This document provides instructions for scoring an evidence-based clinical question rubric. It includes a rubric with criteria for evaluating a refined PICOT question, systematic review of the clinical question using databases, description of the systematic review and errors analysis, determination of an evidence-based quantitative article from the search, summarization of the selected case study, description of the study approach and population, application of evidence to practice, evaluation of outcomes and validity/reliability, discussion of potential bias, determination of evidence level, length, and format/style following APA guidelines. Scores between 0-4 are entered in the yellow cells for each criteria, with the total score out of 100% calculated at the bottom along with comments on

1. Unit 5Instructions: Enter total points possible in cell C12, under
the rubric. Next enter scores (between 0 and 4) into yellow cells
only in column F.Evidence-Based Clinical Question
SearchUnsatisfacotrySatisfactoryAverageExcellentScoreWeight
Final Score1234Identify your refined PICOT
question.IncompleteN/AN/AComplete05%0.00Using PubMed
and the Cochrane collaboration database, do a systematic review
of your clinical
question.IncompleteN/AN/AComplete010%0.00Describe your
systematic review and include an errors
analysis.IncompleteN/AN/AComplete010%0.00Determine an
evidence-based quantitative article from the search that contains
an evidence-based randomized control
trial.IncompleteN/AN/AComplete010%0.00Summarize the case
study selected.IncompleteN/AN/AComplete05%0.00Describe
the study approach, sample size, and population
studied.IncompleteN/AN/AComplete05%0.00Apply the
evidence from this review to your practice specifically in your
overview.IncompleteN/AN/AComplete010%0.00Evaluate the
outcomes, identifying the validity and
reliability.IncompleteN/AN/AComplete010%0.00Discuss if the
study contained any
bias.IncompleteN/AN/AComplete010%0.00Determine the level
of evidence identified in the
review.IncompleteN/AN/AComplete010%0.00LengthLess than 7
pages8 pages9 pages10 pages 05%0.00Format/StyleDid not
follow APA formatMajor errors with APA formattingText, title
page, and references page follow APA guidelines . Minor
references and grammar errorsText, title page and references
page follow APA guidelines. No grammar, word usage or
punctuation errors. Overall style is consistent with professional
work.010%0.00100%0.00Final Score0Percentage0.00%Total
available points =2504Rubric ScoreGrade
pointsPercentageLowHighLowHighLowHigh3.54.022525090%1

2. 00%2.53.4920022580%89.99%1.72.4917520070%79.99%1.01.6
915017560%69.99%0.01.000150059.99%Comments:
Running head: EFFECTIVE OBESITY MANAGEMENT
1
EFFECTIVE OBESITY MANAGEMENT
2
Effective Obesity Management
Kaplan University
Topic Selection 42/42
EBP Overview 48/48
Length 6/6
Format/Style 20/24
Total 116/120 Outstanding paper with APA
errors.

3. Introduction
With this paper, I will share my research topic question, after
much consideration, I came across the best way to address the
question and yield evidence based practice results. My
question is: is bariatric surgery effective in yielding long term
success when compared to lifestyle changes, in the obese
population? I will also include the use of reputable reliable
search resources such as Cochrane Database. There are
significant healthcare issues that can be addressed within my
area of specialty, and the focus in healthcare should be to create
a better environment where best healthcare decisions can be
made. The understanding of these healthcare issues provides a
better environment where better practices can be developed and
implemented. The focus, in this case is on better considerations
in dealing with obesity. The growing prevalence of obesity
amongst adults and children is a major public health challenge
both nationally and internationally. Being overweight or obese
can increase the risk of developing a range of other health
problems such as coronary heart disease (CHD), type 2 diabetes,
some cancers, and stroke and reduce life expectancy. The
concerns of obesity are not limited to the direct impact on
health. In the view of the dynamic changes in lifestyles, there
has been a paradigm shift in statistics from how it used to be in
late 20th century and early 21st century. Statistically, 24% of
men and 25% of women are obese. Therefore, there are two
critical ways that obesity can be controlled and this include
through lifestyle change or bariatric surgery (Vartanian and
Fardouly, 2014). Comment by Bobby: This citation belongs
after the very first sentence which includes content or ideas

