The document describes a case study of using the Six Sigma DMADV model to design a new dormitory concept at the University of Miami. It summarizes the Define, Measure, and Analyze phases of the project. In the Define phase, the team established the business case, risks, benefits and costs, formed the project team, developed a project plan and charter. In the Measure phase, the team segmented the market, designed and conducted a Kano survey to identify critical quality characteristics. The Analyze phase involved determining customer requirements through Quality Function Deployment. The overall goal of the project was to design high-class on-campus housing to increase student retention and the university's national ranking.
This case describes a Six Sigma project undertaken by Morgan Systems, Inc. to improve its quarterly financial reporting process. The project uses the Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) model of Six Sigma. In the Define stage, the team created a problem statement noting too many hours were spent on quarter-end financial schedules. The goal statement aimed to reduce these hours. In Measure, the team quantified baseline performance and established cycle time goals. Analysis found a process sigma level of 1.35, indicating room for improvement. Tools like a cause-and-effect diagram identified possible root causes of excessive cycle time.
A Thesis-Based Option For Enhancing Pedagogy In Engineering Economy At The Gr...Leslie Schulte
This document describes a work in progress that proposes enhancing engineering economics pedagogy through a thesis-based option. It discusses challenges with traditional classroom teaching of engineering economics, such as not engaging with real-world complexities. The work presents a case study approach through a student thesis that analyzes economic aspects of a public sector project. Preliminary results suggest this thesis option better engages students and enhances their understanding of engineering economics, especially for government projects which involve non-financial benefits. The specific problem addressed is evaluating such projects given their lack of traditional financial metrics like profit. A new evaluation methodology is suggested.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Built Environment BSc Architectural Design & Technology BSc Buildi.docxchestnutkaitlyn
Built Environment
BSc Architectural Design & Technology BSc Building Surveying
BSc Construction Project Management BSc Quantity Surveying
Procurement and Administration
Coursework
Submission Deadline: Friday 24
th
April 16:00hrs
This assessment contributes 50% of the marks for the above module. 4000 word limit
1. BRIEF
1.1 About You
You are employed by the GMSA as independent construction procurement professional for this project.
1.2 Background
The Greater Manchester Strategic Alliance (GMSA) is a partnership of universities, colleges, work based learning providers and other stakeholders who collectively deliver a Lifelong Learning Network (LLN) and promotes the progression of vocational learners into Higher Education. GMSA have identified within their strategic plan for 2014 - 2019, the opportunities presented by recent government commitment to fund a significant increase in the delivery of Higher Apprenticeships. As a result, GMSA are consulting on the viability of a new "Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre" situated alongside the M62 Corridor in Greater Manchester. The centre will draw on the specialist skills of both the four Greater Manchester universities together with a series of local colleges
1
including those in Rochdale, Oldham and Bury together with leading business organisations located in the Greater Manchester area.
Important features of the development to note:
10 storey, 30,000m
2
main building including 3 250 seat lecture theatres,
30 seminar rooms, a central catering facility, Coffee shop styled area,
office accommodation and student support areas.
2 storey, 5.000m
2
‘advanced engineering’ centre, providing specialist
engineering laboratory and workshop facilities.
4 Storey, 8,000m
2
central learning centre, providing student services
including open access rooms, silent study areas, group study rooms and a
library facility
External works including infrastructure development.
The Client requires the building to be carbon neutral. In addition, to illustrate both aspirations of both Central Government and the GMSA the facility should make a clear architectural statement and must be constructed to the highest aesthetic and qualitative standards. Value for money given the current economic climate is also a key consideration.
The budget to cover the total development cost, inclusive of construction works, external works, statutory and professional fees is estimated to be £71 million. The completion date is critical, as the building requires handover by August 2017 at the very latest, to accommodate the new academic year.
Title to the land is currently under negotiation. As the scheme forms part of the
‘Northern Power House’
vision, public funding (provided by the Department of Education) has been approved. Who will operate the facility on completion is yet to be decided.
1.3 Assessment Requirements
Task 1 (word limit 3000):
GMSA have commissioned you to recommend the most app.
The document provides details about two case studies - the construction of an assisted living facility by Friendly Medical Center and a project selection analysis for Handstar Inc. For Friendly Medical Center, the key constraints for the project are an estimated cost of $8.5-11 million, a 7-8 month time frame, and building a 100-unit assisted living facility. The project is expected to financially benefit Friendly Medical Center. For Handstar Inc., using net present value and weighted factor scoring, the recommended projects are an application for web browsing, a trip planner app, integrating a calendar with email, and enhancing an existing portfolio app. Hiring additional software engineers is justified based on the potential benefits of completing additional high value
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
help.mbaassignments@gmail.com
or
call us at : 08263069601
This case describes a Six Sigma project undertaken by Morgan Systems, Inc. to improve its quarterly financial reporting process. The project uses the Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) model of Six Sigma. In the Define stage, the team created a problem statement noting too many hours were spent on quarter-end financial schedules. The goal statement aimed to reduce these hours. In Measure, the team quantified baseline performance and established cycle time goals. Analysis found a process sigma level of 1.35, indicating room for improvement. Tools like a cause-and-effect diagram identified possible root causes of excessive cycle time.
A Thesis-Based Option For Enhancing Pedagogy In Engineering Economy At The Gr...Leslie Schulte
This document describes a work in progress that proposes enhancing engineering economics pedagogy through a thesis-based option. It discusses challenges with traditional classroom teaching of engineering economics, such as not engaging with real-world complexities. The work presents a case study approach through a student thesis that analyzes economic aspects of a public sector project. Preliminary results suggest this thesis option better engages students and enhances their understanding of engineering economics, especially for government projects which involve non-financial benefits. The specific problem addressed is evaluating such projects given their lack of traditional financial metrics like profit. A new evaluation methodology is suggested.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Built Environment BSc Architectural Design & Technology BSc Buildi.docxchestnutkaitlyn
Built Environment
BSc Architectural Design & Technology BSc Building Surveying
BSc Construction Project Management BSc Quantity Surveying
Procurement and Administration
Coursework
Submission Deadline: Friday 24
th
April 16:00hrs
This assessment contributes 50% of the marks for the above module. 4000 word limit
1. BRIEF
1.1 About You
You are employed by the GMSA as independent construction procurement professional for this project.
