WCRP_IGOS_Cryo_VRyabinin

1. 30.11.2006, Fairbanks, AK, IARC
17.01.2007, WMO HQs, Geneva, Switzerland, IPY STG-I
(Vladimir Ryabinin, WCRP)
WCRP and IGOS-Cryosphere
Scientific and Observational
Requirements:
Food for Thought for STG

2. 17.01.2007, WMO HQs, Geneva, Switzerland, IPY STG-I
Objectives
♦ To determine the predictability of climate
♦ To determine the effect of human activities on climate
Sponsors:
World Meteorological Organization (WMO, since1980),
International Council for Science (ICSU, since 1980), and
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of
UNESCO (since 1993)

3. WGNE
CCMAC (WGCM)
WGSF
SOLAS 2001 ->
WCRP
Observation
Assimilation
Panel
WCRP
Modelling
Panel
CliC 2000 
GEWEX 1988 
CLIVAR 1995  SPARC 1992
Task Forces
Coordinated Observation and
Prediction of the Earth System

4. WGNE
CCMAC (WGCM)
WGSF
SOLAS 2001 ->
WCRP
Observation
Assimilation
Panel
WCRP
Modelling
Panel
CliC 2000 
GEWEX 1988 
CLIVAR 1995  SPARC 1992
Coordinated Observation and
Prediction of the Earth System
2(2) 14(17)
15(17)
8(8) 2(3) 2(2)
IGBP 3(5), WMO 6(11), SCAR 25(30)

5. 17.01.2007, WMO HQs, Geneva, Switzerland, IPY STG-I
IPY Proposals Directly Related to CC science

6. 17.01.2007, WMO HQs, Geneva, Switzerland, IPY STG-I
WCRP-affiliated IPY proposals (33)

7. 17.01.2007, WMO HQs, Geneva, Switzerland, IPY STG-I
Main domains of WCRP interests
as expressed in IPY proposals
 Climate in general , its evolution
 Meteorology and metobs
 Cryosphere (ice cheets, ice shelves, glaciers,
permafrost, frozen soil, icebergs, sea ice,
snow, solid precip)
 Hydrology, hydrological cycle
 Polar oceans: T/S regime, currents, level
 Ocean – atmosphere fluxes, interaction
 Biogeochemistry, aerosols, carbon cycle
 Observing (networks), modelling, forecasting

8. 17.01.2007, WMO HQs, Geneva, Switzerland, IPY STG-I
WCRP-synthetisised requirement
for IPY snapshot
A polar snapshot
with main focus on the physical climate system
encompassing the total column from the surface
through troposphere and stratosphere to mesosphere
including oceans, land, all elements of cryosphere,
hydrology at the surface,
standard meteorology, hydrological cycle,
aerosols, and radiatively important constituencies
in the atmosphere,
having in mind parameters needed for resolving
dynamics and fluxes between various domains
+ legacy !

9. 17.01.2007, WMO HQs, Geneva, Switzerland, IPY STG-I
Potential additional (vs WMO set and
SCOBS analysis) sources of specific
requirements for observations
Polar snapshot: GIIPSY + CEOS constellations concept
Climate system: GCOS and recent GCOS/CEOS reports
Surface,oceans: IAOOS(14), Damocles(40), CASO (132)
Surface,land: IGOS-Cryosphere Theme report + GTOS
Cryosphere: IGOS-Cryosphere Theme report
Hydrology: Arctc HYDRA (140) + river altimetry
Meteorology: Thorpex(121) , Antarctic met (267),
Arctic Reanalysis (lead Mark Serreze, NSIDC), SPARC
Hydrological cycle in atmosphere:
CEOP(418, not endorsed but it is a mistake!)
Aerosols and atmospheric chemistry: IGACO
Dynamics and fluxes: Seaflux (GEWEX), GlobIce;
fluxes (esp. Polar) are a problem, in principle
Comparison
of NCEP and SOC
latent heat flux climatologies

10. 17.01.2007, WMO HQs, Geneva, Switzerland, IPY STG-I
How WCRP will likely use the snapshot
data in the future?
Process studies, MIPs and model validation:
SIOMIP, ArcMIP, ICARP modelling projects etc. & etc.
ReAnalysis: meteorological ->
ocean ->
cryosphere ->
chemistry ->
fluxes, precipitation, climate system
Reprocessing,
WOAP
OSSEs
Change assessment, as a benchmark

