
argument that US citizens now face many troubles coming from
illegal immigration such job losing and safety problems, they
believe that the political leader of government have to do
something to restrict the influx from illegal
immigration.(paragraph3,5,7) On the other hand, the political
leader of government said that restriction of immigration seem
to retard the economy growth.( paragraph6).
A statement of the claim/reason of “The Border.”
The author main claim is that the issue have been raise between
citizenry and political leader of government because they
conflict on different political opinions for illegally immigration,
and that is the reason why border issue can’t be settled. Author
provides the following reasons to support the claim: the gap is
that generated from illegal immigration because different
opinion between citizenry and political leader of government
such regulation as opposed to restriction for border.
A discussion of the general context, authors’ purpose and
authors’ audience
Author purpose is to make the reader aware the differences of
opinions which between citizenry and U.S political leader,
meanwhile what they might face due to illegally immigration, in

2. order to let the reader understand that what are some of
potential influences of illegal immigration they will actually
deal with. Author establishes a formal and analytical tone with
audiences who might suffer from illegal immigration, the
evidence that author provide can make the assumption more
powerful like the statistic and examples. Author provide that 58
percent of surveyed people believe Mexico is the sources of
territory and refer to evidence for citizen. Otherwise, the
evidence of “guest work” are used to support the points of
political leader.
Evaluation of supporting evidence:
Author argue that the illegal immigration lead the potential
political conflict between different point of view for citizenry
and leader of US. The author claim is support by the use of
some statistic data and research , the statistic present that they
are around 485000 Mexican have crossed the border illegally
since 2000 and they are 687 border agent has been attacked by
illegal border crosser. This evidence is effective to support the
popular’s and have to implement the stringent reform for ensure
the American citizen safety. However, the government provide
that the immigration is valuable for America economy growth, it
can’t be restrict and then instead of regulate. The different
opinion between citizenry and political leader cause the
pressure for dispose the problem about illegal border crosser.
So we have to narrow the gap for those people who have
different perspectives.
Evaluation of the organizing structure
The organization of the article extends the issue about illegally
immigration making the argument more persuasive. The
structure is follow by systematic and logically, the author
explain the detail of background at the beginning paragraphs
and then diverge the opinion gradually, author keep carrying on
the different perspectives for political leader and citizenry.
Furthermore, The argument will present after he combine the
idea for two group of people and claim that they have to narrow
the gap for resolve the problem cause by illegal immigration.

3. The Author use the example to illustrate the different between
citizenry and government leader. It help the reader with more
cogitative and impressive. The systematic and logical
explanation of structure let the reader more easy to follow.
A conclusion:
The author’s argument are effective because it make gap
caused by different opinion distinct enough for reader to
understand and follow. Meanwhile, I also believe that the
argument is effective because the evidences is formatted and
logical organized. The authors provide o enhance the
persuasive of the article through several strategy such as
research and statistic. Finally, it convince enough to the
audience for understanding the purpose of the gap cause by
illegally immigration for citizenry and leader of government.
THE NATION IN NUMBERS
The Border
Illegal immigration is
once again a potent
political issue
More than 1.3 million people werecaught trying to enter the
United
States illegally from Mexico in 2004.
Nearly 200,000 were attempting to cross,
often concealed in vehicles, at one of
the twenty-five U.S.-Mexican Customs
stations; most ofthe rest—those indi-
cated on the map—were apprehended
by the U.S. Border Patrol, while making

4. their way across the Rio Grande or the
Sonora Desert or through the fences
and other barriers separating Tijuana
from southern California.
The Border Patrol has become
much larger and more sophisticated in
recent decades. Since the current wave
of illegal Mexican immigration began,
in the mid-1970s, the number of agents
along the southern U.S. border has
risen from 2,000 to 11,000. Roadways
have been extended into remote areas
to give agents better act ess to smug-
gling routes; floodlights, motion sen-
sors, and remote video cameras have
been installed; and agents have started
patrolling in aircraft as well as on the
ground. Last year the Border Patrol
deployed a "Predator B" unmaruied
aerial vehicle—the first American UAV
put to civilian use. It provides real-time
bird's-eye views of previously inacces-
sible areas, transmitting images that are
quickly relayed to agents on the ground.
But, of course, the migrants keep
slipping through. The Border Patrol
will not speculate about how many
evade capture and enter the United
States; the Pew Hispanic Center
recently estimated that, on average,
485,000 Mexicans have crossed the
border illegally every year since 2000,
and that more illegal than legal aliens
have entered the country altogether

