An introduction and explanation of human factors and sociotechnical .pdf

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An introduction and explanation of human factors and sociotechnical issues in medical informatics Solution Healthcare is arguably the most complex of the complex,sociotechnical systems studied by the human factors community .This complexity only looks to increase over the next five years as massive changes in how care is delivered and re-imbursed are already underway.Not the least of these changes is the not-so-subtle introduction of medical informatics and their corresponding ripple effects on how the roles are designed,how work is co-ordinated,how primary and more distant personnel are impacted and how power is allocated within the groups.Much of the activity in medical informatics is conducted without the representation of human factors ,or even without the knowledge of what human factors can contribute other than usable testing methods..

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Health informatics

amynicole1219

Health informatics

amynicole1219

Walden University Master of Science in Nursing Week 2 Journal Assignment—Part 1: Week 2 Journal Assignment—Part 2 (Practicum Journal Article Summary): Week 2 Journal Assignment—Part 3 (Practicum Onsite Visits): Week 3 Journal Assignment—Part 1: Week 3 Journal Assignment—Part 2 (Practicum Journal Article Summary): Week 3 Journal Assignment—Part 3 (Practicum Onsite Visits): © 2012 Laureate Education Inc. 2 © 2013 Laureate Education, Inc. 2 S y s t e m s E s s e n ti a ls Five Ways to Incorporate Systems Thinking into Healthcare Organizations Patricia Trbovich Healthcare is a complex system that involves high risk to patients, clinicians, manufacturers, and other stakeholders. Clinicians process inordinate amounts of data and synthesize these inputs to make critical decisions that affect patient health and safety. The unprec edented advancement in medical technology during the past half-century has contributed substantially to healthcare’s expanding com plexity.1 Consequently, clinicians have more knowledge to synthesize, tasks to perform, and processes to manage than ever before.1 The delivery of care often is overly complex and unstandardized, thereby reducing rather than increasing safety. For example, new devices are being implemented in medical practice at an astounding pace, requiring clinicians to continuously expand their breadth of knowl edge and expertise. Consequently, a main cause of adverse events is misuse of medical devices. Variation in medical devices among hospitals (and within a given hospital) is a key cause of these adverse events. Design improve ments and standardization of equipment have been suggested as ways to reduce errors. Although new technologies usually are advantageous for the patient, health profession als often encounter difficulties in using devices. Furthermore, current healthcare systems are not designed to support the care of complex patients, such as populations with chronic conditions requiring care management across multiple providers and services. In 2005, a joint report from the National Academy of Engineering and Institute of Medicine advo cated the extensive application of systems thinking to improve the delivery of healthcare.2 Systems thinking centers on the dynamic interaction, synchronization, and integration of people, processes, and technology.3 By gaining an understanding of the dynamics among people, processes, and technology, systems thinking aids in recognizing how to intervene (e.g., focusing on changes to device design, clinician training, and/or clinical practice) in the system successfully. Moreover, systems thinking helps identify the critical relationships and connections often missed or undervalued that are pivotal to a successful implementation effort. If the high-risk healthcare industry focuses on an enhanced application of systems-thinking approaches, it will benefit from opportunities to reform the care .

Walden UniversityMaster of Science in NursingWeek 2 Journa.docx

celenarouzie

Please respond to each of the Discussions with 3 APA references no older than 5 years old. Student 1 Ruth Nyasimi TN The Inclusion of Nurses in the Systems Development Life Cycle The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is simply a conceptual model which is used in project management that describes all stages which are involved in an information systems development project. Each stage of the SDLC is critical to ensure the successful implementation of new health information systems (Garcia-Dia et al., 2019). It is important to include nurses in each step of the SDCL implementation since they play a critical role in ensuring that the project is designed to meet the organizational objectives. Failure to include nurses in the SDCL can have fatal consequences for the patients, and organizations. Nurses are more informed on how information systems can be used to improve patient outcomes and safety. Any situation in which nurses are excluded can lead to significant consequences. Firstly, failure to include nurses can lead to a project that is unable to address the staff and patient needs. Nurses are the only healthcare staffs who spend more time with patients and have a lot of bedside experience. Hence, failure to include them can result in a healthcare information system that is unable to improve the care given to patients (McGonagall & Mastrian, 2015). Secondly, in the implementation phase, the design of the project is revealed and people can give opinions on the applications. If nurses are not included in this phase, the system development can be unfamiliar and ineffective and within the short term, it can be considered incompatible and mismatching with the clinical care offered. Therefore, according to Thomas et al (2016), allowing nurses to interact with systems and understand how it works is important since it helps them to navigate through and even assist other professionals who may experience difficulties. Thirdly, especially the testing phase is critically important in the SDCL since it ensures the IT systems are functional. According to Zytkowsi et al. (2016), excluding nurses at this phase has consequences since it can lead to the development of a system that does not support other roles of patient care or a system with potential delays in clinical care. Besides, if nurses are not included in this stage, the system can fail to evaluate and support other patient roles. Lastly, once the system has been implemented, there must be a plan on how to carry out maintenance hence when nurses are excluded in this phase, any changes made can cause delays in operating the system resulting in delays in patient care. In a different light, the inclusion of nurses in SDCL will have several benefits. For example, including them in SDCL will provide nurses with an opportunity to connect with the system and develop a personal connection with it as they become driven to serve patients and.

Please respond to each of the Discussions with 3 APA references no o.docx

LacieKlineeb

Healthcare Informatics is defined as "the integration of health-care sciences, computer science, information science, and cognitive science to assist in the management of healthcare information" (Saba & McCormick, 2015, p. 232). Nursing Informatics is a subset of informatics, specific to the field and the role of the nurse in the healthcare setting. The American Nurses Association (ANA) identified nursing informatics as "a specialty that integrates nursing, science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, and knowledge in nursing practice" (ANA, 2001, p.17). Healthcare and nursing informatics are both vastly growing fields within the medical field and are continuously incorporating new and evolving technology. Both have been around for the past three decades, at least. The technology boom at the turn of the century has helped informatics and information systems further evolve. Enhanced delivery of care, improved health outcomes, and advanced patient education are just a few aspects that have improved. With any new technology or innovation there are implications, some foreseeable and some that come to light after the unveiling of the new process or product: some impacts that are most notable are clinical, managerial, and policy implications. This paper explores the implications, (both constructive and adverse), that are the most notable in today's healthcare world within the healthcare and nursing informatics fields. Citation Sweeney, J. (Feb, 2017). Healthcare Informatics. Online Journal of Nursing Informatics (OJNI), 21( 1), Available at http://www.himss.org/ojni Introduction Healthcare Informatics is defined as "the integration of health-care sciences, computer science, information science, and cognitive science to assist in the management of healthcare information" (Saba & McCormick, 2015, Pg. 232). Nursing Informatics is a subset of informatics, specific to the field and the roll of the nurse in the healthcare setting. The American Nurses Association (ANA) identified nursing informatics as "a specialty that integrates nursing, science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, and knowledge in nursing practice" (ANA, 2001, Pg.17). Healthcare and nursing informatics are both vastly growing fields within the medical field and are continuously incorporating new and evolving technology. Both have been around for the past three decades, at least. The technology boom at the turn of the century has helped informatics and information systems further evolve. Enhanced delivery of care, improved health outcomes, and advanced patient education are just a few aspects that have improved. With any new technology or innovation there are implications, some foreseeable and some that come to light after the unveiling of the new process or product. Some impacts that are most notable are clinical, managerial, and policy implications. This paper will explore the impli ...

