1. Preface by the President of the German Commission for UNESCO
教科文組織德國委員會主席序
Knowledge is increasingly important for the development of the individual and society in an ever more
globalised world. One of the primary goals of UNESCO is therefore to build up modern knowledge
societies in which all people can participate in information and knowledge. At the same time the
protection of intellectual property is a major concern, with the aim of ensuring creativity as a core
sphere of culture.
在日趨全球化的世界裡, 知識對個人與社會發展的重要性與日俱增。建立現代化的知識社會, 讓
所有的人都能參與資訊與知識, 是教科文組織的主要目標之一。同時, 保護智慧財產也是主要的
議題, 它的目標是確保創意成為文化的核心。
Today, the Internet allows access to information worldwide and at any time. Simultaneously, university
libraries’ warnings that they can no longer fully meet their responsibility of providing information
because of considerable price increases in subscriptions to academic journals are increasingly urgent. In
other words, the development of new models of information provision is not only possible, but
necessary if access to knowledge and culture is to be secured as one of our most important resources.
今天, 透過網際網路, 隨時能在全球各地近用資訊, 同時, 大學圖書館警告著, 因為訂閱學刊的費用
驟增, 它們已不能對提供的完整的資訊。換句話說, 如果我們要保障知識和文化的近用, 使其成為
我們最重要的資源, 不僅有可能而且有必要發展新的提供資訊模式。
In this connection, Open Access is one of the models under discussion. Can and should access to
publicly funded academic knowledge be free of charge to the user?
從這些角度思考, 開放近用是眾多討論模式之一, 公帑贊助的學術知識可以或應該免費讓公眾使
用嗎?
This question is being hotly debated. It has implications for educational, research, legal and economic
policy. Without a doubt, individual educational opportunities will be enhanced and innovation
promoted if access to knowledge is facilitated in this way. At the same time, there may well be a
justified interest in the commercial exploitation of academic results, for example when research is
partly financed by private funds.
這是個討論激烈的議題, 在教育、研究、法律與經濟政策方面均需要討論。毫無疑問地, 近用知
識採用這種模式, 可強化及推動個人教育機會的創新；同時, 提高學術成果的商機, 例如私人贊助
部份經費的研究。
These few aspects suffice to show that the debate on Open Access must be held on as broad a social
basis as possible. The present handbook is designed to contribute to this debate. It provides an
interested public with information on Open Access, a subject which, despite its great social importance,
has hitherto been mainly discussed by experts.
從這幾個觀點來看, 必須儘量擴大社會的基礎, 探討開放近用的議題。本手冊從這個議題切入, 為
社會大眾提供有關開放近用的資訊, 雖然開放近用具有極大的社會衝擊, 但目前仍停留在專家討
論的階段。
This handbook is the result of a workshop bringing together 25 experts. These workshop participants
— coming from German Federal Ministries, the Standing Conference of the Ministers of Education and
Cultural Affairs of the Länder in the Federal Republic of Germany, the European Commission, the
academic community, major academic organisations, the publishing sector, and the Open Access
community — discussed the structure and contents of the present publication. I would like to express
my thanks to them, and to the numerous authors of this handbook. I should also like to thank the

2. German Federal Foreign Office for its support of both the workshop and the publication.
本手冊是 25 位專家參加研討會的結晶, 來自德國聯邦不管部會、德國教育與文化部常務委員
會、歐盟執行委員會、學界、主要的學會、出版社以及開放近用社群的專家, 齊聚一堂討論當前
出版的結構與內容。個人非常感謝他們, 以及本手冊的著作人, 也要謝謝德國外交部支持此研討
會與出版此手冊。
Walter Hirche
華特・赫希
p. 10
Open Access: Opportunities and Challenges. A handbook [開放近用 : 機會及挑戰] / European
Commission, German Commission for UNESCO. -- Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of
the European Communities, 2008. -- 144 p., 14.8 x 21.0 cm. -- ISBN 978-92-79-06665-8. -- EUR
23459, http://tinyurl.com/3q8wo5