1.2 Background
The Greater Manchester Strategic Alliance (GMSA) is a partnership of universities, colleges, work based learning providers and other stakeholders who collectively deliver a Lifelong Learning Network (LLN) and promotes the progression of vocational learners into Higher Education. GMSA have identified within their strategic plan for 2014 - 2019, the opportunities presented by recent government commitment to fund a significant increase in the delivery of Higher Apprenticeships. As a result, GMSA are consulting on the viability of a new "Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre" situated alongside the M62 Corridor in Greater Manchester. The centre will draw on the specialist skills of both the four Greater Manchester universities together with a series of local colleges
1
including those in Rochdale, Oldham and Bury together with leading business organisations located in the Greater Manchester area.
Important features of the development to note:
10 storey, 30,000m
2
main building including 3 250 seat lecture theatres,
30 seminar rooms, a central catering facility, Coffee shop styled area,
office accommodation and student support areas.
2 storey, 5.000m
2
‘advanced engineering’ centre, providing specialist
engineering laboratory and workshop facilities.
4 Storey, 8,000m
2
central learning centre, providing student services
including open access rooms, silent study areas, group study rooms and a
library facility
External works including infrastructure development.
The Client requires the building to be carbon neutral. In addition, to illustrate both aspirations of both Central Government and the GMSA the facility should make a clear architectural statement and must be constructed to the highest aesthetic and qualitative standards. Value for money given the current economic climate is also a key consideration.
The budget to cover the total development cost, inclusive of construction works, external works, statutory and professional fees is estimated to be £71 million. The completion date is critical, as the building requires handover by August 2017 at the very latest, to accommodate the new academic year.
Title to the land is currently under negotiation. As the scheme forms part of the
‘Northern Power House’
vision, public funding (provided by the Department of Education) has been approved. Who will operate the facility on completion is yet to be decided.
1.3 Assessment Requirements
Task 1 (word limit 3000):
GMSA have commissioned you to recommend the most app.
The document provides details about two case studies - the construction of an assisted living facility by Friendly Medical Center and a project selection analysis for Handstar Inc. For Friendly Medical Center, the key constraints for the project are an estimated cost of $8.5-11 million, a 7-8 month time frame, and building a 100-unit assisted living facility. The project is expected to financially benefit Friendly Medical Center. For Handstar Inc., using net present value and weighted factor scoring, the recommended projects are an application for web browsing, a trip planner app, integrating a calendar with email, and enhancing an existing portfolio app. Hiring additional software engineers is justified based on the potential benefits of completing additional high value
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
help.mbaassignments@gmail.com
or
call us at : 08263069601
Archives of Business Administration and Management.pdfMandy Brown
This document discusses defining success with the lean startup methodology. It reviews literature related to lean startup and success, finding nine contributions but only one that meets rigor standards. Key questions are raised around how to define and measure lean startup success. The document proposes two potential study ideas, using organizational learning and performance management lenses, to investigate relationships between lean startup processes and success.
Determining the Mathematical ROI of a Project Management Office (PMO) Impleme...Ricardo Viana Vargas
The objective of this paper is to present, discuss and apply a mathematical model based on the use of Monte Carlo simulation in conjunction with researches on project success/failure rates of projects to develop a 10 step model to calculate the mathematical return on investment (ROI) for the Project Office implementation.
Running Head: PRIOTIZING PROECTS
PRIOTIZING PROECTS 5
Prioritizing Projects
Student’s Name
Professor’s Name
Course Title
Date
D.D. Williamson is a company that manufactures natural and artificial caramel food colors for the food industry on a daily basis. Founded in 1865, it has been operating ten manufacturing plants as of date in six countries around the world (Nixon, 2010).
Q.1 Analyze the prioritizing process at D. D. Williamson
For a long time, the company has maintained it position in being successful in its business operations as well as undergoing the test of time by existing for more than 150 years currently in its 152nd. Though this is so, all this did not come on a silver platter. It has been successful in many ventures but initially lacked the ability to manage projects successfully without setbacks.
In this paper, we will be able to look at various actions that D.D. Williamson took such as prioritizing projects in order to be successful. During the case study, we are able to see the company experiencing trouble when trying to handle projects and innovations forcing them to make a move backwards and determine the cause of their failure in making the projects successful. According to the findings, poor prioritization of projects was the main problem and catalyst for failure. For instance, prioritizing less meaningful projects to those that would have had a major impact on the company’s success, resulting in implementation of these less meaningful projects prior to the large impacting projects. Their poor prioritization and disorganization led to minor projects going over-board in terms of budget thus probability of many missed opportunities that would utilized the excess cash that was lost in implementation of the less meaningful projects. So as to come up with a remedy that would help them better select the projects that were more useful to the organization, they devised a plan and process that would bring success to the company and facilitate prioritization and implementation of the most essential projects to the company.
This plan and process involved creation of a project management team that was solely responsible for the effectiveness and success of a project by determining the expense/value and the setting of the project, and taking control of the project from its implementation to its exhibition (Nkomo, 2012).
From the well-rounded project management workforce formed, D. D. Williamson also benefited since the management team worked together to manage the projects based on set criteria such as urgency of each project, the allocated budget / resource allocation and the timing taken for completion.
As time went by, the creation of the project management team didn’t seem to be the sole solution to the success of the projects since there were still ...
United States Bankruptcy Law And Java Methods AnswersAmanda Burkett
This document compares and contrasts the monetary and banking systems of Japan and the United States. Some key similarities include both countries issuing paper currency and coins, and establishing central banking authorities to oversee monetary policy. Differences include Japan initially adopting the yen while the US used various currencies before establishing the dollar, and Japan's banks traditionally being more involved in corporate governance compared to the US system that separates commercial and investment banking.
The main recommendation is an accessible (and inexpensive) overview of the topic from the Harvard Business Essentials line of brief paperbacks; the alternative, a multidimensional case on mentoring.
SWOT analysis is a tool used to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats involved in a business or project. It involves analyzing internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external opportunities and threats. The document then discusses using SWOT analysis to evaluate an MBA program, identifying several strengths of the program including its comparative scale, increasing enrollment numbers, graduates obtaining dual concentrations, high perception by school counselors, improved graduate satisfaction, placement of graduates, undergraduate students continuing to the MBA program, and growth and diversity in MBA enrollment.
