1a sessione

1. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017
Very Low GWP Replacements for R-404A
–
Performance Tests in a Commercial Freezer
Joachim Gerstel
Technology and Regulatory Affairs
Manager EMEA
Chemours Deutschland GmbH
joachim.gerstel@chemours.com

2. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017
Introduction
R404A-Alternatives with very low GWP
 Main Properties of R-454A & R-454C
 TD-Cycle Analysis
 Drop-In Test Results in a Freezer
 Compatibility with Materials & POE
 Charge Size Calculation
Summary
Agenda

3. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017
Mid- and Long-Term Requirements to fulfill the EU
F-Gas Regulation
are new tailor made solutions by application.
They need:
• GWP << 400 → Therefore likely safety class A2L or A3
• Risk Analysis
• Favorable Total Costs of Ownership (TCO)
Introduction

4. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017
Very Low GWP Replacements for R-404A
XL20 (R-454C) XL40 (R-454A)
< 150 GWP < 250 GWP



Refrigeration – replace R-404A, 507, 407s
Lowest GWP Closest match

5. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017
Thermophysical Properties
R-404A
Opteon™ XL20
(R-454C)
Opteon™ XL40
(R-454A)
Boiling Point [°C] -47 -46 -48
Critical Point [°C] 72 82 79
Vapor Pressure
at 25°C in kPa 1254 1169 1342
Liquid Density at
25°C in kg/m3 1044 984 977
Vapor Density at
25°C in kg/m3 65,3 44,3 47,7

6. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017
Thermodynamic Cycle Analysis
• New & simple Chemours Software
• Contains all the new refrigerants
• Based on REFPROP V9.1

7. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017
Thermodynamic Cycle Performance
Psuct
bar g
Pdisch
bar g
Tdisch
°C
Tglide,
Evap °C
CAP
kW
CAP Rel to
R-404A
COP COP Rel to
R-404A
R-404A 0,64 17,2 84 0,4 82,3 100 % 1,25 100 %
Opteon™ XL20
(R-454C)
0,25 14,5 95 4,4 73,3 89 % 1,36 109 %
Opteon™ XL40
(R-454A)
0,54 17,2 108 4,3 91,0 111 % 1,37 110 %
Evaporator temp = -35 °C, Condenser temp = 40 °C, Subcool = 2 K, Superheat = 15 K and
compressor isentropic efficiency = 70 %

8. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017
Drop-in commercial freezer testing
R-454A and R-454C test-conditions:
• 1,5 m3 double-door unit with two piston comp designed for
R-404A
• Refrigerant charge size is 1,15 kg for R-404A
• Superheat 3-4 K; TXV closed by 1 ½ turn vs R-404A
• Tested at three ambient temps: 32 °C, 24 °C and 21 °C
• Average freezer compartment temp controlled at -17 °C

9. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017
Results with R-454C
EC
(kWhr/day)
EC Rel to
R404A
M
(kg/hr)
Psuct
(kPa)
Pdisch
(kPa)
CR
Tdisch
(°C)
Ambient T = 32°C
R404A 34.34 100% 43 220 2068 9.4 96
XL20 34.84 101% 35 172 1785 10.4 103
Ambient T = 21°C
R404A 23.69 100% 48 200 1585 7.9 77
XL20 24.41 103% 33 165 1351 8.2 82
• 1-3% higher energy consumption despite higher
COP from Cycle Calc
• 20-30% lower massflow →lower pressure drop
• Lower evap. and cond. pressure
• Compressor discharge temp 5-7 K higher

10. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017
Results with R-454A
• 3-8% lower energy consumption; positive trend
at higher ambient temp
• 20-30% lower massflow → lower pressure drop
• Similar evap. and cond. Pressure
• Compressor discharge temp 15 K higher
EC (kWhr/day)
EC Rel to
R404A
M
(kg/hr)
Psuct
(bar a)
Pdisch
(bar a)
CR Tdisch (C)
Ambient t = 32°C
R404A 33,46 100% 44 2.1 20.3 10 90
XL40 30,81 92% 34 1.9 21.3 11 105
Ambient t = 24°C
R404A 25,11 100% 46 2.0 16.5 8 75
XL40 23,91 95% 35 1.8 17.3 9 91
Ambient t = 21°C
R404A 23,39 100% 48 2.0 15.6 8 70
XL40 22,62 97% 36 1.8 16.0 9 85

11. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017
R-454A/ C - Compatibility with Materials & POE
• Seal Tube tests
• POE Miscibility measurements
• Elastomer Compatibility
• Plastic Compatibility
Similar behavior vs R-404A

12. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 50 100 150 200 250
ChargeSize(kg)
Room Size (m³)
R-454A/ C
A2L
HFC-152a
A2
HC-290
A3
Calculation is based on EN378 (2016)
R-454A/ C – Charge Size

13. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017
R-454A/ C - Very Low GWP Replacements
 With GWP-reductions around 95% vs. R-404A
 Show promising properties and performances vs
R-404A
 Show similar compatibility with materials & POE
 Allow higher charge size vs. safety class 3-fluids
 Are commercial available
Summary

14. Latest Technology in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVII European Conference Milano, 9 - 10 June 2017
Molte Grazie!
Email: joachim.gerstel@chemours.com
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