4. from the reference. Also, use an ampersand and not the word
and.
Picot Question
The research question, in this case, will follow the etiology
format since we are comparing the effectiveness of these two
obesity control measures. Therefore, the research question will
be as follows: Comment by Bobby: ? Citation.
Is bariatric surgery effective in yielding long term success when
compared to lifestyle changes, in the obese population?
Cochrane Database
Conducting this research with a database that is evidence based
is very important because it will provide valid information.
Cochrane Database searches for evidence based topics, has free
website access, and, according to our text book this database is
comprised of six Cochrane databases, the Cochran’s gold
standard database is the Cochrane Database of Systemic
Reviews better known as the CDSR (Melnick & Fineout-
Overholt, 2015). I also used Kaplan library, as I find it as a
valuable tool with multiple peer-reviewed articles that are
reliable. According to our text book, systematic reviews are
important to the researcher since it will yield the most evidence
based practice with minimum potential for bias, it is also known
for having a strong approach to the summary of the research,
there are other types of research methods that can be used which
are: meta-analysis, integrative review, and narrative review
(Melnick & Fineout-Overholt, 2015).
The focus of the problem
Obesity has been a major thorn in the health sector for a very
long time even though the rate of increases has not been like the
one being witnessed currently. In the last five years, two in ten
children in the developed countries were obese that rate has
highly increased with the current statistics indicating that four
in ten children are obese. This is a very alarming rate hence it
has attracted various stakeholders to consider the issue. The
number of adult obese is also skyrocketing given the fact that
there is a high chance that obese children will be obese adults.

5. There was a study conducted on obese adults where there were
implementations of diet, and exercise followed for a year,
conclusion was that there was not sufficient reporting outcomes
to measure results, and the reporting methods used were
inappropriate. (Mastellos, Gunn, Felix, Car, & Majeed, 2014).
Researchers should consider conducting this study again, results
from the study will be beneficial. Comment by Bobby:
Citation belongs here. Comment by Bobby: No period
According to Coen and Goodpaster (2016), various treatment
mechanisms can be used to treat obese patients especially when
the prevalence in the body is still low. Treatment of obese
individuals can be categorized into two categories, obesity
treatment in adults and children since they are not subjected to
the same type of treatment because of different body
compositions. Any particular therapeutic interventions in a
child with obesity must be able to achieve control of both the
weight gain and reduction in body mass index. Loss of about
20% of the body weight can lead to a reduction of the various
health risks related to obesity (Coen and Goodpaster, 2016).
Comment by Bobby: redundant
Bariatric surgery, therefore, has been significantly considered
as a key focus is in controlling obesity. This method has been
significantly engaged because it is highly successful however
the challenge that arises is that it does not focus on preventive
measures but it seeks to engage the already obese which means
that it is difficult to control obesity significantly. A significant
focus has been on the change of lifestyle and overall wellbeing
of individuals. This is considered the most important method
that can be considered in creating a healthy society.
Comment by Bobby: with a new paragraph, the sentences
are no longer contiguous and the reference needs to be cited
again. Generally, as long as you are still talking about the same
reference there is no need to begin a new paragraph.
According to Chan, and Woo, (2017) despite the various
solutions that can reduce the obesity amongst the patients, a
population-based strategy is the surest means of reducing

6. obesity amongst patients whose benefits cannot get unnoticed.
Proposal and implementation of obesity prevention
methodologies focus on the causative elements resulting in
obesity. The prevention strategy focuses on lifestyle change
barriers from community, personal, socioeconomic and
environmental levels. The strategy would involve different
stakeholders, organizations, and different medical institutions.
Developing preventive measures in handling obesity is a clear,
effective strategy when considering that all stakeholders will be
very much corporative efforts. However, it important to
understand the need or the total cost that is likely to be engaged
in creating a clear plan. The focus has been significantly on the
underlying causes of obesity since it is much easier to deal with
the risk factors rather than obesity-related complications.
Rabkin and Campbell (2015) asserts that despite the common
knowledge among individuals that fast foods are largely risky to
human health, fast foods eateries and restaurants have been
significantly embraced by vast population, which makes it a
booming business. This shows that controlling the risk factors
to obesity may be a clever idea, but it is very difficult to
implement such consideration, which is significantly embraced
despite, is detrimental nature of human health. However, it is
important to understand these two techniques the important
intervention that creates a significant environment where the
long-term success can be determined (Rabkin and Campbell,
2015). Comment by Bobby: Redundant.
Summary
To conduct this research, I used databases that produce reliable