1Grand Canyon UniversityInstructor Name MIS-652 BusinesEttaBenton28
1
Grand Canyon University
Instructor Name:
MIS-652 Business Process Analysis
December 1, 2021
Introduction
Cummins is a global engine manufacturer that also designs and manufactures turbochargers for engine applications. Cummins Turbocharger is the market leader in medium and heavy-duty car applications worldwide.
The Process and Relevant Data Comment by Seon A Levius: Since you are using “Cummins” in this section, you need to pinpoint some process problem with data issues for optimization. The optimization or improvement can be for both the process and technology.
Prototype - A Model of the Construction Process: The organization's prototyping process is ineffective and results in a lengthier lead time in comparison to client needs. According to data from the last six months, the average lead time for proto-sample building is approaching 12 days, rather than the five days requested by the customer.
Process Improvement Methods Comment by Seon A Levius: In this section you will basically explain how you will improve the process problem you identified above. This is basically the articulation of your solution (which must for this case include technology optimization). Also, how will you evaluate it.
You mentioned Six Sigma as the tool to enhance the process. But that is not what we want here. Six Sigma can be the tool you used to evaluate the proposed solution to the problem you identified.
So, in this sense, I didn’t see any articulation about how you will evaluate your improvements to ensure, they are efficient and effective.
For example, Six Sigma can be used as the process improvement method. The Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control (DMAIC) sub-methodology within Six Sigma can be helpful in defining the details of the future state process and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) that the future state process should be able to meet.
Other methods in our reading this week that can be explored includes PDCA (Plan Do Check Act).
Six Sigma is a technique for process improvement. Six sigma methodology is being designed for process improvement and the implementation of six sigma tools in order to correctly assess the process and achieve improvement (Thomas, et al., 2017)
The following format explains the problem statement and execution of the process improvement method.
Problem Statement
Articulate your problem statement here
Problem Statement Worksheet
Original problem or focus question
The lead time for the proto sample process is longer than anticipated by the customer.
12 days rather than 5.
Stakeholders who are most affected by the problem
The Customer prototyping team and the Company program management team are the most impacted by this issue.
Type of Problem
Problems with resources and processes Comment by Seon A Levius: Technology has to be one of the problems
Suspected cause of the problem
Suspected reasons based on the cross functional team's root cause analysis are as follows.
1.Because the process is dependent ...
Organizational diagnosis has been identified as a significant issue in terms of organizational change and organizational development (Leech, 2011). It has been noted by a number of researchers that management of change in organization involves the consideration of three key questions of what (the content related to initiation of change), how (the process for initiation of change) and why (the reasons for initiation of change). Organizational diagnosis further covers a number of aspects, and hence, is given huge significance from the perspective of organizational change (Worley, 2014). It is a method used for analysis of organization while identifying the shortcomings of organization for neutralizing them by the initiation of organizational change. This report will cover the concepts related to organizational change management and diagnostic process, referring to the case study provided. It has been anticipated in the case study that the newly established School of Business across the All Star University will have to consider reducing its work force by 20 per cent if the proposed guidelines of budget are met.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
I need help with the Old State University Case.docxwrite4
Dean Blake, the new dean of Old State University's business school, is pursuing a prospector strategy focused on non-traditional markets like adult learners and executive education programs. This strategy makes sense given demographic trends showing the traditional student population will decline. However, it is facing resistance from some faculty accustomed to teaching traditional students. Dean Blake plans to address this by prioritizing the hiring of new faculty supportive of the strategic changes and aligning performance reviews and salaries with the new strategic objectives.
I need help with the Old State University Case.docxsdfghj21
Dean Blake, the new dean of Old State University's business school, is pursuing a prospector strategy focused on non-traditional markets like adult learners and executive education programs. This strategy makes sense given demographic trends showing the traditional student population will decline. However, it is facing resistance from some faculty accustomed to teaching traditional students. Dean Blake plans to hire new faculty supportive of the strategic changes and link faculty performance to willingness to teach in new areas and programs. This is causing concern among some faculty about declining education quality and the introduction of non-academic criteria.
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
help.mbaassignments@gmail.com
or
call us at : 08263069601
This document summarizes 74 position papers submitted for an IBM conference on service science, management, and engineering education. It groups the papers into four categories: existing service-related courses and curricula, planned service-related courses and curricula, current service-related research, and planned service-related research. Under existing courses and curricula, it briefly describes programs at 22 universities. It then similarly outlines plans and proposals from 20 universities for new courses and curricula.
Teaching Business Students the Art and Science of Innovation.docxerlindaw
Teaching Business Students the Art and Science of Innovation
Dr. Uma G. Gupta, State University of New York at Buffalo State, NY, USA
ABSTRACT
Today the ability to innovate has become a core and sought after business competency. While innovation is often
taught in capstone business courses as a topic, this paper argues that the time is right to make innovation the central
theme in teaching strategic management. The McKinsey &Company framework is used to teach students the eight
essential ingredients of innovation and its execution. The opportunities to integrate previous knowledge about other
business functions into the teaching of innovation is outlined. The critical business lessons that can be imparted to
business students through the McKinsey framework is discussed.
Keywords: Strategic management curriculum, innovation, innovation framework, business competencies.
INTRODUCTION:
Strategic management is a capstone course in most undergraduate business degree programs in U.S. institutions. The
strategic management course integrates fundamental business concepts from accounting, finance, production, human
resources, marketing, and leadership and challenges students to apply these integrated concepts in order to leam how
to run a business. This gives students a deeper understanding of the many challenges that CEOs face in ensuring the
success and sustainability of their company in the face of rapid changes. They realize that while hindsight is easy,
consistent and high-quality execution is not.
One of the key factors today in ensuring the long-term success and sustainability of any business is the art and
science of innovation. The rise of the new economy, characterized by intense global competition, advanced
information technologies, a virtual 24x7 workforce, and an almost ubiquitous world of online business transactions
free of geographical boundaries, has made information, knowledge, and innovation integral and invaluable in
creating and managing sustainable competitive advantage. In other words, it is not enough if our students understand
the fundamental concepts of business and how to apply them to a business setting. Instead, today they should know
how to apply core business concepts through the lens of speed, innovation, and customer service. This paper focuses
on how to integrate the fundamentals of innovation into the strategic management curriculum.
There are at least three challenges in teaching innovation to undergraduate students.
