1. The document analyzes the effectiveness of bariatric surgery compared to lifestyle changes for obesity management based on a review of several peer-reviewed studies. 2. Three peer-reviewed articles are summarized that evaluate obesity interventions such as dietary changes, physical activity, and bariatric surgery. 3. The studies find that both lifestyle interventions and bariatric surgery can significantly reduce weight and obesity levels, though lifestyle changes may be more effective for long-term success due to preventative effects.

1. Unit 4Instructions: Enter total points possible in cell C14, under
the rubric. Next enter scores (between 0 and 4) into yellow cells
only in column F.Interpreting Statistical Output for Data
Analysis
PresentationUnsatisfacotrySatisfactoryAverageExcellentScoreW
eightFinal Score1234Defined Key Clinical Questions Did not
clearly define clinical question for research Attempted to define
clinical question, without any reference necessary for database
searchVaguely defined clinical question without the reference
necessary for database researchClearly defined key clinical
question used to search evidence-based databank (i.e, Pubmed,
Medline, CINAHL, etc)020%0.00Database ReviewDid not
provide a review of the evidence from a database searchProvide
a brief overview of database results, not clearly linked to high
levels of evidence Defined database results clearly, without
generating a key clinical questionDefined database results
clearly, generated from key clinical question database search
results020%0.00Level 1 & 2 EvidenceOnly referenced Level 5-7
evidence, based on expert opinion andcase study reviews.
Referenced research results from Level 4 and belowOnly
referenced Level 3 evidenceReferenced randomized control
study research and systematic review of randomized control
studies (Level 1 and 2 evidence)015%0.00Intrepretation of
Statistical ResultsAttemped to provide an overview of the
evidence reviewed, but lacked statistically significant data.
Attemped to provide a descriptive statistic overview of the
evidence reviewed, inlcuding the sample size, p-factor and
strength of evidence. But, unable to clearly intrept stength of
evidence and the intrepretation was inaccurate. Attemped to
provide a descriptive statistic overview of the evidence
reviewed, inlcuding the sample size, p-factor and strength of
evidence. But, unable to clearly intrept stength of evidence.
Provides a descriptive statistic overview of the evidence
reviewed, inlcuding the sample size, p-factor and strength of

2. evidence.030%0.00LengthLess than 12
slides.NANAPresentation length 12-
15.05%0.00Format/StyleDid not follow APA formatMajor errors
with APA formattingText, title page, and references page follow
APA guidelines . Minor references and grammar errorsText,
title page and references page follow APA guidelines. No
grammar, word usage or punctuation errors. Overall style is
consistent with professional work.010%0.00100%0.00Final
Score0PercentageERROR:#DIV/0!Total available points
=4Rubric ScoreGrade
pointsPercentageLowHighLowHighLowHigh3.54.00090%100%2
.53.490080%89.99%1.72.490070%79.99%1.01.690060%69.99%
0.01.0000059.99%
Effective obesity management

3. Introduction
The growing prevalence of obesity amongst adults and children
is a major public health challenge both nationally and
internationally.
Therefore the research aims at providing an effective
understanding of effective obesity management when focusing
on bariatric surgery and lifestyle changes.

4. There are significant healthcare issues that can be addressed
within my area of specialty, and thus the focus in healthcare
should be to create a better environment where better healthcare
decisions can be made. The understanding of these healthcare
issues provides a better environment where better practices can
be developed and implemented. The growing prevalence of
obesity amongst adults and children is a major public health
challenge both nationally and internationally. Being overweight
or obese can increase the risk of developing a range of other
health problems such as coronary heart disease (CHD), type 2
diabetes, some cancers, and stroke and reduce life expectancy.
The concerns of obesity are not limited to the direct impact on
health. Therefore, there are two critical ways that obesity can be
controlled and this include through lifestyle change or bariatric
surgery (Vartanian and Fardouly, 2014).
2
The picot question
Is bariatric surgery effective in yielding long term success when
compared to lifestyle changes, in the obese population?

5. The research question in this case will follow the etiology
format since we are comparing the effectiveness of these two
obesity control measures.
3
Database selection
Cochrane Database searches for evidence-based topics, has free
website access, and, according to our textbook this database is
comprised of six Cochrane databases, the Cochran’s gold
standard database is the Cochrane Database of Systemic
Reviews better known as the CDSR
I also used Kaplan library, as I find it as a valuable tool with
multiple peer-reviewed articles that are reliable.

6. Conducting this research with a database that is evidence based
is very important because it will provide valid information.
Cochrane Database searches for evidence-based topics, has free
website access, and, according to our textbook this database is
comprised of six Cochrane databases, the Cochran’s gold
standard database is the Cochrane Database of Systemic
Reviews. According to our textbook, systematic reviews are
important to the researcher since it will yield the most
evidence-based practice with minimum potential for bias, it is
also known for having a strong approach to the summary of the
research, there are other types of research methods that can be
used which are: meta-analysis, integrative review, and narrative
review (Melnick & Fineout-Overholt, 2015).
4
Peer reviewed article 1
Chan, R., & Woo, J. (2017). Prevention of Overweight and
Obesity: How Effective is the Current Public Health Approach.
Purpose
The research focused on review of the definition of overweight
and obesity and the health consequences as well as factors
contributing to development of obesity

