How Cows Are Used In Society

How Cows Are Used In Society
Cows are used in society to produce meat and milk for us to eat and drink. There are over 264 million dairy cows worldwide producing nearly 600
million tonnes of milk every year (FAOstat 2012). As a result of high demand for both of these products the cows often experience bad conditions
which cause illness and lameness in many cows.
There are several types of dairy farming like intensive, indoor, outdoor and organic farming which involve different ways of farming cows.
A cow with a healthy life can live for 20 years or more (CIWF 2015). High yielding dairy cows will last for only around quarter of that time as they
are usually killed after three lactations (milking period) which lasts around 6 to 10 months because they are chronically
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Agriculture In Iron County
Agriculture
1.Related Resources
Water rights, irrigation, canals & ditches, noxious weeds, water hydrology and quality, and land use
2.Overview and History
Agriculture and natural resources has provided for community stability and resilience throughout the history of Iron County. Agriculture has been a
mainstay in southern Utah for centuries. Escalante kept detailed journals of his travels in the Southwest and made notes concerning Southern Paiute
horticulture, writing in 1776, that there were "well dug irrigation ditches" being used to water small fields of corn, pumpkins, squash, and sunflowers.
Nearly every traveler who documented his explorations in southern Utah had an account that made reference to fields cultivated by the Southern Paiute
along Ash Creek, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Agriculture continues to be a valuable source of jobs and income locally. In the County, agriculture provides jobs, local tax base, a variety of
environmental benefits, scenic beauty, and food and fiber for human use. According to the USDANational Agricultural Statistics Service, the primary
crops produced in Iron County are alfalfa, wheat, barley, and corn silage. Although agriculture plays a significant role in the economic, environmental,
and cultural well–being of the county, many farms are struggling to keep up with technology and pressures from state and federal regulations.
According to the Utah Agriculture Sustainability Task Force (2012), "The number and size of farms and ranches has dramatically changed in Utah.
From 1900 to 1990, the number of Utah farms decreased. Beginning in 1990 the number of farms began to increase again. The 2015 Utah
Agricultural Statistics report recorded 18,100 farms. The number of farms in Iron County increased from 487 in 2007 to 509 in 2012 according to the
USDA Census of Agriculture. Most of the farms in the county are between 1–179 acres in

Alfalfa Harvesting System Essays
3. Results and discussion
3.1. Analysis of input–output energy use in different alfalfa harvesting systems
Table 3 shows the inputs and output in different alfalfa harvesting systems. The results indicated diesel fuel and human labor for alfalfa silage
production was lower than alfalfa hay production, but the machinery was higher. As it can be seen in table 3 output was determined as 6865.28 Kg
ha–1 for alfalfa silage production which more than alfalfa hay production (5721.07 Kg ha–1). Differences in alfalfa yields were related to different
cutting in different harvesting systems.
Table 4 displays the energy values for inputs and output in different alfalfa harvesting systems. The total energy requirements for producing the alfalfa
hay and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Diesel fuel and machinery management seemed to be the most significant areas for improving energy efficiency.
The consumption of alfalfa hay and alfalfa silage human labor was 0.92% and 0.71%, respectively. Similar results have been reported in the literature
implying that the energy input of human labor has a little share of total energy input in agricultural production [20, 21, 30, 31].
The other inputs applied in the different harvesting systems in the surveyed area are shown in Table 4. The share of each energy input of total input
energy for two yields are shown in Fig. 1.
To evaluate the harvesting systems it is necessary to calculate and compare the energy use efficiency index. Table 5 shows energy indices (energy ratio,
energy productivity, specific energy and net energy) and the distribution of energy inputs according to direct, indirect, renewable, and non–renewable
energy forms.
Energy use efficiency (energy ratio) for alfalfa hay and alfalfa silage were calculated as 4.15 and 5.00, respectively, which showed energy use is
efficient in the research area.
The results indicated that the energy ratio value of alfalfa silage production was higher than alfalfa hay production. As seen Table 5, alfalfa silage
production had better energy indices (energy ratio, energy productivity, specific energy, and net energy). More output energy was the most important
reason for this occurrence. Tsatsarelis and Koundouras [2] calculated the energy

WhatВґs Glycine Peese Affect The Cheese?
The pasture is recommended to be a 40% legume and 60% mixture. This is recommended as the grass provides the sheep with carbohydrates and the
legumes provide the sheep with proteins.
It would be recommended that the legumes be planted separately from the grasses and that the legumes be fenced off from the rest of the paddock as
when ruminant eat too much legumes, gas builds up in there stomach and it causes bloat in the animals this affects how hungry the sheep feel so they
would eat less food for the rest of the day.
There are two legume types that have been suggested; they are called glycine pea (Glycine tabacina) and white clover (Trifolium repens). Glycine pea
has been suggested as it is well suited to sandy soils which means it is well

Listeria Monocytogenes Research Paper
Understanding Listeria Monocytogenes and How It Effects our Community According to Center for Disease Control and Prevention Listeriosis is a
serious infection caused by the germ L.monocytogenes. The disease primarily affects pregnant women, newborns, geriatrics, and people with
compromised immune systems. The onset of symptoms usually occurs after consuming contaminated food. The purpose of this paper is to increase
awareness of the disease and educate the community in prevention to decrease outbreaks.
Define Listeria Monocytogenes
Listeria is a genus of Gram–positive, rod–shaped bacteria, containing a number of species including L. monocytogenes, L. innocua, L. welshimeri, L.
seeligeri, L. ivanovii and L. grayi. Although the first four of these have all been implicated in human infection nearly all cases of Listeria infection are
caused by L.monocytogenes (Foodsafety.org, 2017).
Listeria is the name of a bacteria found in soil and water and some animals, including poultry and cattle. It can be present in raw milk and foods made
from raw milk. It is also found in marine environments and is often associated with fish and seafood products. Animals such as sheep, goats and cattle
are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The onset of symptoms includes fever, nausea and diarrhea. Pregnant women, especially, Hispanic ethnicity are more likely to contract infection.
Pregnant women can pass the infection to their unborn child causing death. Listeria can cause early labor, stillbirth, and miscarriages. According to
Center for Disease Control and Prevention Listeria is the third leading cause of death in geriatric population. The geriatric population usually suffer
from chronic comorbidities and taking several or more medication that weakened the immune system. Other signs and symptoms include general
malaise, stiff neck, confusion, gait abnormality, and seizures. In severe cases, Listeria can cause meningitis and

Vfd Persuasive Essay
"And on the eighth day God looked down on his planned paradise and said 'I need a caretaker', so God made a farmer."(Paul Harvey). Farmers have
been taking care of the land and livestock since mankind can remember. But just like everything else, problems start to evolve, crops getting ate by the
bugs or livestock coming down with illnesses. Well, we've managed to keep some of those things under control, but now we are faced with a new
problem: being able to by drugs to treat our livestock, over the counter are becoming harder and harder to get over the counter, instead farmers
have to have a Veterinary Feed Directive (VFD) to get certain drugs. Plus, to make things harder only a veterinarian can prescribe you with a
VFD. The use of VFDs won't affect the large livestock producers as much as it will the smaller ones due to the fact that most large livestock
productions have their own personal vet and not one that just works for a district. This is why VFDs should not be required when purchasing
drugs and/or medicated feed for livestock because there is an increased risk of infecting an entire herd and there is extensive paperwork. Say you're
out checking calves, you spot a sick one, so you catch it and doctor it. When you get back home you realize that you are almost out of one of your
drugs. So, you call Valley Vet, or your local drug store, and order more... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This can complicate a very busy schedule. Especially now with the electronic VFDs. Some vets might of used the paper VFDs and will be
switching over to the electronic version, which might require the producer to do more paper work. Not only do you have to worry about whether
your VFD is on paper or a computer, but a VFD is only good for 6 months. Now let's say that you raise sheep, cattle, and pigs. You can't use the same
drug and same medicated feed for each speices, so you have to obtain multiple