1- What does it mean? Not only students, but business owners and leaders too, sometimes struggle to define
innovation in meaningful, concrete and operational terms, although many understand it intuitively. Words
such as creative, unique, transformation, revolution, etc. come to mind, but how can we teach students to
translate this into operational concepts that can be executed for the long-range success of a company?
2. Company size: Most students are familiar with the big br.
Pm0010 – interduction to project managementsmumbahelp
This document provides information about an assignment for a project management course. It includes 5 questions about key project management concepts like project scope, force field analysis, product mix analysis, social cost-benefit analysis, and corporate governance practices for infrastructure projects. It also includes a short question asking for notes on expert judgment, project audits, statistical quality control, and project termination. Students are instructed to send their semester and specialization details to a email address or phone number to receive fully solved assignments.
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
Call us at : 08263069601
G. DixonProfessor ButlerManagement ConceptsWeek 10 Discuss.docxhanneloremccaffery
The document discusses an assignment for a Principles of Marketing course. Students are asked to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of a business they are familiar with, and suggest two strategic marketing recommendations based on their analysis and what they learned in the course. The assignment will be graded based on criteria such as the quality of the analysis, logic/organization, and writing skills.
This document provides an overview and analysis of MBA programs. It discusses how MBA prestige has fallen as programs have adopted an irrelevant scientific research model over practical business skills. Costs have also increased dramatically without comparable salary increases. The document recommends gaining several years of work experience before pursuing an MBA to improve return on investment and make the curriculum more applicable. Not everyone needs an MBA, and entrepreneurs are better off pursuing their ambitions than delaying to get an MBA only to keep up with others.
sampleAs technology is constantly innovating, it has change on.docxtodd331
This document discusses strategies for implementing an agile method at an established company. It notes that it is difficult but some companies have been successful implementing agile in their IT and technology departments. When implementing agile, companies need to consider how much control to give employees, build structures around customer needs, and provide the right balance of oversight and autonomy. They also need to provide growth opportunities for employees to avoid them becoming too task-focused.
According to Davenport (2014) social media and health care are c.docxmakdul
Social media is collaborating with healthcare to meet the needs of providers and patients, and is moving toward using analytics to evaluate its value within healthcare. The document instructs the reader to research areas of social media that could benefit from an analytic model combining data and value-based analytics, then evaluate a resource by discussing five major social media stakeholder roles, whether social media could improve medical practice and provide rationale, and concluding with main points.
According to (Fatehi, Gordon & Florida, N.D.) theoretical orient.docxmakdul
According to (Fatehi, Gordon & Florida, N.D.) theoretical orientation represent styles of mind for understanding reality. This theoretical orientation can be organized as a continuum from theoretical constructs that are independent and concrete as with the Behavioral/ CBT theories, to theoretical constructs that are interdependent and abstract as with the Psychodynamic theories (Fatehi, Gordon & Florida, N.D.). Family systems and Humanistic/Existential are theoretical midpoints (Fatehi, Gordon & Florida, N.D.). Trait theory tends to focus on the premise that we are born with traits or characteristics that make us unique and explain our behaviors (Cervone& Pervin, 2019). For example, introversion, extroversion, shyness, agreeableness, kindness, etc. all these innate characteristics that we are born help to explain why we behave in a certain manner according to the situations we face, (Cervone& Pervin, 2019). Psychoanalytic perspective on the other hand focuses on childhood experiences and the unconscious mind which plays a role in our personality development, (Cervone& Pervin, 2019).
According to Freud, (Cervone& Pervin, 2019) our unconscious mind includes all our hidden desires and conflicts which form the root cause of our mental health issues or maladaptive behaviors. The main difference between these two perspectives is that trait theory helps to explain why we behave in a certain manner, whereas psychoanalytic theory only describes the personality and predicting behavior and not really explaining why we behave the way we do. There is no such evident similarity between the two perspectives, but kind of rely on underlying mechanisms to explain personality. Also, there is some degree of subjectivity present in both the perspectives. Trait theories involve subjectivity regarding interpretations of which can be considered as important traits that explain our behaviors, and psychoanalytic theory is subjective and vague in the concepts been used like the unconscious mind. My opinions accord with the visible contrasts between the two, one focused on internal features describing our behaviors in clearer words, whilst other concentrating on unconscious mind in anticipating behavior which is ambiguous and harder to grasp.
References
Cervone, D., & Pervin, L. A. (2019). Personality: Theory and research (14th ed.). Wiley.
Fatehi, M., Gordon, R. M., & Florida, O. A Meta-Theoretical Integration of Psychotherapy Orientations.
.
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Running Head: PRIOTIZING PROECTS
PRIOTIZING PROECTS 5
Prioritizing Projects
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Professor’s Name
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Date
D.D. Williamson is a company that manufactures natural and artificial caramel food colors for the food industry on a daily basis. Founded in 1865, it has been operating ten manufacturing plants as of date in six countries around the world (Nixon, 2010).
Q.1 Analyze the prioritizing process at D. D. Williamson
For a long time, the company has maintained it position in being successful in its business operations as well as undergoing the test of time by existing for more than 150 years currently in its 152nd. Though this is so, all this did not come on a silver platter. It has been successful in many ventures but initially lacked the ability to manage projects successfully without setbacks.
In this paper, we will be able to look at various actions that D.D. Williamson took such as prioritizing projects in order to be successful. During the case study, we are able to see the company experiencing trouble when trying to handle projects and innovations forcing them to make a move backwards and determine the cause of their failure in making the projects successful. According to the findings, poor prioritization of projects was the main problem and catalyst for failure. For instance, prioritizing less meaningful projects to those that would have had a major impact on the company’s success, resulting in implementation of these less meaningful projects prior to the large impacting projects. Their poor prioritization and disorganization led to minor projects going over-board in terms of budget thus probability of many missed opportunities that would utilized the excess cash that was lost in implementation of the less meaningful projects. So as to come up with a remedy that would help them better select the projects that were more useful to the organization, they devised a plan and process that would bring success to the company and facilitate prioritization and implementation of the most essential projects to the company.
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From the well-rounded project management workforce formed, D. D. Williamson also benefited since the management team worked together to manage the projects based on set criteria such as urgency of each project, the allocated budget / resource allocation and the timing taken for completion.
As time went by, the creation of the project management team didn’t seem to be the sole solution to the success of the projects since there were still ...