Healthcare Informatics is defined as the integration of health-ca.docx

pooleavelina

Elnaz Alimi 1. Which theory bases would you use to guide your project and future work in this area? Please discuss both a) an occupational therapy model(s), as well as b) related knowledge theory bases you would prioritize from outside the field of OT that you think are important to use to guide interactions with this population. 2. Given these theory bases from #1, how would you define and conceptualize and with this population? 3. How would you assess needs and evaluate outcomes related to these two concepts with immigrants and refugees? E.g., which assessment tools would you use and why? 4. How would you adapt your assessment and intervention process so it is a) accessible to people with diverse disabilities in this population, while also being b) culturally relevant to people from within this social group? 1. Theories and Models This project will be guided by both occupational based model Person-Environment- Person-Participation known as PEOP and other related knowledge theory bases related to immigration studies. All of these theories are explained as following. The detailed explanations about these theories are eliminated and the main features of them that are align with this project are illustrated. 1.1. Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance (PEOP) Model The Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance (PEOP) Model was generated in 1985 and published in 1991. Development of this model was a response to need for more occupational based models over the paradigm shift. (Christiansen & Baum, 1991, 1997; Christiansen et al., 2005). It is envisioned that although there are some similarities with other models, yet different from other models in terms of its focus on occupational performance and participation, as well as using a top-down approach (Christiansen et al., 2005). The PEOP model is defined as a system model that looks at the function in the systems as a whole and considers the interaction over its components. Occupational performance has been received close attention in the PEOP model and contains three main components: (1) characteristics of the person (including physiological, psychological, motor, sensory/perceptual, cognitive, or spiritual), (2) characteristics of the environment (including cultural, social support, social determinants, and social capital, physical and natural environments, health education and public policy, assistive technology), and (3) characteristics of the activity, task, or role. The most recent edition is developed to provide therapists to identify the client’s enablers and barriers to occupational performance, and might be employed both individual and organizational/community based (Christiansen et al., 2005). PEOP pays close attention to the importance of occupational competency in order to attain occupational participation. Occupational participation in PEOP is wider compared to occupational performance as it embeds the ability to engage in preferred lifestyle choices to participate .

Elnaz Alimi1. Which theory bases would you use to guide your pro.docx

christinemaritza

ABSTRACT: Health information systems (HISs) are critical tools that have been widely adopted and implemented in healthcare settings around the world, intending to improve the quality of healthcare services (OHSs) delivered. However, it is the extent and magnitude of HISs utilization that seem to guarantee improvement in the quality of health care. The study explored the extent to which HISs have been utilized in selected public and private health facilities (PPHFs) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and the determinants of its utilization. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed to collect data using the Kobo Collect survey tool from 140 respondents and 12 key informants. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages), Inferential statistics (Pearson chi-square tests), and Linear regression analyses were employed to analyse data. The analysis revealed that private ownership has a higher utilization rate of HIS (61.4%) compared to public ownership (38.6%). Moreover, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness were significant predictors of actual use of the system, suggesting that users who found the system easy to use and useful were more likely to use it. In conclusion, the utilization of HIS in Tanzania seems to be influenced by various factors, including ownership type. KEYWORDS: Determinants of Health Information Systems utilization, Health Information Systems, Health Information Systems Utilization, Private Health Facilities, Public Health Facilities

Health Information Systems Utilization: A Comparison of Extent and Magnitude ...

AJHSSR Journal

166 Economics, Management, and Financial Markets Volume 8(4), 2013, pp. 166–171, ISSN 1842-3191 THE IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT TO THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM ELVIRA NICA [email protected] Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest ABSTRACT. This paper discusses the major trends in scholarship about the role of HRM in strategic management, the migration of health workers, human resource professionals’ attempt to deliver high-quality health care to citizens, and the importance of human resources in the health care industry. The purpose of this article is to gain a deeper understanding of the impact of human resources on health sector reform, the importance of HRM in all aspects of healthcare organizations, the positive impact of increased job autonomy on employee outcomes, and the dynamics of employee engagement in healthcare. The literature on the link between HR system perceptions and civility towards patients, specific roles for HRM in building shared values that can service both the care needs of patients and the business needs of health organizations, the complex linkages between employees’ perceptions of human resources systems and hospital performance, and the mechanisms through which HRM can enhance patient satisfaction in health care organizations is relevant to this discussion. JEL Codes: E24, J24, O15 Keywords: HRM; health care system; hospital; employee; patient 1. Introduction I am specifically interested in how previous research investigated the important roles that HRM can play in orchestrating organizational change, the relationship between human resources and health care, the job satisfaction of healthcare employees, and the impact of HRM in the health sector. This paper aims to analyze and discuss the impact of human resources on the health care system, information that human resource managers can apply to the healthcare industry, the education and in-service training of health care workers, and the impact of HRM practices on health sector outcomes. The theory that I shall seek to elaborate here puts considerable emphasis on the 167 different types of employees in the healthcare industry, HRM’s significant role in the distribution of health care workers, the importance of safety climate in determining patient safety outcomes, and the use of HRM in the health sector. The mainstay of the paper is formed by an analysis of the impact of changes in HRM practice on employee and patient outcomes, the role that HRM activities play in the operations of a healthcare organization, the labor shortage in the healthcare industry, and the ability of public health organizations to afford full-time human resources employees. 2. The Impact of HRM in the Health Sector Human resources management (HRM) plays an essential role in the health care system. The relationship between HRM and health care is complex. Both the number and cost of health care consumables can ...