5. since 1995.
Immigration pressure from Mexico
is unlikely to abate anytime soon.
Nearly half of all Mexicans asked
by Pew said they would come to the
United States immediately if they had
UNCLOOOINfl THE ARTERliS
As recently as the 1980s the major roads lead-
ing from the border to San Diego. El Paso, ond
other southwestern cities were essentioily law-
less. Migrants wandered along highways, buying
food from vendors and even stopping to ploy in
pickup soccer gomes. A vigorous campoign to
stanch the influx in high-troffic areas, mounted
in 1994, has largely restored order^—and re-
routed the migrants to the vast, remote regions
between cities.
El Centro
ban
Diego
138,608
74,467
"the means and opportunity." Twenty-
one percent said they would do so even
if they had to come illegally. Indeed,
many Mexicans seem to have a sense
of entitlement regarding the United
States: 58 percent surveyed in a 2002
Zogby poll believe that "the territory

6. ofthe United States' Southwest right-
fully belongs to Mexico."
Americans are unhappy about this
state of affairs: according to recent
polls, most favor beefing up the
enforcement of immigration laws and
using troops to police the border. A
majority even voiced support for the
Minuteman Project, a group of civilian
vigilantes who have begun patrolling
the border themselves.
However, political leaders in both
parties (along with many business
organizations, media outlets., and
bipartisan interest groups) see the
issue differently, believing that restrict-
ing immigration is not economically
desirable. The immigration proposals
currently circulating in Washington
seem unlikely to reduce the influx
from the south. They are aimed instead
at regularizing it, by creating a tempo-
rary-visa program for migrant laborers.
Although such a "guest worker" pro-
gram might be paired with legislation
to tighten border security and curb
the hiring of illegal immigrants, as
President Bush suggested in a Novem-
ber policy speech, there's reason to
doubt that serious restrictions would
actually result. The last major immigra-
tion reform, iu 1986, was supposed to
provide a similar tradeoff—an amnesty
program for illegal aliens already in

7. the United States was joined to a com-
Yuma
98,060
DEADLY CROSSINGS
As the Border Patrol has expanded, smugglers
have been guiding migrants along ever more
remote trails. This, cambined with a hotter than
usual summer, resulted in the known deaths
of 473 would-be immigrants in 2005—a 40
percent increase over the previous year, ond
the most since 1998, when the Border Patrol
started keeping an official count. According to
the Border Patrol's records, 2,698 peopie have
died while trying to enter the United States
from the south in that time.
BORDER PATROL
APPREHENSIONS
by sector
• 0-50.000
50.000-100.000
; 100.000-200,000
H 200.000+
A Border Patrol Stations
mitment to crack down on employers
of illegal immigrants. The amnesty

8. was implemented; the crackdown
fizzled out. And in December of 2004
Congress authorized the addition of
10,000 Border Patrol agents over a five-
year period beginning in 2006—but
only 210 new positions were funded
for this year.
This gap between popular and
elite opinion means that the porousness
ofthe border is becoming a potent
issue, especially for working-class
voters, whose jobs may be vulnerable
5 4 THE ATLANTIC MONTHLY JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2006
THE SNOWBIRDS' NEW NEIGNBORS
In 2004 half a million illegal migrants were apprehended
in Arizona—more than in any other state. Many cross
c wide expanse of the Sonora Desert, south of Tucson.
Last year the Border Petrol doubled its surveillance air-
craft aver the Tucson Sector and increased the number
of border agents there by 25 percent. The unofficial
number of apprehensions in 2005 dropped by 1 1 per-
cent, indicating a significant redaction in attempts to
enter the state.
Tucson El Paso
CATCH AND RELEASE
Most Mexicans caught crossing into the United States
are immediately returned to Mexica without • hearing;