United States Bankruptcy Law And Java Methods AnswersAmanda Burkett
This document compares and contrasts the monetary and banking systems of Japan and the United States. Some key similarities include both countries issuing paper currency and coins, and establishing central banking authorities to oversee monetary policy. Differences include Japan initially adopting the yen while the US used various currencies before establishing the dollar, and Japan's banks traditionally being more involved in corporate governance compared to the US system that separates commercial and investment banking.
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1Grand Canyon UniversityInstructor Name MIS-652 BusinesEttaBenton28
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Grand Canyon University
Instructor Name:
MIS-652 Business Process Analysis
December 1, 2021
Introduction
Cummins is a global engine manufacturer that also designs and manufactures turbochargers for engine applications. Cummins Turbocharger is the market leader in medium and heavy-duty car applications worldwide.
The Process and Relevant Data Comment by Seon A Levius: Since you are using “Cummins” in this section, you need to pinpoint some process problem with data issues for optimization. The optimization or improvement can be for both the process and technology.
Prototype - A Model of the Construction Process: The organization's prototyping process is ineffective and results in a lengthier lead time in comparison to client needs. According to data from the last six months, the average lead time for proto-sample building is approaching 12 days, rather than the five days requested by the customer.
Process Improvement Methods Comment by Seon A Levius: In this section you will basically explain how you will improve the process problem you identified above. This is basically the articulation of your solution (which must for this case include technology optimization). Also, how will you evaluate it.
You mentioned Six Sigma as the tool to enhance the process. But that is not what we want here. Six Sigma can be the tool you used to evaluate the proposed solution to the problem you identified.
So, in this sense, I didn’t see any articulation about how you will evaluate your improvements to ensure, they are efficient and effective.
For example, Six Sigma can be used as the process improvement method. The Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control (DMAIC) sub-methodology within Six Sigma can be helpful in defining the details of the future state process and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) that the future state process should be able to meet.
Other methods in our reading this week that can be explored includes PDCA (Plan Do Check Act).
Six Sigma is a technique for process improvement. Six sigma methodology is being designed for process improvement and the implementation of six sigma tools in order to correctly assess the process and achieve improvement (Thomas, et al., 2017)
The following format explains the problem statement and execution of the process improvement method.
Problem Statement
Articulate your problem statement here
Problem Statement Worksheet
Original problem or focus question
The lead time for the proto sample process is longer than anticipated by the customer.
12 days rather than 5.
Stakeholders who are most affected by the problem
The Customer prototyping team and the Company program management team are the most impacted by this issue.
Type of Problem
Problems with resources and processes Comment by Seon A Levius: Technology has to be one of the problems
Suspected cause of the problem
Suspected reasons based on the cross functional team's root cause analysis are as follows.
1.Because the process is dependent ...
Organizational diagnosis has been identified as a significant issue in terms of organizational change and organizational development (Leech, 2011). It has been noted by a number of researchers that management of change in organization involves the consideration of three key questions of what (the content related to initiation of change), how (the process for initiation of change) and why (the reasons for initiation of change). Organizational diagnosis further covers a number of aspects, and hence, is given huge significance from the perspective of organizational change (Worley, 2014). It is a method used for analysis of organization while identifying the shortcomings of organization for neutralizing them by the initiation of organizational change. This report will cover the concepts related to organizational change management and diagnostic process, referring to the case study provided. It has been anticipated in the case study that the newly established School of Business across the All Star University will have to consider reducing its work force by 20 per cent if the proposed guidelines of budget are met.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
I need help with the Old State University Case.docxwrite4
Dean Blake, the new dean of Old State University's business school, is pursuing a prospector strategy focused on non-traditional markets like adult learners and executive education programs. This strategy makes sense given demographic trends showing the traditional student population will decline. However, it is facing resistance from some faculty accustomed to teaching traditional students. Dean Blake plans to address this by prioritizing the hiring of new faculty supportive of the strategic changes and aligning performance reviews and salaries with the new strategic objectives.
I need help with the Old State University Case.docxsdfghj21
Dean Blake, the new dean of Old State University's business school, is pursuing a prospector strategy focused on non-traditional markets like adult learners and executive education programs. This strategy makes sense given demographic trends showing the traditional student population will decline. However, it is facing resistance from some faculty accustomed to teaching traditional students. Dean Blake plans to hire new faculty supportive of the strategic changes and link faculty performance to willingness to teach in new areas and programs. This is causing concern among some faculty about declining education quality and the introduction of non-academic criteria.
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This document summarizes 74 position papers submitted for an IBM conference on service science, management, and engineering education. It groups the papers into four categories: existing service-related courses and curricula, planned service-related courses and curricula, current service-related research, and planned service-related research. Under existing courses and curricula, it briefly describes programs at 22 universities. It then similarly outlines plans and proposals from 20 universities for new courses and curricula.
Teaching Business Students the Art and Science of Innovation.docxerlindaw
Teaching Business Students the Art and Science of Innovation
Dr. Uma G. Gupta, State University of New York at Buffalo State, NY, USA
ABSTRACT
Today the ability to innovate has become a core and sought after business competency. While innovation is often
taught in capstone business courses as a topic, this paper argues that the time is right to make innovation the central
theme in teaching strategic management. The McKinsey &Company framework is used to teach students the eight
essential ingredients of innovation and its execution. The opportunities to integrate previous knowledge about other
business functions into the teaching of innovation is outlined. The critical business lessons that can be imparted to
business students through the McKinsey framework is discussed.
Keywords: Strategic management curriculum, innovation, innovation framework, business competencies.
INTRODUCTION:
Strategic management is a capstone course in most undergraduate business degree programs in U.S. institutions. The
strategic management course integrates fundamental business concepts from accounting, finance, production, human
resources, marketing, and leadership and challenges students to apply these integrated concepts in order to leam how
to run a business. This gives students a deeper understanding of the many challenges that CEOs face in ensuring the
success and sustainability of their company in the face of rapid changes. They realize that while hindsight is easy,
consistent and high-quality execution is not.
One of the key factors today in ensuring the long-term success and sustainability of any business is the art and
science of innovation. The rise of the new economy, characterized by intense global competition, advanced
information technologies, a virtual 24x7 workforce, and an almost ubiquitous world of online business transactions
free of geographical boundaries, has made information, knowledge, and innovation integral and invaluable in
creating and managing sustainable competitive advantage. In other words, it is not enough if our students understand
the fundamental concepts of business and how to apply them to a business setting. Instead, today they should know
how to apply core business concepts through the lens of speed, innovation, and customer service. This paper focuses
on how to integrate the fundamentals of innovation into the strategic management curriculum.