166 Economics, Management, and Financial Markets Vo

MargaritoWhitt221

From a blame culture to a just culture in health care Naresh Khatri Gordon D. Brown Lanis L. Hicks Background: A prevailing blame culture in health care has been suggested as a major source of an unacceptably high number of medical errors. A just culture has emerged as an imperative for improving the quality and safety of patient care. However, health care organizations are finding it hard to move from a culture of blame to a just culture. Purpose: We argue that moving from a blame culture to a just culture requires a comprehensive understanding of organizational attributes or antecedents that cause blame or just cultures. Health care organizations need to build organizational capacity in the form of human resource (HR) management capabilities to achieve a just culture. Methodology: This is a conceptual article. Health care management literature was reviewed with twin objectives: (a) to ascertain if a consistent pattern existed in organizational attributes that lead to either blame or just cultures and (2) to find out ways to reform a blame culture. Conclusions: On the basis of the review of related literature, we conclude that (a) a blame culture is more likely to occur in health care organizations that rely predominantly on hierarchical, compliance-based functional management systems; (b) a just or learning culture is more likely to occur in health organizations that elicit greater employee involvement in decision making; and (c) human resource management capabilities play an important role in moving from a blame culture to a just culture. Practice Implications: Organizational culture or human resource management practices play a critical role in the health care delivery process. Health care organizations need to develop a culture that harnesses the ideas and ingenuity of health care professional by employing a commitment-based management philosophy rather than strangling them by overregulating their behaviors using a control-based philosophy. They cannot simply wish away the deeply entrenched culture of blame nor can they outsource their way out of it. Health care organizations need to build internal human resource management capabilities to bring about the necessary changes in their culture and management systems and to become learning organizations. T he aim of this article is twofold. First, it identifies a set of organizational attributes that perpetuate a blame culture and those that foster a just culture in health care. Specifically, it explores if the blame culture is inherent in hierarchical, functional structures that are ubiquitous in health care organizations and if work systems based on greater involvement of health care employees or professionals promote a just culture. October–December � 2009312 Health Care Manage Rev, 2009, 34(4), 312-322 Copyright A 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Naresh Khatri, PhD, is Associate Professor, Health Management and Informatics, Unive.

From a blame culture to a just culturein health careNare.docx

budbarber38650

Use of Electronic Technologies to Promote Community and Personal Health for Individuals Unconnected to Health Care Systems Ensuring health care services for populations outside the mainstream health care system is challenging for all providers. But developing the health care infrastructure to better serve such unconnected individuals is critical to their health care status, to third-party payers, to overall cost savings in public health, and to reducing health disparities. Our increasingly sophisti- cated electronic technologies offer promising ways to more effectively engage this difficult to reach group and increase its access to health care resources. This process requires developing not only newer technologies but also collaboration between community leaders and health care providers to bring unconnected individuals into formal health care systems. We present three strategies to reach vulnerable groups, outline benefits and challenges, and provide examples of successful programs. (Am J Public Health. 2011;101:1163–1167. d o i : 1 0. 21 0 5/ A J P H . 2 0 10 . 30 0 00 3 ) John F. Crilly, PhD, MPH, MSW, Robert H. Keefe, ACSW, PhD, and Fred Volpe, MPA DURING THE PAST DECADE, the United States has experienced a rapid growth of electronic health information technology in hospital and health care provider systems to enhance access and quality for service recipients. State health departments have developed health information ex- changes across large health care networks, insurance providers, and independent physician practices, and the use of electronic health records has greatly accel- erated.1 These initiatives evince progress toward achieving a fully connected national health care system by 2014.2 Nevertheless, cities and counties struggle to understand the health care needs of individuals who do not or cannot easily access formal health care networks but use expensive services for emergency and routine care. Health information technology is currently designed to benefit pri- marily populations already connected to such systems. As systems increase their use of health data to influence treatment and policy, developing strategies to include individuals who are largely outside health care networks is critical. The US health care system has been criticized for low-quality care that produces multiple medical errors3,4 and high-cost services that limit access to care,5 perpetu- ating health disparities. Primary care focused on preventing illness and death is associated with more equitable distribution of health and better outcomes than is specialty care6---8; countries directing resources to primary care and enhancing population health have lower costs and superior outcomes.9 Although the United States has the world’s most expensive health care system, other countries regularly surpass the United States on most health indicators, including quality, access, efficiency, ...

Use of Electronic Technologies to Promote Community and Person.docx

dickonsondorris

Barriers to Electronic Health Record Adoption

Grace Villareal

Mutale et al. BMC Health Services Research 2013, 13:291 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/13/291 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Systems thinking in practice: the current status of the six WHO building blocks for health system strengthening in three BHOMA intervention districts of Zambia: a baseline qualitative study Wilbroad Mutale1,2*, Virginia Bond3, Margaret Tembo Mwanamwenge3, Susan Mlewa3, Dina Balabanova4, Neil Spicer4 and Helen Ayles2,3 Abstract Background: The primary bottleneck to achieving the MDGs in low-income countries is health systems that are too fragile to deliver the volume and quality of services to those in need. Strong and effective health systems are increasingly considered a prerequisite to reducing the disease burden and to achieving the health MDGs. Zambia is one of the countries that are lagging behind in achieving millennium development targets. Several barriers have been identified as hindering the progress towards health related millennium development goals. Designing an intervention that addresses these barriers was crucial and so the Better Health Outcomes through Mentorship (BHOMA) project was designed to address the challenges in the Zambia’s MOH using a system wide approach. We applied systems thinking approach to describe the baseline status of the Six WHO building blocks for health system strengthening. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted looking at the status of the Six WHO building blocks for health systems strengthening in three BHOMA districts. We conducted Focus group discussions with community members and In-depth Interviews with key informants. Data was analyzed using Nvivo version 9. Results: The study showed that building block specific weaknesses had cross cutting effect in other health system building blocks which is an essential element of systems thinking. Challenges noted in service delivery were linked to human resources, medical supplies, information flow, governance and finance building blocks either directly or indirectly. Several barriers were identified as hindering access to health services by the local communities. These included supply side barriers: Shortage of qualified health workers, bad staff attitude, poor relationships between community and health staff, long waiting time, confidentiality and the gender of health workers. Demand side barriers: Long distance to health facility, cost of transport and cultural practices. Participating communities seemed to lack the capacity to hold health workers accountable for the drugs and services. Conclusion: The study has shown that building block specific weaknesses had cross cutting effect in other health system building blocks. These linkages emphasised the need to use system wide approaches in assessing the performance of health system strengthening interventions. * Correspondence: [email protected] 1Department of Community Medicine, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia 2Clinical Research Department, Facu.

Mutale et al. BMC Health Services Research 2013, 13291http.docx

rosemarybdodson23141

This article introduces health care managers to the theories and philosophies of John Kotter and William Bridges, 2 leaders in the evolving field of change management. For Kotter, change has both an emotional and situational component, and methods for managing each are expressed in his 8-step model (developing urgency, building a guiding team, creating a vision, communicating for buy-in, enabling action, creating short-term wins, don't let up, and making it stick). Bridges deals with change at a more granular, individual level, suggesting that change within a health care organization means that individuals must transition from one identity to a new identity when they are involved in a process of change. According to Bridges, transitions occur in 3 steps: endings, the neutral zone, and beginnings. The major steps and important concepts within the models of each are addressed, and examples are provided to demonstrate how health care managers can actualize the models within their health care organizations.