Agricultural Science Project
Project:
Agricultural Science
Name:
Ciara Murphy
Farm:
Rathconrath Co. Westmeath
Livestock:
Breed of Cow:
On my farm the farmer bred British Friesian Cattle. Friesian cattle are a breed of cattle known today as the world's highest production dairy animal.
Originating in Europe Friesian's were bred it what is now called the Netherlands. The farmer chose British Friesian over any other breed as he finds
they are a more dual–purpose cow. This means the cow produces good milk and also has a good conformation.
Breeding:
On my farm the farmer breeds his British Friesian herd with a stock bull. This is a bull kept on the farm for breeding purpose's to bring the Heifer's
into heat. My farmer's herd was a spring–calving herd which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are many advantages to them for example high yield and good eating quality. The farmer rotates the crop every year as it prevents the build–up of
potato cyst nematode.
Cultivation practises:
Potatoes need deep and well–cultivated soil. Ground left without vegetation on it over the winter months is susceptible to nitrogen leaching. As a
result, ploughing to a depth of 22cm, rotovation and bed formation occur in spring to produce a fine seedbed. Potatoes are then sown 10 cm below the
ridge by hand. I learned from talking to the farmer that the seeds should be spaced 20–25cm apart to help with individual growth of the plant.
Establishment:
On my farm the farmer does a soil test before he sows the potato crop. This is to find out the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) content of the
soil. The farmer then applies a compound fertilizer such as 10–10–20 to their potato crop before planting the seed. This is done by broadcasting the
fertilizer and then incorporating it into the soil in one of the final cultivations.
Weed control:
Once 15 to 20 per cent of the potato plants have emerged after sowing the potato crop is sprayed with an herbicide. The contact herbicide kills all

plants including the potatoes however the potato crops will quickly recover. I was told the residual herbicide prevents any weed seeds germinating.
Weeds were also controlled on my farm by a process called earthing up. This covers the growing

Essay on The Importance of Potassium in Plants
1.Purpose of potassium within the plant
To begin the process, potassium is a vital nutrient to productively grow many plants, although potassium isn't an active ingredient of the chemical
structure it still plays several significantly high roles in the development. There are several roles potassium does such as enzyme activation,
photosynthesis, stomatal activity, transportation of sugars, water and nutrient transportation, starch synthesis, and improving the quality of the desired
crop.
2.How much potassium will be lost at harvest
The amount of potassium lost at harvest will vary from each crop type, moisture available, and plenty other variables assuring minimum losses. With
this being said, these losses are higher with crops such as: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is something everyone has to consider when deciding on fertilizing if potassium is deficient. It is always important to remember the value of
additional production has to pay for the fertilizer and the costs associated with it. This is why as a producer, one must make informed decisions before
spending those input dollars to assure the maximum potential of a crop to essentially get out what one puts in.
6.Potassium Shortage signs
Symptoms of potassium deficiency are signs such as cholris, which is scorching of plant leaves, causing yellowing of the margins of the plants leaves
and this is the first symptoms of potassium deficiency. Slow or stunted growth, for potassium is a very important part of the growth catalyst in plants.
Poor resistance to temperature changes and also to drought, for poor intake will cause less circulation in the plant, this is the reasoning behind the
plant being more susceptible to drought and temperature changes. Defoliation causes plants to lose their leaves sooner than they should and this will
increase if the plant is exposed to drought or high temperatures. This all causes the leaves to turn yellow, then brown and eventually fall off one by one.
Some other symptoms will include poor resistance of pests, weak and unhealthy roots, and uneven ripening of

Legumes Advantages And Disadvantages
USES AND BENEFITS OF LEGUMES IN AGRO–ECOSYSTEM
Legumes:
Forage legumes can be defined as "monocarpellary fruit that contain only a single row of seed and dehisces along both structure and ribs". Legumes
are the member of plant family Fabaceae but in the past legumes belongs to leguminosae. There leaves are trifoliate in nature and have tape root
system. Legumes are grown generally in agriculture for the food grain that are edible in nature like pulses, beans, pea, lentil, soya bean about 500
genera and 1100 species 'of legumes are known. Legumes associated with nitrogen fixing bacteria that have ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen. This
nitrogen makes the plant seed full of protein and carbohydrates which are rich component ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Legumes have rich source of fiber that increase the energy of the animal. Fiber also help animal in up taking of forage in digestibility. Protein content
in them is too high due to N–fixation which helps animal to provide high ratio of protein in their nutrition. Legumes are also source of other minerals
like Ca, Mg, Zn, Co, Cu. According to survey of scientist (Wilman, Mtengeti and Moseley) that feeding values of legumes and grasses are different due
to the cell structure and anatomy of the plants.
Energy feedstock: Legumes are also the source of electrical energy generation. For example alfalfa production used in the feeding of ruminant and
electricity generation as the leaves are used for grazing purpose and stem of the plant are used. Therefore legumes are used for many purposes in the
agro–ecosystem.
Soil and Water conservation: When we planted legumes than the soil erosion and water logging conditions will be less as compared to other crops. It
is due to precipitation and runoff water level. Soil organic matter concentration increases in this way. It is the main benefit oflegume to use as cover
crop that reduces soil erosion and water level increases mineral content in the soil. Water up taking level of the plant also increases that helps in soil
water holding capacity of

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Tillage Farming In...
In Ireland many crops are grown. Most of them are meant to be for family or animal consumption. Over 300,00 hectares of the best land in Ireland
is engaged in tillage farming. Cereal crops are the main output led by barley, wheat, and oats. They also produce oilseed rape, maize, sugar beets,
beans, peas, and potatoes. Between 2000 and 2010 Ireland recorded the highest wheat and Barley yields in the world according to John Spink.
Principal crops in 1999 included barley at 1,278,00 tons, sugar beets at 1,712,000 tons, potatoes at 559,000 tons, wheat at 597,000 tons, and oats at
136,000 tons.Farms that grow cereal crops are called tillage farms. The number of individual farmers growing cereal crops is highest in Cork County.
There are other farms too like fish farms, poultry farms, mushroom, deer, and christmas tree farms in Ireland. There is also a method called arable
farming. Which seeds that are grown and harvested each year are called arable crops. Another method is intensive farming. Intensive farming
methods mean a lot of food can be grown on the same amount of land. Most farms in Ireland are mixed farms. Mixed farms are where the farmers
grow crops and raise animals. Maize in Ireland is mainly grown as a forage crop that is harvested and ensiled for winter for feeding the livestock on
the farm. Some farmers use silage that was harvested and put on the ground to get silage bales. About 3,326,000 acres of the total area was devoted to
growing crops in 1998.