11. 30.11.2006, Fairbanks, AK, IARC
17.01.2007, WMO HQs, Geneva, Switzerland, IPY STG-I

12. 17.01.2007, WMO HQs, Geneva, Switzerland, IPY STG-I
– Integrated Global Observing Strategy-Partnership
(IGOS-P), 13 international and UN organizations;
– Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
(CEOS), 45 space agencies and Earth observation
data users operating more than 100 satellites;
– Group on Earth Observations (GEO) and
the Global Earth Observing System of Systems
(GEOSS)
Main Earth observation
coordination consortia
opens the door to the

13. 17.01.2007, WMO HQs, Geneva, Switzerland, IPY STG-I
Integrated Global Observing Strategy
(IGOS) Partnership
WMO
UN Organisations
Global Observing Systems
International science support
and coordination programs
Committee on Earth
Observing Satellites

14. 17.01.2007, WMO HQs, Geneva, Switzerland, IPY STG-I
• Idea to prepare a report approved by IGOSP
• Report
• Its review by the community
• Approved Report (by CEOS SIT and IGOS Partnership)
• Implementation
What is an IGOS Theme ?
IGOS Themes
WATER
OCEANS CARBON Atm. Chem.
COASTAL
GEOHAZARDS
LAND COVER
CRYOSPHERE
UNDER DEVELOPMENT
APPROVED
GEODESY
CONSIDERED
HEALTH

15. 17.01.2007, WMO HQs, Geneva, Switzerland, IPY STG-I
Cryosphere
• is undergoing dramatic changes,
mostly as a consequence of climate
change, and provides best
indicators for it
• is one of the most under-sampled
elements within the climate system
• is important (water, climate,
transport, etc.)
• User-requirement product driven
• Has a ~10 year time frame
• Goal 1: resources for observations
• Goal 2: stronger commitment by
observing system operators to
sustain the observing system
• Goal 3: better coordination
Approved by IGOSP-11,
Rome, Italy, 27 May 2004
Team:
Jeff Key (Chair)
Mark Drinkwater (Vice-Chair)
Don Hinsman (link to IGOSP)
Ken Jezek and ~ 50 contributors
from 14 countries

16. 17.01.2007, WMO HQs, Geneva, Switzerland, IPY STG-I
development
website:
(designed and
run by J. Key)
http://igos-cryosphere.org/

17. 17.01.2007, WMO HQs, Geneva, Switzerland, IPY STG-I
Report
Preface – to be rewritten
Foreword
Executive Summary – to be amended
1. The Cryosphere Theme
2. Applications of Cryospheric Data
3. Terrestrial Snow
4. Sea Ice
5. Lake and River Ice
6. Ice Sheets
7. Glaciers and Ice Caps
8. Surface Temperature and Albedo of Snow and Ice
9. Permafrost and Seasonally Frozen Ground
10. Solid Precipitation
11. An Integrated and Coordinated Observing System
12. Implementation
App. A. References
App. B. Observational Capabilities and Requirements
App. C. Satellite Missions in Support of the Cryosphere Theme
App. D. Acronyms
App. E. Contributors
App. F. Web Sites for Further Information

18. 17.01.2007, WMO HQs, Geneva, Switzerland, IPY STG-I
Chs 3-10 on cryospheric elements
Short intro: role in Earth system,
variability, scales, etc.
Status of spaceborne,
airborne and in situ observations
Shortcomings, gaps, problems
Concise element-specific
recommendations
Terrestrial Snow
Sea Ice
Lake and River Ice
Ice Sheets
Glaciers and Ice Caps
Surface Temperature
and Albedo of Snow and Ice
Permafrost and Seasonally
Frozen Ground
Solid Precipitation