There are at least three challenges in teaching innovation to undergraduate students.
1- What does it mean? Not only students, but business owners and leaders too, sometimes struggle to define
innovation in meaningful, concrete and operational terms, although many understand it intuitively. Words
such as creative, unique, transformation, revolution, etc. come to mind, but how can we teach students to
translate this into operational concepts that can be executed for the long-range success of a company?
2. Company size: Most students are familiar with the big br.
Pm0010 – interduction to project managementsmumbahelp
This document provides information about an assignment for a project management course. It includes 5 questions about key project management concepts like project scope, force field analysis, product mix analysis, social cost-benefit analysis, and corporate governance practices for infrastructure projects. It also includes a short question asking for notes on expert judgment, project audits, statistical quality control, and project termination. Students are instructed to send their semester and specialization details to a email address or phone number to receive fully solved assignments.
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G. DixonProfessor ButlerManagement ConceptsWeek 10 Discuss.docxhanneloremccaffery
The document discusses an assignment for a Principles of Marketing course. Students are asked to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of a business they are familiar with, and suggest two strategic marketing recommendations based on their analysis and what they learned in the course. The assignment will be graded based on criteria such as the quality of the analysis, logic/organization, and writing skills.
This document provides an overview and analysis of MBA programs. It discusses how MBA prestige has fallen as programs have adopted an irrelevant scientific research model over practical business skills. Costs have also increased dramatically without comparable salary increases. The document recommends gaining several years of work experience before pursuing an MBA to improve return on investment and make the curriculum more applicable. Not everyone needs an MBA, and entrepreneurs are better off pursuing their ambitions than delaying to get an MBA only to keep up with others.
sampleAs technology is constantly innovating, it has change on.docxtodd331
This document discusses strategies for implementing an agile method at an established company. It notes that it is difficult but some companies have been successful implementing agile in their IT and technology departments. When implementing agile, companies need to consider how much control to give employees, build structures around customer needs, and provide the right balance of oversight and autonomy. They also need to provide growth opportunities for employees to avoid them becoming too task-focused.
Similar to Qiiiihiy ElginecrinM. 18299- 23, 2006Copyright r Taylor &.docx (20)
According to Davenport (2014) social media and health care are c.docxmakdul
Social media is collaborating with healthcare to meet the needs of providers and patients, and is moving toward using analytics to evaluate its value within healthcare. The document instructs the reader to research areas of social media that could benefit from an analytic model combining data and value-based analytics, then evaluate a resource by discussing five major social media stakeholder roles, whether social media could improve medical practice and provide rationale, and concluding with main points.
According to (Fatehi, Gordon & Florida, N.D.) theoretical orient.docxmakdul
According to (Fatehi, Gordon & Florida, N.D.) theoretical orientation represent styles of mind for understanding reality. This theoretical orientation can be organized as a continuum from theoretical constructs that are independent and concrete as with the Behavioral/ CBT theories, to theoretical constructs that are interdependent and abstract as with the Psychodynamic theories (Fatehi, Gordon & Florida, N.D.). Family systems and Humanistic/Existential are theoretical midpoints (Fatehi, Gordon & Florida, N.D.). Trait theory tends to focus on the premise that we are born with traits or characteristics that make us unique and explain our behaviors (Cervone& Pervin, 2019). For example, introversion, extroversion, shyness, agreeableness, kindness, etc. all these innate characteristics that we are born help to explain why we behave in a certain manner according to the situations we face, (Cervone& Pervin, 2019). Psychoanalytic perspective on the other hand focuses on childhood experiences and the unconscious mind which plays a role in our personality development, (Cervone& Pervin, 2019).
According to Freud, (Cervone& Pervin, 2019) our unconscious mind includes all our hidden desires and conflicts which form the root cause of our mental health issues or maladaptive behaviors. The main difference between these two perspectives is that trait theory helps to explain why we behave in a certain manner, whereas psychoanalytic theory only describes the personality and predicting behavior and not really explaining why we behave the way we do. There is no such evident similarity between the two perspectives, but kind of rely on underlying mechanisms to explain personality. Also, there is some degree of subjectivity present in both the perspectives. Trait theories involve subjectivity regarding interpretations of which can be considered as important traits that explain our behaviors, and psychoanalytic theory is subjective and vague in the concepts been used like the unconscious mind. My opinions accord with the visible contrasts between the two, one focused on internal features describing our behaviors in clearer words, whilst other concentrating on unconscious mind in anticipating behavior which is ambiguous and harder to grasp.
References
Cervone, D., & Pervin, L. A. (2019). Personality: Theory and research (14th ed.). Wiley.
Fatehi, M., Gordon, R. M., & Florida, O. A Meta-Theoretical Integration of Psychotherapy Orientations.
.
According to Libertarianism, there is no right to any social service.docxmakdul
According to Libertarianism, there is no right to any social services besides those of a night-watchman state, protecting citizens from harming each other via courts, police, and military.
Consider this town
that decided to remove fire rescue as a basic social service. To benefit from it, one had to pay a yearly fee. Do you think libertarians would generally have to support such a policy in order to be consistent? Why or why not? Also, can you think of any other social services that might no longer exist in a libertarian society? (Btw, none has ever existed).
.
According to Kirk (2016), most of your time will be spent working wi.docxmakdul
Kirk (2016) identified four data action groups for working with data: data acquisition, data examination, data transformation, and data exploration. Data acquisition involves gathering the raw material.
According to cultural deviance theorists like Cohen, deviant sub.docxmakdul
This document discusses how cultural deviance theorists view subcultures as having their own value systems that oppose mainstream society's values. It asks how rap culture has perpetuated these subcultural values and promoted violence and crime among young men. It also asks how theorists would explain the persistence and popularity of rap culture given its deviation from conventional norms and values, citing examples from Tupac Shakur and 50 Cent. The document requests a 750-1000 word essay on this topic supported by 3-5 scholarly sources.