Listeria monocytogenes Essay
Listeria monocytogenes
Introduction
Listeria monocytogenes, a motile, gram–positive rod, is an opportunistic food–borne pathogen capable of causing listeriosis in humans. Listeriosis
includes manifestations of septicemia, meningitis, pneumonia, and encephalitis. L. monocytogenes is also implicated in miscarriages, stillbirth, and
premature birth for pregnant women. L. monocytogenes is a tough bacterium resistant to freezing, drying, and heat; most strains have been shown to be
pathogenic. It is hypothesized that 1–10% of humans are intestinal carriers of L. monocytogenes. Over 37 mammalian species, including wild and
domestic animals, are capable of L. monocytogenes infection and transmission. Extensive environmental reservoirs for L. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Pathogenic L. monocytogenes go through an intracellular life cycle involving early escape from the phagocytic vacuole, rapid intracytoplasmic
multiplication, bacterially induced actin–based motility, and direct spread to neighboring cells, in which they reinitiate the cycle. The bacterium is first
phagocytosed by these cells and secretes a pore–forming toxin called listeriolysin, which allows the bacterium to escape from the phagosome. All
virulent strains of L. monocytogenes synthesize and secrete listeriolysin. Phospholipase A and B are other virulence factors that facilitate escape of L.
monocytogenes from the phagosome. Once out of the phagosome L. monocytogenes is capable of rapid division in the cytoplasm, evading the
immune response and moving throughout the cytoplasm from cell to cell. L. monocytogenes is well known for its ability to propel itself like a rocket
through the cell cytoplasm. This is the result of the bacterium's ability to polymerize actin filaments at its tail end. Actin is arranged in subunits to form
microfilaments that are capable of directing cell movement. L. monocytogenes accomplishes cell motility through a virulence factor called ActA that
takes advantage of normal actin polymerization going on in the cell. The ActA protein shares sequence homology with a protein called WASP that is
found in virtually all eukaryotic cells. WASP is responsible for recognizing and

John Camus Farm
There has been a lot of discussion among each committee about the initial state of the farm. After listening to each group, I have learned various
amount of different things that are going on right now and what the plans are for the future. I have been excited about what I learned from each
committee and can't wait for the future. In the following I will state the main points that I learned from each committee and what each committee
wants to do in the future. First the swine and customs committee has been involved with finishing pigs for the entire 74 years. The farm farrowed hogs
until 2006 and currently raise pigs for Cactus Farms after they bought Swine Graphics. The big finisher currently holds 1200 head of hogs. Some
short–term... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Two main goals are to reside Greg's house and to look at upgrading energy on the farm. They want to look at solar panels to help improve efficiency
since the farm uses a lot of energy for the hog buildings and drying corn in the fall. The last goal they have is to make the shop more presentable.
They want to be easy for someone to go in and to find whatever they are looking for in a timely manner. Fifthly, the finance crew has some specific
goals from the presentation. The farm currently has $29,000 in checking account. Some possible renovations include repairing the G barn. The farm
currently owes money on planter, skid loader, combine, corn dyer and ripper. Some long term goals include improving financial standing, expanding
swine finishing operation and to expand grain storage system. Finally, the public relations committee which I am a part of. The public relations
committee main focus is to help with the planning of the 75th anniversary at the farm. This is a timely process in their eyes and we as a class need to
finalize the location where we want to have the celebration at. The two main places are either at the farm or possibly at the Hansen Student AG center.
Some short term goals of the public relations committee are to come up with a t–shirt design to present to the class. Some long–term goals are to have
a plan in place to present the idea of possibly getting donors for the new shop on the farm. The public relations committee believe the class

Sorghum Research Paper
Forages in Australia are mainly kept in the country for use in feeding livestock. Excess forages are cut to be baled for hay or they are ensiled, which
means to be cut and stored in a silo or similar type facility to be preserved as silage. Another newer and more popular use of forages are as cover crops
in between growing seasons. This is a good way to improve soil health and it also creates another grazing area for livestock.
There are three main types of forages in Australia: sorghum, millet, and cover crops.
The first mentioned, sorghum, is the best known of the three. Although sorghum can be harvested as grain, it is also used as a forage crop.
Sorghum has a very high production potential which makes it a great feed source for livestock. There are two main hybrids of sorghum that are
grown in Australia, and they are: sudan x sorghum where the bulk of this feed is available in the summer and autumn and sweet sorghum where the
bulk of feed is available in autumn. Although sorghum is a great feed source, it does have a fault. The sorghum plants produce a toxic prussic acid
when they are young and if the plants are grazed by livestock during this period, it could be fatal to the livestock.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Temperate millet has an advantage because it is the first forage available for grazing in the spring. But, it only produces well in temperate–like
climates near the coast. Temperate millet also needs to be grazed regularly to maintain the feed quality. It is planted starting in August. Hybrid millet
is desired by farmers in dryer growing conditions. The feed from the hybrid millet crop is mostly available in the later summer and into autumn.
Although it can be a good feed source, it is unpalatable to livestock. Hybrid millet is planted in

Chilean Water Sanitation
Water supply and sanitation in Chile has high levels of access and good service quality. Compared to most other countries. Chile's water and
sanitation sector distinguishes itself by the fact that almost all urban water companies are privately owned or operated. The sector also prides itself
of having a modern and effective regulatory framework, including an innovative subsidy to water demand by the poor. One weakness of the sector is
the relatively high water losses. Chilean urban areas with improved water coverage stood at 96% and coverage of improved sanitation was also 96%.
It is one of the highest levels in Latin America. The Chilean water supply and sanitation sector today is characterized by one of the best coverage and
quality levels ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Along parts of the Central and Southern coast of continental Chile. Soils derived from metamorphic and other rocks are very common, and are
intermixed with those derived from volcanic ashes. The soils of the Patagonian region have been the subject of limited studies and reflect an extremely
complex geography and geomorphology. In general they have developed under the influence of glaciers, and given the low year–round temperatures,
their development has been scant. Glacier materials have given rise to soils that rest on old Tertiary sands and clays. Their depth is variable but
generally they are shallow, tend to accumulate organic matter of low activity and, possibly as consequence of the low predominant temperatures,
mineralisation is very low resulting in marked N deficiencies. Production systems that include and/or are based on ruminants occupy nearly 40% of the
Chile

