2. Short Vowels
The most common sound for each vowel is its “short” sound:
• ă, pronounced /æ/ as in apple, ant, cat, jam, pan, or mat,
• ĕ, pronounced /ɛ/ as in elephant, egg, net, pen, or met,
• ĭ, pronounced /ɪ/ as in insect, pin, igloo, inchworm, pig, fish or mitt,
• ŏ, pronounced /ɒ/ as in octopus, ostrich, upon, motto, ox, or dog
• and ŭ, pronounced /ʌ/ as in umbrella, under, bus, rug, pun, or mutt.
/äktəpəs/
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3. Long Vowels
The alphabet sounds (when the vowel “says its name”) are called “long vowels.”
We call them ‘long’ because we hold them longer than the short sounds, but they
are completely different sounds-- not a longer version of the same sound.
•Long A (ā ), pronounced /eɪ/ as in ate, ape, apron, game, baby or mate,
•Long E (ē ), pronounced /iː/ as in eat, eel, eagle, bee, leaf or meat (or meet or
mete-- all pronounced the same),
•Long I (ī), pronounced /aɪ/ as in mite, ice cream, iron, bike, fire or might,
•Long O (ō), pronounced /oʊ/ as in oats, overalls, oval, robe, rose, mote or moat
•Long U (ū), pronounced /juː/ in mute, unicorn, uniform, ruler, tube.
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4. Cardinal Numbers Ordinal Numbers
1 through 10
one [wʌn] first [fəːst]
two [tuː] second [ˈsɛk(ə)nd]
three [θriː] third [θəːd]
four [fɔː] fourth [fɔːθ]
five [fʌɪv] fifth [fɪfθ]
six [sɪks] sixth [sɪksθ]
seven [ˈsɛv(ə)n] seventh [ˈsɛv(ə)nθ]
eight [eɪt] eighth [eɪtθ]
nine [nʌɪn] ninth [nʌɪnθ]
ten [tɛn] tenth [tɛnθ]
Numbers
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