19. Dangui is a female
upper garment worn for
ceremonial occasions
during the Joseon
Dynasty.
Dangui was also
called dang-
jeogori, dang-jeoksam,
or dang-hansam
20. Gwanbok is a Korean
general term referring to
all business attires of
government officers given
by government, with Rank
badge on them to
distinguish hierarchies.
21. Dopo is a variety
of po (an overcoat)
mostly worn by
male Confucian
scholars
called seonbi since
the mid Joseon
period.
31. Shamanism (/ˈʃɑːmən/ SHAH-mən or /ˈʃeɪmən/ SHAY-mən)
is a practice that involves a practitioner reaching altered
states of consciousness in order to encounter and interact
with the spirit world and channel these transcendental
energies into this world.[2] A shaman is a person regarded
as having access to, and influence in, the world
of benevolent and malevolent spirits, who typically enters
into a trance state during a ritual, and
practices divination and healing.[3]
32. The original religion of the Korean people was Shamanism, which though not as
widespread as in ancient times, still survives to this day. Female shamans
or mudang are often called upon to enlist the help of various spirits to achieve various
means.
Buddhism and Confucianism were later introduced to Korea through cultural exchanges
with Chinese dynasties. Buddhism was the official religion of the Goryeo dynasty, and
many privileges were given to Buddhist monks during this period. However, the Joseon
period saw the suppression of Buddhism, where Buddhist monks and temples were
banned from the cities and confined to the countryside. In its place a strict form
of Confucianism, which some see as even more strict than what had ever been adopted
by the Chinese, became the official philosophy.
Throughout Korean history and culture, regardless of separation, the traditional beliefs
of Korean Shamanism, Mahayana Buddhism and Confucianism have remained an
underlying influence of the religion of the Korean people as well as a vital aspect of their
culture. In fact, all these traditions coexisted peacefully for hundreds of years. They still
exist in the more Christian South and in the North, despite pressure from its government.