According to Gray et al, (2017) critical appraisal is the proce.docxmakdul
According to Gray et al, (2017) “critical appraisal is the process of carefully and systematically assessing the outcome of all aspects of a study, judging the strengths, limitation, trustworthiness, meaning, and its applicability to practice”. The steps involved in critical appraisal include “identifying the study's elements or processes, determining the strengths and weaknesses, and evaluating the credibility and trustworthiness of the study” (Gray et al., 2017). The journal article chosen is
“change in staff perspectives on indwelling urinary catheter use after implementation of an intervention bundle in seven Swiss acute care hospitals: a result of a before/after survey study”
by Niederhauser, Zullig, Marschall, Schweiger, John, Kuster, and Schwappach. (2019).
Identifying the study's elements or processes
A significant issue addressed by the study is the nursing “staffs’ perspective towards indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) and evaluation of changes in their perspectives towards indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) use after implementation of a 1-year quality improvement project” (Niederhauser et al, 2019). the process of the research was conducted in “seven acute care hospitals in Switzerland” (Niederhauser et al, 2019). With a “sample size of 1579 staff members participated in the baseline survey and 1527 participated in the follow-up survey. The survey captures all nursing and medical staff members working at the participating hospitals at the time of survey distribution, using a multimodal intervention bundle, consisting of an evidence-based indication list, daily re-evaluation of ongoing catheter needs, and staff training were implemented over the course of 9 months” (Niederhauser et al, 2019).
Determining the strengths and weaknesses
A great strength of the study is a large sample size of over 1000 and the use of well-constructed and easy-to-read heading for better understanding. Also, the use of figures, graphs, and tables make the article less cumbersome to read. Another strength is the implementation of the ethical principles of research by enabling informed consent and voluntary participation as well as confidentiality and anonymity of information.
On the other hand, the study has several weaknesses such as the use of “the theory of planned behavior to model intentions to reduce catheter use, but it is not possible to know if changes observed in staff perception led to a true change in practice” (Niederhauser et al, 2019). Another weakness of the study is the repeated survey design which allows assessment of changes in staff perspectives after implementation of a quality improvement intervention but the sustainability of the effects over time could not be evaluated.
Evaluating the credibility and trustworthiness of the study
Although the study used a larger sample size of over 1000, the “use of a single-group design and no control group weakens its credibility and trustworthiness because there are no causal inferences abou.
According to article Insecure Policing Under Racial Capitalism by.docxmakdul
According to article "Insecure: Policing Under Racial Capitalism" by Robin D.G. Kelley and the article "Yes, We Mean Literally Abolish the Police" by Mariame Kaba, the police are no longer an attribute of safety and security. The facts that are given in the articles are similar within the meaning of the content. The police do not serve for the benefit of the whole community. Racial and class division according to social status became the basis of lawlessness and injustice on the part of the police. Kaaba in his article cites several stories confirming the racial hatred that led to the murder of African Americans. After that, people massively took to the streets of many cities in several countries, demanding an end to racial discrimination and the murder of African Americans. Kelley's article describes numerous manifestos where demands for police abolition have been raised, but all have been rejected. In the protests, people suggested that they themselves would take care of each other, which the police could not do. I understand that the police system is far from ideal and the permissiveness of police representatives should be limited. Ruth Wilson Gilmore says that "capitalism is never racial." I think that this phrase she wants to say that the stronger people take away from the weak people and use them for their own well-being. And since the roots of history go back to slavery, then African Americans are the weak link. In this regard, a huge number of prisons and police power appeared. The common and small class do not feel protected, on the contrary; they expect a threat from people who must protect them. The police take an oath to respect and protect human and civil rights and freedoms, regardless of skin color and social status. If this does not happen, then you need to change the system.
.
Abstract In this experiment, examining the equivalence poi.docxmakdul
Abstract:
In this experiment, examining the equivalence point in a titration with NaOH identified an
unknown diprotic acid. The molar mass of the unknown was found to be 100.78 g/mol with pKa
values of 2.6 and 6.6. The closest diprotic acid to this molar mass is malonic acid with a percent
error of 3.48%.
Introduction:
The purpose of the experiment was to determine the identity of an unknown diprotic acid. The
equivalence and half-equivalence points on the titration curve give important information, which
can then be used to calculate the molecular weight of the acid. The equivalence point is the
moment when there is an equal amount of acid and NaOH. Knowing the concentration and
volume of added NaOH at that moment, the amount of moles of NaOH can be determined. The
amount of moles of NaOH is then equivalent to the amount of acid present. Dividing the original
mass of the acid by the moles present gave the molar mass of the acid.
In this particular titration, there were two equivalence points as the acid is diprotic.
Consequently, the titration curve had two inflection points. The acid dissociated in a two-step
process with the net reaction being:
H2X + 2 NaOH Na2X + 2 H2O
This was important to take into consideration when calculating the molar mass of the diprotic
acid. If the first equivalence point was to be used, the ratio of acid to NaOH was 1:1. If the
second equivalence point was used in the calculations, the ratio became 1:2 as now a second
set of NaOH molecules reacted with the acid to dissociate the second hydrogen ion. The
titration curve also showed the pKa values of the acid. This happened at the half-equivalence
point where half of the acid was dissociated to its conjugate base (again, because of the diprotic
properties of the acid, this happens twice on the curve). The Henderson Hasselbalch equation
pH = pKa+log(A-/HA)
shows that at the half-equivalence point, the pKa value equaled the pH and was visually
represented by the flattest part of the graphs.
Discussion:
The titration graph showed that the data was consistent with the methodology and proved to be
an precise execution of the procedure and followed the expected shape. One possible source of
error was the actual mass of the acid solid. While transferring the dust from the weigh boat to
the solution, some remained in the weigh boat this could have altered the molar mass
calculations and shifted the final the final mass lighter than actual.
The Vernier pH method was definitely a much more concrete method of interpreting the results.
It was possible to see which addition of NaOH gave the greatest increase in pH ( greatest 1st
derivative of the titration graph). The relying solely on the indicator color would make it very
difficult to judge at which precise point the color shifted most, as the shift was a lot more gradual
compared to the precise numbers. This may have been a more reliable method if there was a
de.
ACC 403- ASSIGNMENT 2 RUBRIC!!!
Points: 280
Assignment 2: Audit Planning and Control
Criteria
UnacceptableBelow 60% F
Meets Minimum Expectations60-69% D
Fair70-79% C
Proficient80-89% B
Exemplary90-100% A
1. Outline the critical steps inherent in planning an audit and designing an effective audit program. Based upon the type of company selected, provide specific details of the actions that the company should undertake during planning and designing the audit program.