Avian Aspergillosis
Avian Aspergillosis
The subfamily Aspergillus has a wide range of fungi which can cause Avian Aspergillosis. Aspergillus Fumigatus is the most commonly diagnosed
species of the fungus, others include flavus and niger. Aspergillus Fumigatus tends to thrive in moist and warm environments. Endotoxins are released
through the dispersal of microscopic spores, which usually become airborne. This enables the disease to travel from one location to another and then
proceed to grow, which creates areas that are more highly populated compared to others. In small minorities the fungus is less likely to have adverse
consequences. Some factors concerning the environment that can increase the chances of a bird inhaling spores are poor ventilation and sanitation, ...
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Acute Avian Aspergillus can create a loss of appetite and can cause severe difficulty when breathing. This can be seen by the bird showing signs of
accelerated breathing, gasping and voice changes. An infected bird might also have abnormal excretion, a strong thirst with excessive urination or
show signs of emaciation and central nervous system damage. This severe damage will be evident in an obvious lack of muscular coordination and
mobility; the bird might also hold its head at an unnatural angles. Central nervous system damage will only occur if the fungal infection reaches the
brain. The most common signs of Avian Aspergillosis are drooped wings and rapid opening and closing of the bird's bill. The fungus usually affects
the respiratory region including the trachea, lungs and syrinx; the infection can however spread to the kidneys, brain, skin, and muscles. Since
Aspergillus can be fatal, a lot of birds are diagnosed post–mortem. The signs from an autopsy can include brain tissue death or meningoencephalitis;
white nodules can also be evident. These small growths are evidently what cause erosion through the tissue, enabling a vast amount of conidia to enter
the

Cronobacter Spp: Environmental Study
Cronobacter spp. are prevalent organisms that have been secluded from a variety of sources. Different cereals, herbs, spices, and ready–to–eat
products, as salads, confectionery, cheese products, meat, and vegetables have often been in minimal contact with the organism (Iversen and Forsythe
2004; Friedemann 2007; Baumgartner et al. 2009). A number of such products conform to the natural plant habitat for Cronobacter spp. considering
the raw materials a source for such organism's contamination. With respect to the environment, this organism had been also separated from freshwater,
knowing that the isolate is the species type strain of C. universalis, which was also named as C. genomospecies 1) NCTC 9529 (Iversen et al. 2007).
In Barcelona, Spain,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2009). Breast milk is often replaced by powdered infant formula products. And as one of such products, PIF was discovered to be non–sterile, and
therefore, it frequently became a source for members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, especially Cronobacter. As a result of such discovery and
relative to conducted surveys, this organism had been isolated from PIF products world–wide (Muytjens et al. 1988; Nazarowec–White and Farber
1997; Iversen and Forsythe 2004). A particular survey by Muytjens et al. (1988) explained that organism, E. sakazakii, had been discovered to being
the third most frequent Enterobacteriaceae (after E. agglomerans and E. cloacae). Using a maximum concentration of 1 CFU/g in any of the samples
studied, the organism had been isolated from 20 of 141 infant formula samples, which were also tested world–wide. Nazarowec–White and Farber
(1997) discovered Cronobacter spp. in 6.7% of 120 Canadian infant formula brands that they

Audi King Trailers
One day not too long ago, Audi King was on a business trip in northern Wisconsin. Audi is a curious and adventurous man full of vigor for the
unexpected. While in Wisconsin he made a stop at a local farm to sell the farmer his company's product, Agra King, a silage preservative. While
driving to the farm he noticed several old tractor trailers that looked abandoned, scattered across a vast field.
Before leaving the farm, he asked the farmer what the trailers were used for. The farmer told him that the trailers belonged to a hippy who made
fireworks. They were scattered across the field because if one caught fire they wouldn't all blow up. Audi thought that it would be nice to have some
fireworks, since fireworks of this size were illegal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After a few seconds the first fuse lit. Just before the package lit he glanced up at the work bench and saw the mass chaos that was unfolding before
him. Without thinking Audi dropped the grinder and quickly ducked behind his lawn tractor. That was when it happened. Like a bomb, a nuke, a
grenade the exposition rocked the entire garage, causing the grinder, once laying on the workbench, to catapult through the air towards the door, and
towards Audi. He caught the airborne tool with such force it threw him to the ground. Just when he thought that was it, the second package went off,
filling the garage with a loud rumbling, and a light brighter than the sun. This explosion blew out the windows. This chain of events continued with
a third and final explosion Causing his ear drums to pop, and his lungs to fill with the aroma of freshly lit gunpowder, Audi was left gasping for air.
After this series of events took place he stood up, scratched his head, and started laughing. At that moment his wife Judy came bursting through the
door, looking like she had just seen a ghost. Audi quickly told her that he was alright and that he wouldn't be buying anymore fireworks. He quickly
cleaned up the mess that his mistake had created. Then he finished his job of sharpening the blades and mowing the yard. Life for Audi has been
ordinary ever

The Use Of Nitrooxy
Although promising results have been demonstrated in vitro, the use of most indirect and direct chemical inhibitors have been proven to be less
effective in vivo due to persistency of inhibition effects, toxicity to the host animal, and negative side effects on milk production (Liu et al., 2011;
Knapp et al., 2014). Nitrooxy organic molecules include 3–nitrooxypropanol, 5–NiВtrooxy–pentanenitrile, 5–nitrooxy–pentane, 3–nitrooxy–propyl
propionate, 1,3–bis–nitrooxypropane, 1,4–bis–nitrooxybutane, 1, 5–bis–nitrooxypentane, 3–nitrooxy–propy–1–benzoate,
3–nitrooxy–propyl–hexanoate, 3–nitrooxy–propyl 5–nitrooxy–hexanoate, isosorbid–dinitrate, and N–[2–(nitrooxy) ethyl]–3–pyridinecarboxamide, and
bis–(2–nitrooxyethyl) ether (Duval and Kindermann,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When NOP was supplemented at 8 and 16 mg of NOP/ g of DM in vitro on an alfalfa hay and oat (60:40) diet using sheep rumen fluid in a batch
culture, there was no effect on total gas production or total VFA concentration; however, there was an 86 and 95% reduction in CH4 and a decrease in
the acetate: propionate ratio (MartГnez–FernГЎndez et al., 2014). Similar results were observed by Romero–Perez et al. (2015a) in vitro on a 60%
barley silage, 35% barley grain, and 5% supplement diet using beef cattle rumen fluid in which there was no effect of the inclusion of NOP
(supplemented at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg of NOP/ g of DM) on total gas production, but there was a 76, 85, and 86% reduction in CH4 emissions,
respectively. This study also observed an increase in H2 production of 159, 205, and 218% with increasing inclusion rates of NOP. However, although
total VFA concentration was not affected, there was a reduction in the molar proportion of acetate with the highest NOP inclusion (2 mg of NOP/ g of
DM) with no effect on

Sugar Beets And Its Effects On The United States
Sugar beets are grown throughout the world. Mostly where there are cooler temperatures and climates. Sugar beets are grown in countries like
China, United States, Russia, and Japan. Russia is the leading producer of sugar beets with the United States trailing in third. Some of the states in
the United States that grow sugar beets are Nebraska, California, Colorado, Minnesota, and Wyoming. Some small farmers have figured out that you
can also grow sugar beets in some warmer climates as well. Farmers have also figured out that sugar beets attract a lot of deer and now they are
looking at feeding sugar beets to livestock. Some sheep and cattle ranchers graze their sheep and cattle on their sugar beet crop. The cattle will eat the
leafy tops of the beets. But sometimes the cattle will eat some of the smaller sugar beets and choke on them. The sugar beet tops can also be used
as silage because it is an excellent source of protein. Sugar beets are most commonly known as a commercial crop grown for sucrose production.
Sugar beets and sugar cane are two of the leading factors for sugar in the United States. Sugar beets accounts for just over half of the sugar
production. Sugar beets in the United States are usually planted anywhere between April 20th to May 10th. It is said that if you wait till after May
10th, then your yields might fall. It takes about 90 to 95 days for sugar beets to reach maturity. The ideal daytime temperatures are between 80 to 60
degrees and the ideal