7. evidence based research. Cochrane Database, has free website
access, but according to our text book there are six Cochrane
databases and the Cochrane’s gold standard database is the
Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews better known as the
CDSR (Melnick & Fineout-Overholt, 2015). I also used as
reference Kaplan library, as I find it as a valuable tool.
Conducting systematic reviews are important to the researcher
since it will yield the most evidence based practice with
minimum potential for bias, according to our text book, there
are other types of research methods that can be used which are:
meta-analysis, integrative review, and narrative review
(Melnick & Fineout-Overholt, 2015).
Determining the best intervention where obesity can prevent is
an important thing to help the increasingly high population of
obese people not only in the United States but also across the
globe. Thus, determining the long-term success is key in
choosing between bariatric surgery and lifestyle changes in
dealing with obesity. Considering that obesity is a lifestyle
disease the better engagement must be developed putting into
focus this aspect.
References
Chan, R., & Woo, J. (2017). Prevention of Overweight and
Obesity: How Effective is the Current Public Health Approach.
Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2872299/
Coen, P. M., & Goodpaster, B. H. (2016). A role for exercise
after bariatric surgery? Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism,
18(1), 16-23. Comment by Bobby: Only the issue number is

8. italicized, not the volume number.
Mastellos, N., Gunn, L. H., Felix, L. M., Car, J., & Majeed, A.
(2014). Transtheoretical model
stages of change for dietary and physical exercise modification
in weight loss management for overweight and obese
adults. The Cochrane Database Of Systematic Reviews, (2),
CD008066. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008066.pub3
Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2015). Evidence-Based
Practice in nursing and
healthcare: A guide to best practice (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA:
Wolters Kluwer Health
Rabkin, S. W., & Campbell, H. (2015). Comparison of reducing
epicardial fat by exercise, diet or bariatric surgery weight loss
strategies: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Obesity
Reviews, 16(5), 406-415. Comment by Bobby: The word
following a: it's capitalized. Comment by Bobby: Only the
issue number is italicized, not the volume number.
Vartanian, L. R., & Fardouly, J. (2014). Reducing the stigma of
bariatric surgery: benefits of providing information about
necessary lifestyle changes. Obesity, 22(5), 1233-1237.
Retrieved from The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled
Trials (CENTRAL) 2016 Issue 1 Copyright © 2016 The
Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effective Obesity Management

9. Introduction
Obesity has been a major public health challenge globally.
Obesity prevalence increasing amongst adults and children.
The research aims at providing understanding of effective
obesity management.
Obesity management focuses on bariatric surgery and the
lifestyle changes.

10. There are significant healthcare issues that can be addressed
within my area of specialty, and thus the focus in healthcare
should be to create a better environment where better healthcare
decisions can be made. The understanding of these healthcare
issues provides a better environment where better practices can
be developed and implemented. The growing prevalence of
obesity amongst adults and children is a major public health
challenge both nationally and internationally. Being overweight
or obese can increase the risk of developing a range of other
health problems such as coronary heart disease (CHD), type 2
diabetes, some cancers, and stroke and reduce life expectancy.
The concerns of obesity are not limited to the direct impact on
health. Therefore, there are two critical ways that obesity can be
controlled, and this includes lifestyle change, or bariatric
surgery (Vartanian and Fardouly, 2014).
2
The Picot Question

11. Is bariatric surgery effective in yielding long term success when
compared to lifestyle changes in the obese population?
Patient/Population: Obese Patients
Intervention: Lifestyle changes
Comparison: Bariatric surgery
Outcome: Weight loss will result in improved quality of life.
The research question in this case will follow the PICOT format
which stands for Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison,
Outcome, and Time (Melnick, & Fineout-Overholt, (2015). We
are comparing the effectiveness of these two obesity control
measures, with the purpose of evaluating which intervention
will lead to lasting results.
3

12. Database Selection
Cochrane Database searches for evidence-based topics with free
website access.
Database is comprised of six Cochrane databases.
Cochran’s gold standard database is the Cochrane Database of
Systemic Reviews (Melnick & Fineout-Overholt, 2015).
Kaplan library a valuable tool with multiple and reliable peer-
reviewed articles.
Conducting this research with a database that is evidence based
is very important because it will provide valid information.
Cochrane Database searches for evidence-based topics, has free
website access, and, according to our textbook this database is
comprised of six Cochrane databases, the Cochran’s gold
standard database is the Cochrane Database of Systemic
Reviews. According to our textbook, systematic reviews are
important to the researcher since it will yield the most
evidence-based practice with minimum potential for bias, it is
also known for having a strong approach to the summary of the
research, there are other types of research methods that can be

13. used which are: meta-analysis, integrative review, and narrative
review (Melnick & Fineout-Overholt, 2015).
4
Peer reviewed article 1
Chan, R., & Woo, J. (2017). Prevention of Overweight and
Obesity: How Effective is the Current Public Health Approach.
Purpose
The research focused on the review of definition of overweight
and obesity.
It redressed the health consequences.
Explained factors contributing to the development of obesity.
Obesity has been a major thorn in the health sector for a very
long time even though the rate of increases has not been like the
one being witnessed currently. In the last five years, two in ten
children in the developed countries were obese that rate has
highly increased with the current statistics indicating that one in
five children are obese (Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, [CDC], 2017). This is a very alarming rate hence it