Selected references on managing change 8 30

Saide OER Africa

Discussion 4 Angela Brooks In reviewing the researchers’ article regarding user satisfaction, the authors conducted a survey to gather expectations for using a clinical information system (Karimia, Poo, and Tan, 2015). The researchers noted how different responsibilities are responsible for utilizing information systems for various functions. They examined the link between user satisfaction and motivation to understand how to use the electronic medical records system. There seems to be a link between satisfaction and the ease of use. As the article demonstrated, the success of information systems are dependent on how the users view the product. It is important that information systems meet the needs of users. Expectations for satisfaction should partly be dependent on the training that is provided for the health information system. If a staff is thoroughly trained on a system, it could contribute to motivation and make it easier for the staff to accept. However, if a system is not user friendly, it may make it difficult for users to be satisfied. Further, improvements to systems can also help a user’s attitude to improve and slowly reach an acceptance level. Reference Karimia, F., Poo, D., and Tan, Y. (2015). Clinical information systems end user satisfaction: The expectations and needs congruencies effects. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 53:342–354. Retrieved from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1532046414002731 Reply to Thread End-User Satisfaction of Health Information Systems Lisa Quinonez The attitude of the users and their continuance to use an information systems is closely linked with their satisfaction with the system. Therefore, making investment in clinical information systems should put the end user into consideration and their satisfaction. Cognitive framework is therefore essential to help in identifying the clinicians’ satisfaction information. Using the disconfirmation paradigm as the core of the framework is great since it helps in examining the relationship between throughput times, expectations and patient satisfaction. By using the expectations and needs congruence models and perceived performance as the basis of comparing the models helps in achieving the objective of the experiment. The response rates of the experiment was high which helps to validate the results of the experiment. The fact that it the participants were drawn from public hospitals portrays the actual situation on the ground. The survey methodology helps to empirically validate the proposed research model. To analyze the data, the partial least squares method was used. From the experiment, the results show that clinician’s satisfaction is mostly influenced by the perceived CIS performance. This is closely followed by doctor’s expectations congruence. The results of this research dispel previous findings which indicate that nurses’ expectations and expectations congruence do not show a significant effect on .

Discussion 4Angela Brooks In reviewing the researchers’ arti.docx

duketjoy27252

Discussion The Systems Development Life Cycle and the Nurse Infor.docx

mickietanger

Running Head: LIMITED ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE1 LIMITED ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE6 Limited Access to Healthcare Arnaldo Perez-Frometa Capella University Developing a Health Care Perspective Access to healthcare services is very essential for sustainable level of living and good health. Several scholars have described access as “the timely use of personal health services to achieve the best possible health outcomes”. One of the issues facing many countries across the world including those with systems for universal healthcare is providing appropriate and timely healthcare access for deprived patients. Currently there is limited information on how those patients living in a context of social and material deprivation perceive obstructions in the system of healthcare. In this paper we shall discuss several resources addressing the issue of access to services in the healthcare system. According to Andersen, Davidson, & Baumeister (2014), in their article titled “improving the access to care”, access refers to the actual utility of individual services for heath as well as everything else that can facilitate or impede their use. In this article they present research and policy issues as well as basic trends which are related to evaluating and monitoring the access to healthcare services. They show how evaluating and monitoring offers the platform for the prediction of health services, promotion of social justice and the improvement of efficiency and effectiveness for the delivery of health services. They analyzed access and healthcare outcomes using a behavioral model which provides a systematic framework of individual and contextual framework They expanded the behavioral model by emphasizing on two new aspects. They include the life quality as an input and healthcare outcome and genetics as a factor for predisposing. They also examined some examples of access indicators which include efficiency and effectiveness measures, utilization, potential access and healthcare needs. Changes that occurred in these indicators over time were tracked using trend data. Finally they did observations on access and the present status as well as new areas of improving access via ACA which has played a big role in improving access to health care. Next we are going to analyze the article written by Acharya et al., (2017) titled “Partnerships in mental healthcare service delivery in low-resource settings: developing an innovative network in rural Nepal”. This article provides an understanding on the contribution of mental illness on the worldwide burden diseases which are non communicable. However, the authors note that there has been an extremely limited access to ethnically sensitive, appropriately contextual and high quality service for mental healthcare. Despite the availability for interventions to improve outcomes for the patients, this situation still persists. The authors suggest that there is need for the development of partnerships network for adaptation.

Running Head LIMITED ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE1LIMITED ACCESS TO.docx

wlynn1

15 March 2016.docx

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PH1 404 GROUP 6 FPRESENTATION.pptx

Eston2

Evaluation of health systems performance: the role of Health Systems Research

IDS

CHAPTER 7 The policy process Eileen T. O’Grady “There are three critical ingredients to democratic renewal and progressive change in America: good public policy, grassroots organizing and electoral politics.” Paul Wellstone Nurses can more strategically and effectively influence policy if they have a clear understanding of the policymaking process. Conceptual models can help to organize and interpret information by depicting complex ideas in a simplified form; to this end, political scientists have developed a number of conceptual models to explain the highly dynamic process of policymaking. This chapter reviews two of these conceptual models. Health policy and politics Health policy encompasses the political, economic, social, cultural, and social determinants of individuals and populations and attempts to address the broader issues in health and health care (see Box 7.1 for policy definitions). A clear understanding of the points of influence to shape policy is essential and includes framing the problem itself. For example, if nurses working in a nurse-managed clinic are troubled by staff shortages or long patient waits, they may be inclined to see themselves as the solution by working longer hours and seeing more patients. Defining and framing the problem is the first step in the policy process and involves assessing its history, patterns of impact, resource allocation, and community needs. Broadening and framing the problem to influence or educate stakeholders at the local, state, or federal level could include advocating for better access or funding for nursing workforce development (see Box 7.1). BOX 7.1 Policy Definitions Policy is authoritative decision making related to choices about goals and priorities of the policymaking body. In general, policies are constructed as a set of regulations (public policy), practice standards (workplace), governance mandates (organizations), ethical behavior (research), and ordinances (communities) that direct individuals, groups, organizations, and systems toward the desired behaviors and goals. Health policy is the authoritative decisions made in the legislative, judicial, and executive branches of government that are intended to direct or influence the actions, behaviors, and decisions of others (Longest, 2016). Policy analysis is the investigation of an issue including the background, purpose, content, and effects of various options within a policy context and their relevant social, economic, and political factors (Dye, 2016). The next step is to bring the problem to the attention of those who have the power to implement a solution. Other key factors to consider include generating public interest, the availability of viable policy solutions, the likelihood that the policy will serve most of the people at risk in a fair and equitable fashion, and consideration of the organizational, community, societal, and political viability of the policy solution. Public interest is a fascinating dynamic ...