College Application Essay
Throughout my life I have always enjoyed outdoor activities. It has been difficult for me to decide which career path to follow however the two areas
which I find most rewarding, although very different, are sports coaching and agriculture.
I have always enjoyed Physical Education and would like to pursue a career in sports coaching. I have a keen interest and feel passionately when it
comes to practical and theoretical work concerning Physical Education. I am very aware of the importance of exercise and the related issues of diet and
fitness on a person's wellbeing.
I am currently studying Higher Physical Education and Higher Sport and Recreation. These subjects appealed to me because of the topics they cover.
The aspects of Sport and Recreation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
My voluntary work through Sport and Recreation has included helping to organise indoor and outdoor sports competitions, taking P.E lessons for
cluster primary schools, and assisting with youth rugby sessions at Ayr Rugby Football Club. I have also achieved a 'First Aid' qualification which
has enabled me to acquire the knowledge when dealing with dangerous or life threatening injuries. I am now fully qualified to work with children of
all ages and abilities participating in sporting activities and have a current PVG. I am an active person with a wide variety of interest outside school.
I have a keen interest in sports and have represented my school and club rugby teams. Other sporting interests include playing Badminton, Volleyball,
Football, Basketball, and Swimming. I enjoy going to the gym, and like to travel around the U.K during my holidays.
During the past three years I have completed my Bronze and Silver Duke of Edinburgh Awards. I will complete my Gold in February 2018. I
particularly enjoyed the expeditions during the awards including the sailing for my Gold award. These awards gave me the opportunity to develop my
leadership skills through assisting with the organisation of residential outdoor activities for Primary 7

Grey Wolf Creative Writing
Sight, touch, taste, smell, hear, feel "Okay Kayla, Jennifer, and RaeLee, you guys count and we will all go hide, the save zone is the trampoline,"
says Kendra, always taking charge. It was the Fourth of July, a hot summer night, and we were playing grey wolf with all of our friends. We had
already done fireworks, and it was now around midnight, the only thing illuminating the darkness, was the light from the light poles. "Are there
going to be any boundaries?" Torin asks. "No, it is all free game this time," Kendra replies. Now we live on a farm, where there is dark groves, with
long never ending vines and branches. You don't know what animals you might run into. We got paired into groups, there were about 10 of us there. I
was with Jordyn,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"We saw it moving, Kendra and Shaelee weren't making it up." Dom backs him up. Freaking out we all go inside to tell my parents what
happened. "Okay, okay, one at a time," my mom says. Kendra tells her what happened and the sound the animal made. My mom looked up the
sound and concluded that it was a mountain lion. By then we were all freaking out not wanting to go back outside. We all ended up taking vehicles
out to the grove to see if we could find it. We all swear we saw snippets of it moving, but nothing much. The mountain lion stayed around for a while
after that night. It didn't hurt any of our animals and kept to itself. My dad saw it one last time a few months after that night. One of the cows had its
head stuck in the headlocks. He got the cow unstuck, went back to his truck, that's when he saw it. That's when he saw it, the mountain lion was
sitting on the hay bales barely 100 feet away just watching him the whole time. Even though it was scary knowing we had a mountain lion on the
farm, we learned to live with it and ignore it most of the time. We even ended up naming him Carl the Cougar, until we stopped seeing him around the

An Informative Essay On Wild Turkeys
The wild turkey is an animal most people have heard of because of hunting reasons, but do you know the basic facts? The wild turkey species has 6
subspecies; these include the eastern wild turkey, Osceola (Florida) wild turkey, Rio Grande wild turkey, Merriam's wild turkey, Gould's wild turkey,
and Ocellated wild turkey. These turkeys are different in color but are mostly the same because they are the same species of animal. The wild turkey
is dark in color, either brown, black, or a similar color. Their wings are dark and are boldly barred with white. The rump and tail of the animal are
tipped with a rustic color or white. The final part of the animal, the bare skin of the head and neck, are varieties of red, blue, or gray. Both male and
female measurements for the wild turkey species are the same. The length is 43.3–45.3 inches. The wingspan is 49.2–56.7 inches. The weight is
88.2–381 ounces. These birds are very large, round animals with long legs and wide rounded tails, and a small head on a long, slim neck. The wild
turkey has a habitat that consist of open woodland and open forests. They use many types of trees as part of their ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The main food source for this animal is plants, including in the ground, shrubs, and low trees for fruit. In the fall, winter, and early spring, they enjoy
eating acorns from the ground, beach nuts, pecans, hickory nuts, wild black cherries, and white ash seeds. There are many more varieties of nuts and
seeds that they enjoy eating. In deep snow of the winter and when nuts and seeds cannot be found, wild turkeys eat hemlock buds, evergreen ferns,
spore covered fronds of sensitive ferns, club mosses, and burdock. During the spring months, they eat plant bulbs. In the late spring and summer, their
diet consists of seeds from grasses, salamanders, snails, ground beetles, and more insects. They also eat swallow grit to help with the variety of

Liabilities of Owning a Farm
Thinking of owning a farm? Farming is great for some people but it's not for all. A farm has many assets and liabilities when it comes to finances.
One of the assets of owning a farm is seeing the plants grow and making a profit off of those plants. The liabilities of a farm are the purchase of seed,
cost of employees, and the cost incurred for plant care. A farm can be very expensive but it can also be very profitable.
A liability of owning a crop farm is the expense of corn seed. Seed prices can vary depending on the crop that meets the farmer's needs. Corn has
many different types of plant species, from comestible corn to the non–comestible corn. Field corn is a non–comestible corn that is ground into corn
silage. Corn silage is used by farmers to feed their livestock but they can't solely feed their livestock corn silage, livestock needs a diet of other foods
with the corn silage. It takes 30 pounds of corn seed to cover an acre of a field. Comestible corn seed costs about $485.00 for a 56 pound bag.
(Seedland)
Now corn is more costs a little more than alfalfa but a farmer can't just feed their livestock corn silage. Most dairy farmer feed their cows a diet of a
small percent of silage and then a larger percent of alfalfa hay. Alfalfa hay is used for many things such as for feeding livestock. Most alfalfa seed costs
$349.00 for a 50 pound bag. (Seedland) To cover an acre of land it takes 20 pounds of seed. The reason why is because 60% of the alfalfa seed never