14. has attracted various stakeholders to consider the issue. The
number of adult obese is also skyrocketing given the fact that
there is a high chance that obese children will be obese adults.
5
…Peer Reviewed Article 1
Methods
Incorporated systematic review of past studies.
This is relevant to the topic.
It allows comparison of varying results on the obesity.
…Peer reviewed article 1
Findings and Level of Confidence
Proposed obesity prevention and implementation methodologies.
The methodologies focus on the causative elements leading to
obesity.
Prevention strategy emphasized on lifestyle change barriers at
levels.
Community, personal, socioeconomic, and environmental levels.
The study has level 1 evidence.

15. The evidence is obtained from systematic review of trials.
Various treatment mechanisms can be used to treat obese
patients especially when the prevalence in the body is still low.
Treatment of obese individuals can be categorized into two
categories, obesity treatment in adults and children since they
are not subjected to the same type of treatment because of
different body compositions. Any particular therapeutic
interventions in a child with obesity must be able to achieve
control of both the weight gain and reduction in body mass
index. Loss of body weight can lead to a reduction of the
various health risks related to obesity.
7
Peer Reviewed Article 2
Mastellos, N., Gunn, L. H., Felix, L. M., Car, J., & Majeed, A.
(2014). Transtheoretical model stages of change for dietary and
physical exercise modification in weight loss management for
overweight and obese adults.

16. Purpose
Assessed effectiveness of the dietary intervention.
Physical activity interventions among obese adults.
Importance of the interventions in sustainable weight loss.
Bariatric surgery, therefore, has been significantly considered
as a key focus is in controlling obesity. This method has been
significantly engaged because it is highly successful however
the challenge that arises is that it does not focus on preventive
measures but it seeks to engage the already obese which means
that it is difficult to control obesity significantly. A significant
focus has been on the change of lifestyle and overall wellbeing
of individuals. This is considered the most important method
that can be considered in creating a healthy society.
8
…Peer Reviewed Article 2
Methods

17. Employed a systematic review of past researches.
Based on randomized control experiments.
Also focused on the Cochrane library, MEDLINE, EMBASE and
psyclINFO.
There was a study conducted on obese adults where there were
implementations of diet, and exercise followed for a year
(Mastellos, Gunn, Felix, Car, & Majeed, 2014). Researchers
should consider conducting this study again, comparing, results
from the study will be beneficial.
9
…Peer Reviewed Article 2
Findings
Established the dietary and physical exercise.
They have significant impact on reducing weight.
Underscored that some previous studies had limited scope.
The limitation influenced outcomes.
The level 2 evidence was adopted in the study.

18. Proposal and implementation of obesity prevention
methodologies focus on the causative elements resulting in
obesity. The prevention strategy focuses on lifestyle change
barriers from community, personal, socioeconomic and
environmental levels. The strategy would involve different
stakeholders, organizations, and different medical institutions.
10
Peer reviewed article 3
Rabkin, S. W., & Campbell, H. (2015). Comparison of reducing
epicardial fat by exercise, diet or bariatric surgery weight loss
strategies: a systematic review and meta‐analysis.
Purpose
Focused on determining whether epicardial fat is subject to
modification.
Determined various strategies used in reducing weight.

19. Developing preventive measures in handling obesity is a clear,
effective strategy when considering that all stakeholders will be
very much corporative efforts. However, it important to
understand the need or the total cost that is likely to be engaged
in creating a clear plan. The focus has been significantly on the
underlying causes of obesity since it is much easier to deal with
the risk factors rather than obesity-related complications.
11
…Peer Reviewed Article 3
Methods
Relied on meta-analysis guidelines
11 articles were identified.
The articles had 12 different intervention approaches.

20. Despite the common knowledge among individuals that fast
foods are largely risky to human health, fast foods eateries and
restaurants have been significantly embraced by vast
population, which makes it a booming business Rabkin &
Campbell, 2015). This shows that controlling the risk factors to
obesity may be a clever idea, but it is very difficult to
implement since it is significantly embraced despite the
detrimental consequences to human health.
12
…Peer Reviewed Article 3
Findings
The systematic review found 8 interventions.
The interventions had significant reduction effect on the
epicardial fat.
The diet-based interventions reduced epicardial fat.
The level of evidence used is level 1.