9. it's been a different stary. however, when it comes to
other foreign nationals, wha must oppeor before a judge
to determine whether they can be departed. Last year
120,000 of the 160,000 non-Mexicans apprehended by
the Border Patral were assigned a court dote and then
simply released, often on their own recognizance, for
lack of fociiities in which to hold them. The government
15 currently institiittng on "expedited removal" program,
under which most non-Mexicons and Mexicans alike will
be repatriated without a hearing.
• • •
491,771
104,399
.
TOTAL
APPREHENSIONS
to guest-worker progratns. Tom Tan-
credo, a Republican congressman
frotn Colorado, has threatened to tnake
an insurgent run for the 2008 COP
presidential nomination if no other
candidate comes out strongly against
illegal immigration., and observers
speculate that Democrats might use
the issue to try to outflank the COP on
the right. (Last year the governors of
New Mexico and Arizona, both Demo-
crats, declared states of emergency
because ofthe influx of illegal immi-
grants., blaming the federal govern-

10. Marfa
10,530
Del Rio
Laredo
53,794
Rio Grande
Valley
CIRCLING TNE WAGOHS
Illegol immigrants and their smugglers
have become increasingly violent in their
efforts to enter the country: attacks on
Border Patrol agents nearly doubled, to
687 from 2004 to 2005. Agents have
been shot at, assaulted with slingshots
loaded with marbles and boll beorings,
and victimized by "rockings"—having
rocks hurled at them from the Mexican
side of the border. In response they hove
started launching exploding containers of
pepper sproy and using customized rock-
proof vehicles, dubbed "war wagons."
ment for failing to secure the border.)
Nativist politics hasn't fared well
in recent decades. And securing the
border may not be feasible no matter
what the public wants—at least absent
a heavy military presence atid the sorts

11. of barriers used in Cold War Berlin
and the Korean DMZ. (Spending on
border security rose dramatically
during the 1990s, hut so did the num-
ber of illegal immigrants.) However.,
unless the gap on this issue between
America's leaders and its citizenry
is somehow narrowed, whether by
stringent reform or by rising economic
optimism on Main Street, a populist
backlash eould ensue—against both
illegal immigrants themselves and
those many see as their enablers in
Washington. -Ross DOUTHAT AND
JENNY WOODSON
THE AGENDA THE ATLANTIC MONTHLY 5 5
Ling 281: Project #1
An Account of an Argument
This paper asks you to identify an argument’s claim and reason.
You will also need to explain the general context for the
argument, the author’s purpose and audience and how you have
been able to determine the context/audience/purpose based on
clues from inside and outside of the text. It also asks you to
describe the author’s (4) supporting evidence and (5) overall
structure, and finally, evaluate the argument in terms of its
purpose and audience.

12. Successful essays will include:
1. An introductory section that provides all the information the
audience will need to understand your argument. This includes
the topic of the writing project and your argument claim and
reason about the author’s use of good reasons.
2. A statement of the claim/reason of “The Border.”
3. A discussion of the general context, authors’ purpose and
authors’ audience, supported by evidence from inside or outside
of the text
4. A description and evaluation of supporting evidence.
A. Where do you find facts and evidence in the argument?
Direct observation? Statistics? Interviews? Surveys? Primary
sources such as eyewitness accounts? Secondary sources such as
published research? Quotations from authorities? Hypothetical
situations? Analogy? Allusion? Personal Experience?
5. A description and evaluation of the organizing structure. To
evaluate the article’s structure, you may want to ask yourself
these questions:
A. Is the information presented in a logical order? Does the
author use chronological order, cause/effect, problem/solution,
general to specific, or other ways of organizing information? Do
those structures help make the argument more persuasive?
6. A conclusion that clarifies whether you believe the authors
have written an effective argument based on the evidence and
organization they chose to convince their audience of their
purpose.

13. Outline due in class:
In-class writing:
Revised essay is due one week after your in-class writing is
returned. Revised length – 3-4 pages.