19. 17.01.2007, WMO HQs, Geneva, Switzerland, IPY STG-I
Appendix B

20. 17.01.2007, WMO HQs, Geneva, Switzerland, IPY STG-I
Ch 3: Terrestrial Snow
Intro, status, shortcomings, recommendations:
1. A plan for surface-based snow-observation networks to be developed:
national -> international level
consistency: observation methods, reporting standards; improved exchange of data
Considerably improved metadata for snow observations are needed.
2. The capability of satellite observations to be improved:
support of new systems (e.g., E-GPM/CGPM and CloudSat for solid precipitation)
support of algorithm development
high-frequency (Ku, X-band) SAR a priority for global SWE
3. Priority to algorithms and new sensors for SWE under a wide range of vegetation conditions.
4. Techniques to merge in situ measurements and satellite retrievals:
targeted field projects for snow, its albedo and surface temperature in multiple
environments, “Super Sites”
5. Integrated multi-sensor data fusion and global analysis systems that blend snow observations
from all sources and produce consistent high-resolution analyses of (at a minimum): 1) the
extent of snow cover, 2) snow depth, 3) SWE, and 4) snow wetness using improved
algorithms for the objective, optimal combination of snow observations from widely disparate
sources, also addressing both mass and energy considerations of snow models.
Plan to be developed
Perspective missions, needs outlined
Specific areas of activities proposed
Most important products identified
Methodology proposed

21. 17.01.2007, WMO HQs, Geneva, Switzerland, IPY STG-I
Ch 11: An Integrated and Coordinated System (1)
Satellite remote sensing
1. SAR
2. InSAR
3. PM
4. Altimetry
5. Radar Scatterometry
6. VIS to Thermal IR
7. Gravity
8. Ground control
9. Major Gaps (mostly NPOESS)
Airborne observations
Ground based observations
Modelling,
Data Assimilation,
Reanalysis

22. 17.01.2007, WMO HQs, Geneva, Switzerland, IPY STG-I
Ch 11: An Integrated and Coordinated System (2)
Data and Information Management:
Need to have common means to
view data, see gaps, combine /
overlay data, process data jointly,
etc., etc.
GIS: Virtual globes by GeoVirtual, Google
Earth, NASA World Wind, ESRI ArcGIS
Explorer, Skyline's TerraSuite,
and many more…
Challenge for IGOS Themes,
need for a joint approach
(GeoVirtual)

23. 17.01.2007, WMO HQs, Geneva, Switzerland, IPY STG-I
Ch 11: An Integrated and Coordinated System (3)
Integrated near-real time products: CEOP-like approach
Data
Integrating/Archiving
Center at the University
of Tokyo and JAXA
of Japan
Model Output Data Archiving
Center at the World Data
Center for Climate, Max-Planck
Institute for Meteorology
of Germany
In-Situ Data Archiving
Center at the University
Corporation for Atmospheric
Research
of USA
More stations
Some stations
Cryo Obs
Cryo Models
Cryo Products!
Joint with IGWCO, built
around snow and precip

24. 17.01.2007, WMO HQs, Geneva, Switzerland, IPY STG-I
Ch 11: An Integrated and Coordinated System (4)
Related polar observing systems: Southern Ocean
CLIVAR, CliC, SCAR, …
CASO iAOOS
IASC, AOSB, CliC, … CliC, Arctic-HYCOS
Arctic-HYDRA

25. 17.01.2007, WMO HQs, Geneva, Switzerland, IPY STG-I
Ch 12: Implementation (1)
Many partners (international, regional, national): ~ 30
Cryospheric community of practice
Links within IGOS and IGOS Themes:
There is no mechanism yet for combining domain–specific
requirements for observations and proposing to observing
system operators (e.g. satellite agencies) requirements for
missions, sensors and their characteristics which would be
optimal and acceptable for all Themes
Implementation of CryOS as a stand-alone system (a new
observing system ??!!) will be nonsensical. Integration of
IGOS Themes (with help of GEO?) is needed.

26. 17.01.2007, WMO HQs, Geneva, Switzerland, IPY STG-I
Ch 12: Implementation (2)
General recommendation by IGOS-Cryo to IGOS:
In-situ and airborne:
complementary work of observing stations, platforms,
an inventory required (first step – IPY legacy)
Space:
strengthen inter-agency coordination
(one of first steps made by CEOS/GCOS wrt UNFCCC),
from virtual to real constellations – GIIPSY, SAR
Interoperability, resource sharing:
GIS, “virtual globes”, GRID - IPY DIS is heading towards this

27. 17.01.2007, WMO HQs, Geneva, Switzerland, IPY STG-I
Way forward
Open review: deadline 15 January 2007, work is about to
start on incorporating comments received
Major flaw to resolve ASAP:
ice shelves, also missing in the GIIPSY plans!
Submission to CEOS and IGOS – March, April 2007
Approval expected at the end of May 2007
Printing: June 2007
Implementation Phases:
1: 2007-2009, IPY, e.g. GIIPSY
2: 2010-2015
3: After 2015