Clostridia Essay
The fermentation that occurs during the making of good silage focuses on the conversion of carbohydrates from the plants anaerobically converted
into lactic acid. This is an incredibly simple process brought on by the homolactic Lactobacillus bacteria as the carbohydrates such as glucose as
converted into 2 molecules of pyruvate by glycolysis, which is then converted into 2 molecules of lactic acid; creating ATP and involving both the
reduction of NAD+ for use in glycolysis, but then also the oxidation of NADH to regenerate more NAD+ (Morton J S, 1980). However, secondary
fermentation can be taken by the Clostridia bacteria if the pH does not increase fast enough, which convert the produced lactic acid into butyric acid,
increasing the pH but... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The two loosely packed silage's also indicated an increased production of Clostridia behaviour as the pH was slightly higher from the conversion of
lactate to butyrate, caused specifically by Saccharolytic Clostridia (Muck R E 1988), and the high levels of Ammonia Nitrogen due to the Clostridia
consuming the amino acids and proteins and producing ammonia as the waste product. This data suggests that this kikuyu grass barely entered the
primary fermentation stage properly due to the incredibly loose packing of the grass, therefore having a large surface area, and having a constant
supply of oxygen. As seen in figure 10., the Crude Protein (CP) percentage in the silage of the immature and mature loosely packed kikuyu is also the
most varied from the grass CP (0.7% difference for the immature, 0.2% for the mature), further indicating the Clostridia growth as the Proteolytic
Clostridia (Muck R E 1988) consumed the protein and converted it to ammonia during the fermentation, and therefore there is less protein available
for the ruminants to digest and absorb (Rasby R, Martin J, n.d). Although the two loosely packed silage's had a low butyric acid percentage, the other
factors indicated that this was the poorest silage when applying it to real scenarios; the high ammonia and poor nutritional value makes this silage
disastrous to feed to

The National Farm Animal Care Council: The Five Freedoms...
The National Farm Animal Care Council has a code of practice for the care and handling of equine that was published in 2013. This code covers all
breeds/types of horses, donkeys, ponies, and mules. The code focuses on proper care of equine, and offers recommendations, or minimum requirements
for maintaining the welfare for all equine in all different situations. Animal welfare is categorized into five freedoms that animals have. True West
Paints maintains all five freedoms for their horses, these freedoms include: being free from hunger and thirst, distress/fear, pain/disease, discomfort,
and have the ability to express normal behaviour.
A major freedom for animals is to be free from hunger, or thirst and to maintain health, and vigor from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At True West these freedoms are obtained in their practice through many methods expressed in the equine code of practice published by the NFACC.
Our responsibility as owners of equine is to ensure proper care, and also recognize that proper care leads to enhanced productivity and better health of
our animals (2). All minimum requirements for care of equines are stated in the code of practice to maintain welfare in all the stages of an equine's

The Omnivore's Dilemma Summary
The author of The Omnivore's Dilemma, Michael Pollan stated, some possible ingredients in cattle feed from a CAFO were "Chicken manure, cattle
manure, chocolate, stale pastry, cement dust, molasses, candy, urea, hooves, feathers, meat scraps, fish meal, pasta, peanut skins, brewery wastes,
cardboard, corn silage, and pesticides" (49). These ingredients could have terrible effects on cattle raised in CAFOs or concentrated animal feeding
operations and the people who eat them. The CAFOs, or feedlots, are giant places where thousands of cattle are confined to be fattened up for
slaughter. In addition he stated "there is another cost to raising cattle in CAFOs... these animals have evolved to eat grass. But in a CAFO they are
forced to eat corn–at... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
coli people should not eat CAFO beef. E. coli is very dangerous if people get it; it is not worth the risk to eat CAFO beef. For example, "U.S.
researchers have found that high–grain diets make E. coli more virulent" (Smith). Considering that a cow's diet in a CAFO is loaded with extra grain
E. coli will definitely be at a higher risk. Nancy Smith said, "When cattle are fattened on grain, their digestive tracts become unusually acidic and
kill off most of the E. coli. The bacteria that survive are those that have adapted themselves to an acidic environment" (Smith). When Americans
eat this beef people will get the resilient bacteria and become very sick or worse. A writer for the Chicago Tribune, Stephen Hedges, said, "Tyson tests
all raw beef components we know are destined for ground beef production," Mickelson said, adding that the program provides a 95 percent or greater
assurance of finding E. coli" (Hedges). Mickelson, a spokesman for Tyson, said that Tyson has very effective tests for catching E. coli, however the five
percent that is not detected could cause harm. However, "E. coli from feedlot beef can be deadly" (Smith). If people eat CAFO beef they could get
really sick or die. Obviously, E. coli poses a giant threat to people who eat CAFO beef so people should not eat this feedlot product to keep themselves

Berkshire Vale Case Study Essay
Throughout the last couple months, spending large amounts of time with your household on Meadow Vale, I have selected specific issues that
should be addressed about your property and my corresponding recommendations. I have carefully developed these recommendations, in order for
your property to flourish in the upcoming years and to overall improve current procedures being undertaken at Meadow vale. 1.Managing the
Property, Paddocks and Pasture In order to have a successful, profitable farm the paddocks have to be in ideal conditions, whereas Meadow Vale
paddocks are in dire conditions. In order to maintain and support correct growth and supply abundant food for the cattle this issue must be addressed.
A large contributing factor to this problem is the current soil quality of the paddocks. High quality pastures need essential minerals in order to obtain
optimum quality pastures and metabolisable protein intake. Meadow vale soil tests have indicated that they are very deficient in Phosphorous and
Sulfur, but this can very easily be fixed with a superphosphate fertilizer. In order to increase the Olsen P value of 10–12ppm to the target range
18–20pmm and the current sulfur 5–6ppm to the most favorable value of 15ppm, regular soil tests must be... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In autumn, common pastures species such as ryegrass and white clover are a good option for over sowing winter pastures in order to keep steady
ground cover when paspalum summer grass stops growing heading back into autumn. In order to main consistent ground pasture in the more delicate
months, nitrogen fertilizer is a suitable option to assist the success of pasture. Additionally, pasture species are required to undertake rotational grazing
(normal rotations through winter through to summer) to apply adequate and effective watering to the

Mentally Effective Ndf ( Pendf ) And Rumen Degraded Starch...
Physically effective NDF (peNDF) and rumen degraded starch (RDS) have a balancing relationship. Physically effective NDF is important in the
ruminant diet for many reasons. As mentioned in the article by Plaizier et al., peNDF is how we quantify the amount of coarse fiber in the diet.
The amount of coarse fiber in the diet has been shown to correlate with the amount of time the cow spends chewing. When considering the
occurrence of SARA as discussed in this article, chewing, and the associated production and accumulation in the rumen of bicarbonate, is one of the
important factors in maintaining an adequate rumen pH. RDS is important to the rumen diet but must be closely considered and monitored. RDS
comes primarily from the grain portion of a ruminant diet, and, in modern times, this portion has become larger and larger as diets have changed.
If RDS is too high, it can contribute to reductions in rumen pH and increased risk for acidosis, especially if large amounts of grain are consumed at
once, flooding the rumen with large amounts of RDS. To prevent rumen acidosis and its subsequent symptoms, diets must have a balance of peNDF
and RDS. The peNDF is most often determined by the length of the forage in the diet, and the Penn State Particle Separator is the most used method
for determining the overall peNDF of the diet. The size of forage particles when chopping silage is a balancing act of how finely to chop for storage
reasons versus the importance of longer