CHAPTER 7The policy processEileen T. O’GradyThere are t

JinElias52

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Evaluation of health systems performance: the role of Health Systems Research

CHAPTER 7The policy processEileen T. O’GradyThere are t

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Astronomers were able to find a new planet in a far away solar system. They are calling this planet Nova, for the presence of abundant dements from a supernova. The people of planet Nova speak in a strange language. Thankfully, a scientist was able to decode their language to English. He found that they also use the same letters as English, but they swap each pair of consecutive alphabets in English. For example, they swap A with B and Y with Z. Create a function that reads a word in Nova and translates it into English. Solution def nova(st): st = list(st) for i in range(0,len(st)): if st[i] == \'z\': st[i] = \'a\' elif st[i] == \'Z\': st[i] = \'A\' else: st[i] = chr(ord(st[i])+1) return \'\'.join(str(i) for i in st).

Astronomers were able to find a new planet in a far away solar system.pdf

manjan6

5. If we found AB+ blood at a crime scene and we knew one of our 5 suspects had a partial Genotype that was determined to be IAI B CcEe would this be enough evidence to make this suspect now a lead suspect. Why or Why not? Use Punnett squares to make your case. What additional test would need to be performed? 6. A homicidal maniac has a genotype of IB I B Ccddeehhsese. At this murderer’s most recent crime scene we find the murder’s baseball cap without blood, a pair of stained underwear no blood, no fingerprints, no fibers, no hairs. Based on these items, do we have any possible chemical, or immunological or other analyses we can perform that will identify the murderer as it relates to the genotypic info we have on him or her. If so how would you go about doing those studies Solution 5. ANS: No, At first the D antigen additional test would need to be performed. It is because AB+ is the most common blood group and the the perp would have to be either Dd or DD (Rh+ve). we could only really use the evidence to exclude suspects. 6. ANS: In this case the blood strains are not there. Genetic material on it and use that to identify the genotype is the best way to detects suspect. So genotyping performing will identify the murderer. Genotype is used to determine the alleles that an individual possesses. Genotyping test is used for crime and paternity testing because in genome there is 1 difference present in every 1,000 base pairs (in humans 3,000,000 difference sequence are present)..

5. If we found AB+ blood at a crime scene and we knew one of our 5 s.pdf

manjan6

All of the following individuals are U.S. residents: Kelly (27), her daughter Sydnee (4), and Kelly\'s mother, June (50). All three lived together until the end of March, when Kelly moved out. Then, in November, Kelly married Austin (29), and Sydnee moved in with Kelly and Austin, who are filing a joint return. Sydnee does not pay over half the cost of her own support. If both households try to claim Sydnee, who is entitled to do so? All of the following individuals are U.S. residents: Kelly (27), her daughter Sydnee (4), and Kelly\'s mother, June (50). All three lived together until the end of March, when Kelly moved out. Then, in November, Kelly married Austin (29), and Sydnee moved in with Kelly and Austin, who are filing a joint return. Sydnee does not pay over half the cost of her own support. If both households try to claim Sydnee, who is entitled to do so? All of the following individuals are U.S. residents: Kelly (27), her daughter Sydnee (4), and Kelly\'s mother, June (50). All three lived together until the end of March, when Kelly moved out. Then, in November, Kelly married Austin (29), and Sydnee moved in with Kelly and Austin, who are filing a joint return. Sydnee does not pay over half the cost of her own support. If both households try to claim Sydnee, who is entitled to do so? All of the following individuals are U.S. residents: Kelly (27), her daughter Sydnee (4), and Kelly\'s mother, June (50). All three lived together until the end of March, when Kelly moved out. Then, in November, Kelly married Austin (29), and Sydnee moved in with Kelly and Austin, who are filing a joint return. Sydnee does not pay over half the cost of her own support. If both households try to claim Sydnee, who is entitled to do so? Solution According to the law passes in April,\"Parent paying child support Sydnee is entitled to do so.

All of the following individuals are U.S. residents Kelly (27.pdf

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Blossom Company had these transactions during the current period. Nov. 28June 12Issued 78,000 shares of $1 par value common stock for cash of $292,500.July 11Issued 2,500 shares of $100 par value preferred stock for cash at $104 per share. Nov. 28Purchased 1,000 shares of treasury stock for $7,100. Prepare a tabular summary to record the Blossom Company transactions. (Ifa transaction causes a decrease in Assets, Liabilities or Stockholders\' Equity, place a negative sign (or parentheses) in front of the amount entered for the particular Asset, Liability or Equity item that was reduced.) Assets Liabilities Stockholders\' Equity Paid-in-Capital Retained Earnings Cash +Common Stock+ PIC in Excess of Pa +Pref. Stock + + Revenue ExpenseDividend Com. Pref June 22 July 11 Nov. 28 Solution Cash Liabilities Common stock PIC in excess of par Com. Pref. stock PIC in excess of par Pref. Treasury stock Revenue Expenses Dividend 22-Jun 292500 78000 214500 11-Jul 260000 250000 10000 28-Nov -7100 -7100.