21. It is important to understand these techniques the important
interventions that create a significant environment where after
careful evaluation of the outcomes the long-term success can be
determined.
13
Summary
Vital to determine the best obesity prevention strategies.
Obesity can be reduced by adopting either bariatric surgery or
lifestyle changes.
The strategies will reduce the growing number of obese people
in the United States and globally.

22. Considering that obesity is a lifestyle disease the better
engagement must be developed putting into focus this aspect.
Thus the focus is critical in creating a well engaged
environment where obesity can be controlled and prevented. It
is important to understand how effective these tools are and
thus creates a significant environment where it is easier to
create a better plan regarding preventing obesity going forward.
Each technique therefore has its own focus and creates an
effective environment where better and quality analysis can be
achieved regarding its overall applicability.
14
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. (2017).
Childhood obesity facts. Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/obesity/facts.htm
Chan, R., & Woo, J. (2017). Prevention of Overweight and
Obesity: How Effective is the Current Public Health Approach.
Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2872299/
Coen, P. M., & Goodpaster, B. H. (2016). A role for exercise
after bariatric surgery? Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism,
18(1), 16-23.
Mastellos, N., Gunn, L. H., Felix, L. M., Car, J., & Majeed, A.
(2014). Transtheoretical model
stages of change for dietary and physical exercise modification
in weight loss management for overweight and obese
adults. The Cochrane Database Of Systematic Reviews, (2),

23. CD008066. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008066.pub3
Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2015). Evidence-Based
Practice in nursing and healthcare: A guide to best practice (3rd
ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health.
Rabkin, S. W., & Campbell, H. (2015). Comparison of reducing
epicardial fat by exercise, diet or bariatric surgery weight loss
strategies: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Obesity
Reviews, 16(5), 406-415.
Unit 5 Assignment
Evidence-Based Clinical Question Search Assignment
Purpose:
The purpose of this Assignment is to give you a practical
application to implement your PICOT idea, supported by the
evidence-based research you have obtained in during your
systematic review. You will apply evidence-based research
findings, discovered from your clinical question, and then
integrate those to support your suggested change in nursing

24. practice.
Directions:
1. Identify your refined PICOT question.
2. Using PubMed and the Cochrane collaboration database, do a
systematic review of your clinical question.
3. Describe your systematic review
4. Determine an evidence-based quantitative article from the
search that contains an evidence-based randomized control trial.
5. Summarize the case study selected.
6. Describe the study approach, sample size, and population
studied.
7. Apply the evidence from this review to your practice
specifically in your overview.
8. Evaluate the outcomes, identifying the validity and
reliability.
9. Discuss if the study contained any bias.
10. Determine the level of evidence identified in the review.
11. The length should be no less than 10 Pages in APA format.
To view the Grading Rubric for this Assignment, please visit
the Grading Rubrics section of the Course Resources.
Assignment Requirements:
Before finalizing your work, you should:
· be sure to read the Assignment description carefully (as
displayed above)
· Good evening class,
· the purpose of this email is to provide clarification and
guidance on the unit five assignment. This is an APA paper, at
least 10 pages with one of those being the title page and on
being a reference page. This page is basically has two major
components. The first component is about finding relevant
literature. The second component is to thoroughly describes a
single randomized control trial (RCT) study that you found
during your literature review.
· As with any paper I would like you to begin with an
introductory paragraph explaining the purpose of your paper.
· First Component

25. · You have been refining your clinical inquiry/PICOT question
over the last few weeks and will once again you will need to
discuss the problem area, and the elements of your clinical
inquiry.
· You will complete a literature search utilizing At least two of
the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane
collaboration, and CINAHL.
· Describe/discuss the databases that you choose, describe your
search strategies including the search terms that you used, the
number of results, how you refine your search in order to focus
or broaden the search to identify relevant studies. Include any
limiters that you utilized. YOU DO NOT HAVE TO INCLUDE
AN ERROR ANALYSIS.
· Remember that these studies do not have to directly focus on
your topic, they need to be related to your topic in order to
provide background for the problem area, population,
intervention, outcomes etc.
· Second Component
· Describe/summarize what the RCT that you selected was all
about.
· Discuss the studies approach, sample size, interventions, the
population and any other relevant information from the RCT.
· Discussed how the evidence from this RCT is relevant to your
clinical inquiry.
· Evaluate the results or conclusions from your RCT to include
your thoughts on the validity and reliability of the results.
· Discuss if the RCT contained any bias.
· Determine the level of evidence provided by your RTC (page
92 of your text).
· Finally, as always finish with a summary or conclusion
paragraph.