7. Obesity has been a major thorn in the health sector for a very
long time even though the rate of increases has not been like the
one being witnessed currently. In the last five years, two in ten
children in the developed countries were obese that rate has
highly increased with the current statistics indicating that four
in ten children are obese. This is a very alarming rate hence it
has attracted various stakeholders to consider the issue. The
number of adult obese is also skyrocketing given the fact that
there is a high chance that obese children will be obese adults.
5
Peer reviewed article 1
Methods
the study incorporated systematic review of past studies which
were relevant to the topic considered in order to compare the
varying results developed regarding obesity

8. Peer reviewed article 1
Findings and level of confidence
Proposal and implementation of obesity prevention
methodologies focus on the causative elements resulting in
obesity.
The prevention strategy focuses on lifestyle change barriers
from community, personal, socioeconomic and environmental
levels.
The study has level 1 evidence since the evidence is obtained
from systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
Various treatment mechanisms can be used to treat obese
patients especially when the prevalence in the body is still low.
Treatment of obese individuals can be categorized into two
categories, obesity treatment in adults and children since they
are not subjected to the same type of treatment because of
different body compositions. Any particular therapeutic
interventions in a child with obesity must be able to achieve
control of both the weight gain and reduction in body mass
index. Loss of about 20% of the body weight can lead to a

9. reduction of the various health risks related to obesity
7
Peer reviewed article 2
Mastellos, N., Gunn, L. H., Felix, L. M., Car, J., & Majeed, A.
(2014). Transtheoretical model stages of change for dietary and
physical exercise modification in weight loss management for
overweight and obese adults.
Purpose
The study sought to asses the effectiveness of dietary
intervention or physical activity interventions in producing
sustainable weight loss in obese adults
Bariatric surgery, therefore, has been significantly considered
as a key focus is in controlling obesity. This method has been
significantly engaged because it is highly successful however
the challenge that arises is that it does not focus on preventive
measures but it seeks to engage the already obese which means
that it is difficult to control obesity significantly. A significant

10. focus has been on the change of lifestyle and overall wellbeing
of individuals. This is considered the most important method
that can be considered in creating a healthy society.
8
Peer reviewed article 2
Methods
The study employed a systematic review of past researches
based on randomized control experiments. The study thus
focused on Cochrane library, MEDLINE,EMBASE and
psyclINFO
Peer reviewed article 2
Findings
The findings of the study were able to determine that critical
focus on dietary and physical exercise has a significant impact
in reducing weight among obese and overweight.

11. However, the study was able to determine that most of the
previous studies had limited scope which influenced the
outcome.
The level of evidence in the study was level 2 evidence.
Proposal and implementation of obesity prevention
methodologies focus on the causative elements resulting in
obesity. The prevention strategy focuses on lifestyle change
barriers from community, personal, socioeconomic and
environmental levels. The strategy would involve different
stakeholders, organizations, and different medical institutions.
10
Peer reviewed article 3
Rabkin, S. W., & Campbell, H. (2015). Comparison of reducing
epicardial fat by exercise, diet or bariatric surgery weight loss
strategies: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Purpose
The research focused on determining whether epicardial fat is

12. subject to modification and whether various strategies
accomplish this end point.
Developing preventive measures in handling obesity is a clear,
effective strategy when considering that all stakeholders will be
very much corporative efforts. However, it important to
understand the need or the total cost that is likely to be engaged
in creating a clear plan. The focus has been significantly on the
underlying causes of obesity since it is much easier to deal with
the risk factors rather than obesity-related complications.
11
Peer reviewed article 3
Methods
The study focused on systematic review of literature based on
meta-analysis guidelines
11 articles were identified with 12 different intervention
approaches.

13. Peer reviewed article 3
Findings
The results of the systematic review were able to find that 8 of
the interventions considered had significant reduction of the
epicardial fat.
The diet-based interventions had a significant reduction in
epicardial fat.
The level of evidence in this case is level 1

14. Despite the common knowledge among individuals that fast
foods are largely risk to human health, fast foods eateries and
restaurants have been significantly embraced by vast
population, which makes it a booming business. This shows that
controlling the risk factors to obesity may be a clever idea, but
it is very difficult to implement such consideration, which is
significantly embraced despite, is detrimental nature of human
health. However, it is important to understand these two
techniques the important intervention that creates a significant
environment where the long-term success can be determined
13
Summary
Determining the best intervention where obesity can prevent is
an important thing to help the increasingly high population of
obese people not only in the United States but also across the
globe.
Determining the long-term success is key in choosing between
bariatric surgery and lifestyle changes in dealing with obesity.

15. Considering that obesity is a lifestyle disease the better
engagement must be developed putting into focus this aspect.
Thus the focus is critical in creating a well engaged
environment where obesity can be controlled and prevented. It
is important to understand how effective these tools are and
thus creates a significant environment where it is easier to
create a better plan regarding preventing obesity going forward.
Each technique therefore has its own focus and creates an
effective environment where better and quality analysis can be
achieved regarding its overall applicability.
14
References
Chan, R., & Woo, J. (2017). Prevention of Overweight and
Obesity: How Effective is the Current Public Health Approach.
Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2872299/
Coen, P. M., & Goodpaster, B. H. (2016). A role for exercise
after bariatric surgery? Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism,
18(1), 16-23.
Rabkin, S. W., & Campbell, H. (2015). Comparison of reducing
epicardial fat by exercise, diet or bariatric surgery weight loss
strategies: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Obesity
Reviews, 16(5), 406-415.