Blossom Company had these transactions during the current period..pdf

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Using the case study below, develop a written report of your market analysis. Include a visual diagram of your overall market analysis use of strategic thinking maps (see diagram in the Module) as a tool to assist with the different facets of the strategic planning process. The map is to be used as a supplement for your written market analysis. The market analysis produced will be used in the final submission of your Capstone Project. Your well-written market analysis should meet the following requirements: Be 3-4 pages in length, not including the cover, abstract (optional), or reference pages. Utilize headings to organize the content. Include the strategic thinking map in addition to/or as a part of the 3-4 pages of content. Include a minimum of four references with associated in-text citations. The circumstances in Pocahontas County resonate in many rural communities across the country: • A depressed local economy • Substantial barriers to health access • Difficulty in attracting health professionals. Portrait of Pocahontas County Pocahontas County is located in the southeast region of West Virginia. The county has a total of 942 square miles and is the site of the head waters for eight rivers: Cherry River, Cranberry River, Elk River, Ganley River, Greenbriar River, Tygart Valley River, Williams River, and Shaver Fork of the Cheat River. Pocahontas County consists of the following towns: Arborale, Bartow, Buckeye, Cass, Dunmore, Durbin, Greenbank, Hillsboro, Marlington, and Slatyfork. As of the 2010 Census there are 9,131 people residing in Pocahontas County. The racial makeup is 98% Caucasian, .78% African American, .43% Hispanic, .14% Asian, and .07% Native American. The median income for a household within the county is $26,401. Access to Health Services Pocahontas County has a shortage of healthcare providers. There is one hospital, Pocahontas Memorial Hospital, and one nursing home, Pocahontas Center. The ratio for dentists is 8,851 to 1. The ratio for primary care physicians is 8508 to 1 (County Health Roadmaps & Rankings, n.d.). The county’s physician-to-population ratio is significantly higher than the Unites States overall ratio. Pocahontas Memorial Hospital is a 25-bed, level-4 trauma center. A rural health clinic is located within the hospital. The health clinic offers laboratory services, immunizations, disease management, and monthly specialty clinics (cardiology, podiatry, and nephrology). For more information about Pocahontas Memorial Hospital, visit the following website: http://www.pmhwv.org/ Solution Health care Limitations Executive summary The health care industry which is also known as the health economy or the medical industry is a broad industry which specializes in the delivery of services regarding treatment of diseases, conducting diagnostic services and therapies to identify various diseases so at to understand the kind of treatment to be subjected to such diseases (World Health Organization. (2002). the industr.

Using the case study below, develop a written report of your market .pdf

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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a plasmid used as a cloning vector? A. contains a selection marker. B. contains an origin of replication. C. has a site for inserting foreign DNA. D. integrates into the host chromosome. E. has lacZ gene at the insertion site Solution D. integrates into the host chromosome. a vector is a DNA molecule that is used as a vehivle for the introduction of foreign genetic material in the cell.Most commonly used vectors are plasmids,cosnids,viral vectors.Some features that are common to all vectors are origin of replication,multicloning site and a selectable marker system.A vector replicates autonomously irrespective of the replication of host DNA.A vector does not integrate into the host chromosome..

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a plasmid used as .pdf

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What is the evolutionary significance of the amniotic egg Solut.pdf

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What is the role of HTTP? What types of objects are transmitted in HTTP? Is HTML part of the HTTP specification? Solution Hyper Text Transfer Protocol defines a set of rules that 2 entities namely Client and Server need to follow while communicating with each other. It is a application layer protocol. This protocol is based on Client and Server. Client is someone who needs something from web while server is something who needs to listen to what Client wants and then need to send appropriate response. Role of HTTP : 1. It allows Client/User to send request for any content that is available in web Server. 2. It provides authentication mechanisms like basic access authentication and digest access authentication . 3. It allows the seamless transmission of Hyper Text from Server to Client and vice versa. 4. It allows persistent connections as well where a connection could be reused for more than one request. Objects Transmitted- 1. Request message - It is a command which Client sends to server which determines the content wants to access. Format - GET HTTP version Example- GET /index.html/hello.jpg HTTP/1.1 2. Response Message - The server send a response to client request if the requested content is available with it. Format - a) A status line which includes the status code and reason message (e.g., HTTP/1.1 200 OK, which indicates that the client\'s request succeeded). b) Response header fields (e.g., Content-Type: text/html). c) An optional message body. Example- No, HTML is not a part of HTTP Specification..

What is the role of HTTP What types of objects are transmitted in H.pdf

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What is the difference between a hash in perl and a hashtable in Java? What are some concrete examples? Solution There are lot of differece between hash in perl and hashtable in java concrete Examples: 1) Insertion is done using a put method in java. It is done directly in perl In Java: data.put(\'John Paul\',45) In Perl; $data{\'John Paul\'} = 45; 2) In Java We have to specify datatypes of key and value before hand while defing the hashtable variable. It is not necessary in perl..

What is the difference between a hash in perl and a hashtable in Jav.pdf

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What are the specific linkages among immune surveillance, clonal selection, and lymph nodes? Solution Immune Surveillance - A hypothesis that the immune system perceives and pulverizes tumor cells that are continually emerging amid the life of the person. A body component by which early growths are recognized as being strange and are assaulted and typically pulverised. Immune Surveillance is a process in which a T cell-intervened handle without which tumor would be much ordinary. The immune sytem can distinguish and crush rising cancer cells since it perceives strange antigens on the cell surface as \'foreign substance\' or outsider. Since outside substances are typically risky to the body, the immune system is customised to demolish them. This consistent checking of the body for little tumors is immune surveillance. The immune surveillance of living body is known to work in the dismissal of tumor cells in people with inherited nonpolyposis colon growth, likewise called Lynch disorder. Those people acquire a broken DNA confound repair framework and as an outcome deliver numerous mutant proteins. At the point when such mutant proteins show up on the surface of tumor cells, they are perceived as foriegn and rejected. Tumors that do rise are those that have figured out how to sidestep the body\'s immune system. Lymph nodes are Bean Shaped and encapsulated antigen gathering tissues that channel lymph and permit lymphocytes to test antigens gained from skin, GI tract and respiratory tract - deliberately situated all through body, bolstered by reticular system of follicular DCs and macrophages - lymphocytes enter from blood crosswise over high endothelial venules and from the interconnected lymphatic vessels; B cells relocate to the cortex and immune system microorganisms move to paracortical area; plasma move to medulla and emit counter acting agent - DCs with antigen enter from lymphatic vessel; T cells and DCs reach each other the T cell tests the antigens in setting of the MHC on the DC; enacted T cells leaves lymph hubs and enter the blood to site of contamination. Clonal Selection - Clonal selecction is a hypothesis clarifying how the cells of the immune system deliver vast amounts of the correct counter acting agent at the ideal time, in the sense, at the point when the proper antigen is experienced. It suggests that there is a previous pool of lymphocytes i.e B cells comprising of various little subsets. Every subset conveys a one of a kind arrangement of surface counter acting agent atoms with its own specific restricting qualities. In the event that a cell experiences and ties the comparing antigen it is `selected\' – empowered to partition more than once and deliver a substantial clone of indistinguishable cells, all emitting the counter acting agent. The contribution of aide T cells is basic for actuation of the B cell. A type of clonal determination is additionally summoned to clarify the improvement of immunological resistance.

What are the specific linkages among immune surveillance, clonal sel.pdf

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True or False – Paraeducators provide direct or indirect instructional and other services to students under the supervision of a lead paraeducator. Solution it is true Roles And Responsibilities Of Paraeducators Over the years, the roles and responsibilities of paraeducators have become more complex and have expanded to include numerous aspects of the educational process for studentswith disabilities (Drecktrah, 2000; French & Pickett, 1997; Pickett, 1999). In practice, the dutiesof a paraeducator may include, but are not limited to: • providing direct and small group instruction • adapting and modifying curriculum • monitoring student behavior • communicating with parents and families (many believe this should not reflect the role of paraeducators) • performing clerical duties, and • providing personal care.