Chemistry Of Coffee
Coffee husk and coffee pulp are coffee processing by–products. Coffee husk is obtained when harvested coffee is processed by the dry method, and
coffee pulp is produced by the wet method. Coffee is usually processed by the dry method; therefore an expressive amount of husk is obtained every
year. Some of the husk is used as organic fertilizer but, other applications are very limited, mainly because it is a bulky product. The presence of
tannins and caffeine diminish acceptability and palatability of husk by animals.
Caffeine (1,3,7–trimethylxanthine), a purine alkaloids naturally occurring in more than 60 plant species, finds greater commercial importance for its
wide application in popular beverages like coffee, tea and various soft drinks. Caffeine is also one of the major agro–industrial wastes generated from
the coffee and tea processing plants. Therefore, decaffeination of waste is very necessary from the point of view of environmental conservation.
Coffee pulp waste is generated in large quantities during wet method of coffee cherry processing. Most of the coffee pulp remains underutilized in
many countries and a need exists for its treatment by appropriate biological waste treatment processes to overcome severe environmental pollution. In
humans and other animals, caffeine is first degraded to either paraxanthine (1,7–dimethylxanthine), theobromine or theophylline. The demethylation
process is carried out by cytochrome P450. After a short period of caffeine ingestion,

Types Of Plant Material The Ruminant Ingests
Ruminants are a group of mammalian herbivores – including cows, goats, and deer – that ferment their nutrients in a specialized stomach prior to
digestion. This organ is called a rumen, and is host to millions of bacteria, protists, and fungi. A calf is born with a sterile rumen and microbial
populations are introduced in the days following birth through exposure to the environment, consuming forage, and interactions with its mother. A
typical rumen population is established around 2 weeks after the calf begins to intake dry matter and forage. Each of these organisms found in the
rumen play a role in breaking down the various types of plant material the ruminant ingests. The rumen maintains a neutral pH so the microbes it
contains can thrive and effectively break down anything the animal eats. These microbial populations exhibit a type of community succession based
on seasonality and availability of different food sources; various microbes thrive when certain types of foods are being consumed and that same type
of food can cause other microbe populations to die off. Deer for example, rely on woody food in the winter, greenery in the spring, and acorns in the
fall. The rumen adjusts the bacterial populations to those suited to best digest whatever type of material is being consumed. Many of microbes in the
rumen are digested and passed on to the next part of the digestive tract with the cow's food. The microbes maintain their populations in the rumen by
having a

Kansas Water Conservation
Water is a resource that has always been available to us, and I feel as a society we have taken it for granted for many generations. While I was
doing the research for this water conservation essay, it opened my eyes to the importance of my generation to preserve the remaining aquifer.
Although I don't reside in Southwest Kansas, I have very strong ties to this area of Kansas where the family farm is located. The impact of not
preserving water will not only affect our family farm in Grant and Stevens county, but also the cattle that graze on the grass in the pasture. Along with
our pasture, we have farm ground that is irrigated to raise silage, corn, and wheat; which is sold to feed yards in the area for cattle. Without water, the
impact... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Take shorter showers, turn off the water when we brush our teeth and just be more conscious of water usage in order to not be wasteful. When it
comes to future farmers, they can pay close attention to water per acre feet regulations and follow them closely. Another way to extend water when it
comes to agriculture is to use less water intensive crops. Examples are grain sorghum, cotton and sunflowers. Repairing leaks in irrigation and utilizing
new and improved ways to irritate are other possible solutions. One new way to irrigate is the PMDI (Precision Mobile Drip irrigation technology
system called (Dragon–Line). This new system is predicting a potential for 20–50% water savings compared to conventional irrigation. I believe that
for my generation to help with water conservation, we need to be diligent about educating everyone in the past, present and future about the importance
of not taking this precious natural resource for

Ruminant Nutrition
Supplementation of folic acid in ruminant Consequently, the role of FA in ruminant nutrition has largely been ignored. As folate plays crucial role in
DNA synthesis and methionine cycle, its requirement increases during gestation and lactation. Recent evidences however, suggest that microbial
synthesis may not be adequate to meet the high demand of FA during gestation and lactation (Ragaller et al., 2008). It is now quantitatively known
that microbial synthesis of FA ranged from 16.5 to 21 mg/d in a high yielding cow weighing 650 kg and producing 35 kg of milk per day, whereas,
the estimated requirement was 35 mg/cow (Scwab et al., 2006; Santschi et al., 2005). There are some studies which indicates that supplementation of
FA increased the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This might be due to increased rumen activity due to increased supply of degradable carbohydrates. However, other studies (Santschi et al., 2005)
did not observe any difference in rumen folate concentration in cows fed either 37 or 70% forages. Lower concentration of rumen folate in cows on
high forage diet was attributed to the fact that most fibrolytic bacteria take up folate. A recent study shows evidences that fibrolytic bacteria need FA
acid for growth and multiplication (Wang et al., 2016). Similarly, Heyes et al. (1966) and Girard et al. (1994) reported decreased rumen concentration
of folate in cattle fed high forage diets. It is already demonstrated that Ruminococcus flavifaciens require folic acid, tetra–hydro folate or para–amino
benzoic acid for growth and multiplication (Ayers, 1958; Slyter and Weaver, 1977; Scott and Dehority, 1965; Bryant and Robinson, 1961). Two
strains of Rminococcus albus also required FA (Bryant and Robinson, 1961). Supplementation of rumen protected folic acid (RPFA) at 0. 0.6, 1.2 and
1.8 g/d to steers provided 0, 18.2, 36.4 and 54.6 mg/d of folic acid to rumen microorganisms, respectively. The influence of supplementation of RPFA on
rumen fermentation was mostly quadratic (Wang et al., 2016). Secretion of cellulytic enzymes depend on the growth and multiplication of cellulytic

Rocky Mountain Flor Case Study
Ronnie Estes
Rocky Mountain Flora
April 17, 2015
Timothy
Family/Description
Timothy, Phleum pratense, is in the family Poaceae, the grass family. This grass is a cool–season perennial plant that grows in bunches or clumps. It
has a shallow and fibrous root system. Leaves vary in length from a few inches to a foot and are about 1/4 inch wide and narrowing toward the tip.
Heads are a dense cylindrical spike–like panicle. Seeds are very small, numerous and usually enclosed in glumes. Timothy is different from most other
grasses in that 1 or occasionally 2 of the basal internodes of the stem swell into a bulb–like growth and serve as a storage stem. This characteristic is
used for identification of the plant during its early growth stages. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is used in cool humid, temperate, high rainfall regions for grazing, primarily by cattle. Timothy is often seeded in mixtures with legumes such as
alfalfa or clover for better performance, as it is the grass least competitive with legumes, but it is also grown alone to make premium hay, particularly
for horses. Timothy is used for pasture, silage, but mostly for hay and is highly responsive to fertilizers.
Erosion control: Timothy can be used with legumes and/or other grasses in a mix for cover purposes, filter strips, waterways, and other critical area
applications. Timothy helps stabilize the soil and has been used for erosion control. It is well adapted to intense disturbances and is widely used for
rehabilitation of highly disturbed sites: cutover, burned–over, and overgrazed mountain rangelands, sites disturbed by construction of railroads, canals,
trails or highways, logging sites and strip mines as well as sites altered for recreational purpose.