True or False –Paraeducators provide direct or indirect instructio.pdf

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The situation where \"the few who yell the loudest get heard\" Is referred to as the Multiple Choice special-interest effect. principal-agent problem. moral hazard problem. Solution Answer:- the situation where the few who yell the loudest gets heard is referred to as the Correct Answer:- Special interest effect Reason:- “the special interest effect,” explains why, over time, the legislative process tends to generate more expansive government..

The situation where the few who yell the loudest get heard Is ref.pdf

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\"Templated Binary Tree\" implementing function help ? I need to implement header file which i am working on. Void expandExternal and void preorder part : 1. Header File : #ifndef BINARYTREE_H #define BINARYTREE_H #include //////////////////////////////////// // Templated Node Interface /////////////////////////////////// template // base element type class Node { // a node of the tree public: Node() : elt(), par(NULL), left(NULL), right(NULL) { } // constructor private: E elt; // element value Node* par; // parent Node* left; // left child Node* right; // right child template friend class BinaryTree; template friend class Position; }; //////////////////////////////////// // Templated Binary Tree Interface /////////////////////////////////// template // base element type class BinaryTree { public: // public types //Defines a node position class Position { public: Position(Node * _v = NULL) : v(_v) { } // constructor //Returns the element at the position E& operator*() { return v->elt; } //Returns a Position object Position left() const // get left child { return Position(v->left); } //Returns a Position object Position right() const // get right child { return Position(v->right); } //Returns a Position object Position parent() const // get parent { return Position(v->par); } //Returns true or false bool isRoot() const // root of tree? { return v->par == NULL; } //Returns true or false bool isExternal() const // an external node? { return v->left == NULL && v->right == NULL; } //Returns true or false bool isInternal() const // an external node? { return ! isExternal(); } private: Node* v; template friend class BinaryTree; };//End Position class definition /* Position List type definition*/ typedef std::list PositionList; public: //Binary member functions BinaryTree() : _root(NULL), n(0) { } ~BinaryTree(); // The destructor need to properly deletes all nodes in the tree to prevent memory leaks. int size() const; // Returns and integer tof the number of nodes. bool empty() const; // Returns a true if the tree is empty else false. Position root() const; // Return the position of the root node. void addRoot(); // Creates and adds the initial root node to the tree this must be added first. void expandExternal(const Position& p); //Expands each external node with a left and right child that are empty. // What goes here? PositionList positions() const; // Returns a std:list of the nodes in the tree call preorder() function. void preorder(Node* v, PositionList& pl) const; // Traversal algorithm for the tree to populate the PositionList // What goes here? private: Node * _root; // pointer to the root int n; // number of nodes }; #endif Thank you Solution for the main function, try writing the code like this : struct Node{ Comparable element; Node *left; Node *right; Node(const Comparable & theElement, Node *lt, Node *rt ) : element( theElement ), left( lt ), right( rt ) {} }; // Node{} Node *root; Node * findMin( Node *t ) const; Node * findMax( Node *.

Templated Binary Tree implementing function help I need to im.pdf

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State if you agree or disagree with the question and comments made below and why? Does Maryland’s new social media campaign rule go far enough to validate who is posting the political information on social media? Maryland has begun a great new way of identifying political advertisers support of particular politicians. But, this may not do everything that it needs to do in order to validate who is behind the postings or what is the motivation of the poster. If a political poster wished to disguise themselves and pretend to support a particular candidate, he or she could easily tag the advertisement with the legally required statement but still not be affiliated with the campaign they are supporting. This law would need to be broadened to include campaign-assuming responsibility for monitoring or approving any post made in their name. In order to achieve this goal, campaigns would need huge numbers of paid and volunteer team members just to monitor social media. Otherwise, social media, such as Facebook and Twitter, would need to have to take more responsibility for the IP addresses they allow to advertise on their platforms. Since this is a new legal development, it will need to be fine-tuned in order to protect the public from scammers. Solution With the emergence of social media networking being used to advertising in every field, the same has been done by the political advertisers. With this grew the forgery in the posts that were made in the name of political parties. So Maryland levied this law in which the political advertisers will have to identify their political campaign material before posting it on social media and can post it following set rules and guidelines. In the above matter it is mentioned that these rules will not eradicate the issue of false advertising totally as the political poster can be disguised and pretend to support a particular candidate. Tagging the advertisement with a legally required statement can be done even though they may not be affiliated with the campaign they are showing support for. To overcome this forgery ways will have to be found out to monitor and approve any post made in the name of a candidate or party by the party or candidates. For this special team members will have to be hired to keep a monitoring eye on the posts on social media. Also the social media can help by keeping a track of all the IP addresses they allow for the advertisements done ussing their platforms. These steps are essential to be taken in the political advertising campaigns as they will help erasing the false advertising in the names of political parties and make social media a trusted and genuine platform for such advertising..

State if you agree or disagree with the question and comments made b.pdf

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A number of benefits that one might expect to see from using a database such as MySQL. List four of these benefits and in your own words describe the benefit. Solution Some of the benefits are: Heavily Supported: It supports software on a variety of platforms and operating systems including Windows, Linux, Novell NetWare, UNIX and more. Secure: It help solid data security layers to safeguard sensitive data from outside access. All passwords used to entry the MySQL database are encrypted. Fast: When compared to other database software MySQL is much agile in terms of performance, and users still have approach to all the required features they would through other database platforms. Data Storage is Scalable: MySQL can handle a overall file size limit of about 4GB, however, this can be enlarged to meet our needs – by as much as 8TB of data. Manages Memory: The database software has been shown to guide memory vastly well and prevents memory leaks which we might experience on a server where it’s not deployed..