Cows Essay
Cows Did you know that cows can touch their noses with their tongue. Why do cows have 4 stomachs? So they can sort out stuff they accidently
chew that was in the grass or hay. Cows live in people's pastures and other stuff like that. The cow is interesting because of where it lives, how it
survives, and how it has been impacted by humans. Cows live in cattle yards, pastures, and barns. They don't have very much hair in the summer
and they grow hair in the winter to stay warm. If you got off a plane there would be snow in the winter and it would be kind of hot in the summer it
depends what time of the year you come. The places you'll go would have hills and sheds and cattle yards about everywhere out of town. There are a
lot of cows

Cattle Diet Essay
Maternal Cattle Nutrition: When, Why, How Cattle. Without them, there would be no hamburgers, no steaks, and definitely no milk. Barbecues would
different without the staple foods, ice cream would be non–existent, and many Americans would have a different profession than they do now. To keep
them around, we breed them and raise the younger generation and from them, we get the food we talked about above. To make sure that every year's
calf crop is successful and healthy, farmers and ranchers need to make sure that they keep their mother cows healthy so that the developing fetus' have
the necessary nutrients to grow healthily and do well after birth. To do this, the farmers feed the cattle differently depending on the stage of pregnancy
because... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the most common deficiencies in cattle is protein deficiency when they are fed too much low quality and mature forages such as alfalfa, straw,
and dry pasture. To make sure this deficiency does not occur, cattle require 1.1–1.7 pounds of protein and 7–9% protein in their feeds (Beef Cattle
Nutrition and Feeding 455). Protein is found in both concentrates and roughages (feeds low in digestible nutrients but high in fiber), but some feeds
contain higher levels than others. Roughages, commonly dried plant–type feeds, contain 17–19% crude protein (CP) while common concentrates, corn,
wheat, and barley, contain 7–12% CP with specialty feeds such as cottonseed products and beans containing 24+% CP (Preston). A cow will
commonly eat around 30 pounds of feed a day to get the required energy and protein to stay healthy, but the grams of vitamins and minerals play an
important role in keeping the cows body plenished with compounds to prevent

Viruses Can Infect Different Types Of Living Organisms
Viruses
Viruses are also small particles which can infect different types of living organisms. Viruses are known as parasitic which means they can only live
in other organisms for example humans and can only reproduce inside living cells and damage the cell when doing this. When a virus is inside a cell
they can make copies of itself, eventually this will fill the living cell and it could potentially burst which means the virus cells will be passed into the
bloodstream, the airways or other routes. Viruses can come in different shapes as they don't have a specific cell structure. The cells have a core of
genetic material which is surrounded by a protein coat. The genetic information that they hold can either be DNA or RNA but cannot be both {6}. Just
like bacteria viruses can be found anywhere as long as there are cells to infect. Some viruses can enter a cell and not cause any damage until passed
onto another one, but most viruses do tend to cause damage to a cell {7}.
Helpful microorganisms ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Yoghurt is also made by boiling milk and adding bacteria to it as the bacteria turns the sugar in the milk to acid, the acid then makes the milk go
thick and stops any harmful bacteria growing in the yoghurt. Dead leaves also contain bacteria as the bacteria will feed on the leaves and break
them down into nutrients. The nutrients then go back into the soil where they can be used by plants {8}. Yeast cells can also be used to make
alcoholic drinks such as beer and wine. Bacteria can also make cheese, vinegar, compost and silage. Yeast can break down sugars in the absence of
oxygen; this is known as fermentation which is the production of ethanol. Fermentation is used to make alcoholic drinks such as beer and wine

The Soils Of Putney Vermont
The Soils of Putney Vermont
The town of Putney is situated in the south eastern corner of Vermont, in the Connecticut River Valley. Although the town occupies just 26.8 square
miles, the diversity of its soils is remarkable. The variation of Putney's soils has led to a wide range of land uses depending on the soil type, and its
position on the landscape. By exploring the factors that contributed to the formation of Putney's soils, and by discussing the characteristics of
those soils, this paper will explain the significance of the town's land use. Much of the diversity of Putney's soils can be attributed to the
movements of the Laurentide ice sheet that, 20,000 years ago, covered the region in several thousand feet of ice. As the glaciers proceeded south,
they reconfigured the land's surface layer by scraping away the existing soil. As the world's climate warmed, the ice retreated, redepositing glacial
till across the landscape. Topography played an integral role in the distribution of soil following glaciation. In the hills, this unsorted till, a
collection of boulders, cobbles, gravel, sands, silt, and clay, began the slow process of pedogenisis (soil formation) as plants and animals brought
life to this barren world. In the valleys, material was sorted by the water from the melting ice as it flowed down from the hills (Stewart 55). Below, in
figure 1, the areas of unsorted till are represented in orange while areas of sorted sediment such as gravel, sand, outwashes,

One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest Essay
One flew East, One flew West, One died without a part of his brain.
In my opinion the main theme of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is conformity. The patients at this mental institution, or at least the one in the Big
Nurse's ward, find themselves on a rough situation where not following standards costs them many privileges being taken away. The standards that the
Combine sets are what makes the patients so afraid of a change and simply conform hopelessly to what they have since anything out of the ordinary
would get them in trouble. Such conformity is what Mc Murphy can not stand and makes him bring life back to the ward by fighting Miss Ratched
and creating a new environment for the patients. One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Kesey makes sure the reader gets a mental picture of the situations but he also makes use of many literary terms. The most common literary term
used, that is present at least twice in every page of One flew over the Cuckoo's Nest, is simile, where a comparison is made between two seemingly
unfamiliar things. An example of a simile is present when Bromden describes one of the prostitutes: "Her fingernails are red as drops of blood against
the shiny black patent–leather purse" (172). The author makes use of onomatopoeia when the Chief narrates: "He pulls the cigarette from his thin crack
of a smile, and the laugh starts up again–eee–eee–eee" (62). Kesey also makes use of a metaphor when Harding says: "Mr. McMurphy... my friend.. I'm
not a chicken, I'm a rabbit. The doctor is a rabbit. Cheswick there is a rabbit. Billy Bibbit is a rabbit. All of us in here are rabbits of varying ages and
degrees, hippity–hopping through our Walt Disney world." (62), implying that all of the patients are, indeed, rabbits. "Our sweet, smiling, tender angel
of mercy"(58) is an ironic kenning referring to Miss Ratched. There also are a series of flashbacks throughout One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest that

The Decline Of British Bees
The Decline of British Bees There are over 1500 insect species that are thought to help with pollination in the UK. Virtually any insect that visits
flowers can carry out pollination. This includes the best known, the bees along with butterflies, hoverflies, a few beetles and moths. Bees are a massive
component in ecological systems with 78–94% of wild plant species and 75% of crop species pollinated by animals and provide important social and
economic aids to humans through crop pollination and maintaining the biodiversity and character of the British landscape. It is generally accepted that
pollinator figures are in deterioration. Most Garden plants and agricultural/horticultural crops rely on bees to bring about fertilisation by transferring
pollen from the flowers' anthers to the stigmas. These include most tree and soft fruits, and many vegetables including marrows, courgettes runner
beans, tomatoes and broad beans, Allowing the decline of pollinators means that plants that are not pollinated will not produce seeds or fruits, this is a
problem if not remedied will affect the whole of the world and civilization as we know it as an abundance of unfertilised plants could eventually lead to
food shortages and environmental destruction through the loss of vegetation. (Rhs.org.uk, 2016) What is causing the decline? Despite their
importance, both to the natural environment and people diseases, habitat degradation and unsustainable agriculture, have placed substantial burdens

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