A number of benefits that one might expect to see from using a datab.pdf

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QUESTION: If you look at the code, you\'ll see that we keep two lists, one to print the text in forward order, and one to print the text in reverse order. The forward one is using our empty add() function, so nothing gets put into it. You\'ll fix that, as well as modifiying insert() and erase(). The reverse on works by inserting always at the head of the list, like a Stack.Functions insert(), erase(), and add() must be modified so that if the last node of the list changes, List::last must change, as well. YOU JUST HAVE TO COMPLETE THE LIST.CPP FILE SO THAT IT PRINTS THE OUTPUT IN THE FORWARD ORDER.FINISH THE CODE ONLY IN LIST.CPP FILE AND OTHER FILES ARE JUST FOR REFERENCE. MORE INFORMATION AND HINTS ARE GIVEN IN THE COMMENTS IN LIST.CPP FILE. HINT: AFTER the existing code runs, there\'s an easy way to know if you just changed the last node in the list; if you did, it\'s time to update the \"last\" pointer. And remember that \'add\'-ing the first item is a special case. We could make a Linked List behave a lot like a Queue if it were really efficient to add a node at the end of the list, that is, without having to chase links from the head to the tail. So we will add another pointer to our List class that will always point at the last item in the list. Read the existing code carefully and understand how it works. The \"add\" function is now empty. If you run the file you should get an output that starts out like this: ?CURRENT LIST.CPP: CURRENT OUTPUT: MAIN.CPP FILE: LIST.H FILE: include list include Solution PROGRAM CODE: /* * List.cpp * * Created on: 29-Nov-2016 * Author: kasturi */ #include \"List.h\" #include #include #include using namespace std; void List::insert(ElemetType item, int position) { Node * predptr = first; for(int i=1; i< position && predptr && predptr->next; i++) { predptr = predptr->next; } Node * newptr = new Node; newptr->payload = item; if(!predptr) { newptr->next = 0; first = newptr; } else if(position == 0) { newptr->next = first; first = newptr; } else { newptr->next = predptr->next; predptr->next = newptr; } } void List::erase(int position) { Node * predptr = first; for(int i=1; inext; i++) { predptr = predptr->next; } if(!predptr) { } else if(position == 1) { first = predptr->next; delete predptr; } else { Node *ptr = predptr->next; predptr->next = ptr->next; delete ptr; } } void List::display(ostream& ostr) { Node * ptr = last; //changed the display function to print the first while(ptr) { ostr<payload<next; } } List::List() { first = 0; last = 0; } List::~List() { while(first) { Node *nxt = first->next; delete first; first = nxt; } } void List::add(ElemetType item) { //added code to add values into the last node Node * predptr = last; Node *newptr = new Node; newptr->payload= item; while( predptr && predptr->next) { predptr = predptr->next; } if(!predptr) { newptr->next = 0; last = newptr; } else { newptr->next = predptr->next; predptr->next = newptr; } } OUTPUT: Forward: The quick brown fox jumped over the back.

QUESTION If you look at the code, youll see that we keep two list.pdf

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Question 11 What is the volume of 17.0 grams of carbon dioxide gas if.pdf

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Please help with this. program must be written in C# .. All of the game logic must be written in a seperate class using using an array that is passed in through a prperty that represents the game board. The class needs to have methods to determine of someone won, or if there was a tie, make sure all business logic is in a seperate class anot behind the UI.. ***** These are the complete in instructions for the game assignment design Create a Tic-Tac-Toe game that can be played by two players. The form will consist of a Tic- Tac-Toe board in which the users’ click on to choose their space. As the game is being played the Game Status section will tell whose turn it is. When someone wins or there is a tie, a message will be displayed in the Game status section telling the users the status. When someone wins the game the winning move needs to be indicated. There also needs to be a section that keeps track of the number of wins for each player, and the number of ties. When the game is finished the user may click the “Start Game” button to start a new game. This program will consist of the main form and at least one class that will define the rules of the game. This class will have an array that is passed in through a property that represents the game board. The class will then have methods within it that determines if someone won, if there is a tie, or if neither has occurred yet. Make sure all business logic is in a separate class and not behind the UI. EXTRA CREDIT (10 Points) Create a computer player that can be played against. The computer player will need to be smart enough to make a winning move or to block a winning move. Solution using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Drawing; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace Tic_Tac_Toe { /// /// Description of MainForm. /// public partial class MainForm : Form { Logic logicObj = new Logic(); public MainForm() { // // The InitializeComponent() call is required for Windows Forms designer support. // InitializeComponent(); // // TODO: Add constructor code after the InitializeComponent() call. // } int turn=1; int click1=0,click2=0,click3=0,click4=0,click5=0,click6=0,click7=0,click8=0,click9=0; int player1=0,player2=0; void Button1Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if(click1==0) { if(turn%2!=0) { button1.Text=\"X\"; click1++; } else { button1.Text=\"O\"; click1++; } turn++; } else { button1.Text=button1.Text; } display(); int a = logicObj.winLossFunc(button1.Text, button2.Text, button3.Text, button4.Text, button5.Text, button6.Text, button7.Text, button8.Text, button9.Text); if (a==1) { player1++; player1score.Text = player1.ToString(); cleargame(); } else if(a==2) { player2++; player2score.Text = player2.ToString(); cleargame(); } } void Button2Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if(click2==0) { if(turn%2!=0) { button2.Text=\"X\"; click2++; } else { button2.Text=\"O\"; click2++; } turn++; } else { button2.Text=button2.Text; } display(); int a = logicObj.winLossFunc(button1.Text, b.

Please help with this. program must be written in C# .. All of the g.pdf

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Match the enzyme activity in DNA synthesis with its function. DNA pol III (_) fragments Helicase (_) Primase (_) using template strand DNA pol I (_) double helix DNA ligase (_) adds nucleotides Topoisomerase (_) primer A. anneals DNA B. relieves overwinding C. adds nucleotides D. unwinds parental E. removes RNA primer, F. adds a short RNA 10 Proofreading and repair of the DNA double helix does NOT involves a. detecting a mis-match in base pairs. b. removing the mis-match with a nuclease. c. annealing the Okazaki fragments together with DNA ligase. d. repairing the mis-match with polymerase. e. annealing the edited DNA with the rest of the molecule with ligase. Solution 4. DNA Pol III- (C)- DNA polymerase III is the primary enzyme involved in DNA replication which adds nucleotides to the 3\' end of the forming DNA strand during replication. 5. Helicase- (D)- Helicases are enzymes that separates double-stranded DNA into single strands allowing each strand to be copied. 6. Primase- (F)- Primase functions by synthesizing short RNA sequences that are complementary to a single-stranded DNA. 7. DNA Pol I- (E)- DNA polymerase-I fills in the necessary nucleotides between the Okazaki fragments in a 5\'3\' direction. 8. DNA ligase- (A)- DNA ligases are essential for the joining of DNA fragments during replication. 9. Topoisomerase- (B)-Topoisomerases are enzymes that participate in the overwinding or underwinding of DNA. 10. Okazaki fragments are only formed during DNA replication and not observed during DNA proof reading and repair. Therefore answer is (C).

Match the enzyme activity in DNA synthesis with its function. DNA po.pdf

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Introduction to Engineering Experimentation Surface temperature conduction error of a thermal probe...(more than one answer may be correct) a. is systematic b. is random c. will produce a lower reading (assuming the surface is hotter than the surroundings) d. will produce a higher reading Solution answer is C and D. Systematic errors are situation dependent. sometimes poor probe design or bad installation can easily give a system significant temperature reading errors..

Introduction to Engineering ExperimentationSurface temperature con.pdf

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