Weight: 15%
Did not submit or incompletely outlined the critical steps inherent in planning an audit and designing an effective audit program. Did not submit or incompletely provided specific details of the actions that the company should undertake during planning and designing the audit program, based upon the type of company selected.
Insufficiently outlined the critical steps inherent in planning an audit and designing an effective audit program. Insufficiently provided specific details of the actions that the company should undertake during planning and designing the audit program, based upon the type of company selected.
Partially outlined the critical steps inherent in planning an audit and designing an effective audit program. Partially provided specific details of the actions that the company should undertake during planning and designing the audit program, based upon the type of company selected.
Satisfactorily outlined the critical steps inherent in planning an audit and designing an effective audit program. Satisfactorily provided specific details of the actions that the company should undertake during planning and designing the audit program, based upon the type of company selected.
Thoroughly outlined the critical steps inherent in planning an audit and designing an effective audit program. Thoroughly provided specific details of the actions that the company should undertake during planning and designing the audit program, based upon the type of company selected.
2. Examine at least two (2) performance ratios that you would use in order to determine which analytical tests to perform. Identify the accounts that you would test, and select at least three (3) analytical procedures that you would use in your audit.
Weight: 15%
Did not submit or incompletely examined at least two (2) performance ratios that you would use in order to determine which analytical tests to perform. Did not submit or incompletely identified the accounts that you would test; did not submit or incompletely selected at least three (3) analytical procedures that you would use in your audit.
Insufficiently examined at least two (2) performance ratios that you would use in order to determine which analytical tests to perform. Insufficiently identified the accounts that you would test; insufficiently selected at least three (3) analytical procedures that you would use in your audit.
Partially examined at least two (2) performance ratios that you would use in order to determine which analytical tests .
ACC 601 Managerial Accounting Group Case 3 (160 points) .docxmakdul
ACC 601 Managerial Accounting
Group Case 3 (160 points)
Instructions:
1. As a group, complete the following activities in good form. Use excel or
word only. Provide all supporting calculations to show how you arrived at
your numbers
2. Add only the names of group members who participated in the completion
of this assignment.
3. Submit only one copy of your completed work via Moodle. Do not send it to
me by email.
4. Due: No later than the last day of Module 7. Please note that your professor
has the right to change the due date of this assignment.
Part A: Capital Budgeting Decisions
Chee Company has gathered the following data on a proposed investment project:
Investment required in equipment ............. $240,000
Annual cash inflows .................................. $50,000
Salvage value ............................................ $0
Life of the investment ............................... 8 years
Required rate of return .............................. 10%
Assets will be depreciated using straight
line depreciation method
Required:
Using the net present value and the internal rate of return methods, is this a good investment?
Part B: Master Budget
You have just been hired as a new management trainee by Earrings Unlimited, a distributor of
earrings to various retail outlets located in shopping malls across the country. In the past, the
company has done very little in the way of budgeting and at certain times of the year has
experienced a shortage of cash. Since you are well trained in budgeting, you have decided to
prepare a master budget for the upcoming second quarter. To this end, you have worked with
accounting and other areas to gather the information assembled below.
The company sells many styles of earrings, but all are sold for the same price—$10 per pair. Actual
sales of earrings for the last three months and budgeted sales for the next six months follow (in pairs
of earrings):
January (actual) 20,000 June (budget) 50,000
February (actual) 26,000 July (budget) 30,000
March (actual) 40,000 August (budget) 28,000
April (budget) 65,000 September (budget) 25,000
May (budget) 100,000
The concentration of sales before and during May is due to Mother’s Day. Sufficient inventory should
be on hand at the end of each month to supply 40% of the earrings sold in the following month.
Suppliers are paid $4 for a pair of earrings. One-half of a month’s purchases is paid for in the month
of purchase; the other half is paid for in the following month. All sales are on credit. Only 20% of a
month’s sales are collected in the month of sale. An additional 70% is collected in the following
month, and the remaining 10% is collected in the second month following sale. Bad debts have been
negligible.
Monthly operating expenses for the company are given below:
Variable:
Sales commissions 4 % of sales
.
Academic Integrity A Letter to My Students[1] Bill T.docxmakdul
Academic Integrity:
A Letter to My Students[1]
Bill Taylor
Professor of Political Science
Oakton Community College
Des Plaines, IL 60016
[email protected]
Here at the beginning of the semester I want to say something to you about academic integrity.[2]
I’m deeply convinced that integrity is an essential part of any true educational experience, integrity on
my part as a faculty member and integrity on your part as a student.
To take an easy example, would you want to be operated on by a doctor who cheated his way through
medical school? Or would you feel comfortable on a bridge designed by an engineer who cheated her
way through engineering school. Would you trust your tax return to an accountant who copied his
exam answers from his neighbor?
Those are easy examples, but what difference does it make if you as a student or I as a faculty member
violate the principles of academic integrity in a political science course, especially if it’s not in your
major?
For me, the answer is that integrity is important in this course precisely because integrity is important in
all areas of life. If we don’t have integrity in the small things, if we find it possible to justify plagiarism or
cheating or shoddy work in things that don’t seem important, how will we resist doing the same in areas
that really do matter, in areas where money might be at stake, or the possibility of advancement, or our
esteem in the eyes of others?
Personal integrity is not a quality we’re born to naturally. It’s a quality of character we need to nurture,
and this requires practice in both meanings of that word (as in practice the piano and practice a
profession). We can only be a person of integrity if we practice it every day.
What does that involve for each of us in this course? Let’s find out by going through each stage in the
course. As you’ll see, academic integrity basically requires the same things of you as a student as it
requires of me as a teacher.
I. Preparation for Class
What Academic Integrity Requires of Me in This Area
With regard to coming prepared for class, the principles of academic integrity require that I come having
done the things necessary to make the class a worthwhile educational experience for you. This requires
that I:
reread the text (even when I’ve written it myself),
clarify information I might not be clear about,
prepare the class with an eye toward what is current today (that is, not simply rely on past
notes), and
plan the session so that it will make it worth your while to be there.
What Academic Integrity Requires of You in This Area
With regard to coming prepared for class, the principles of academic integrity suggest that you have a
responsibility to yourself, to me, and to the other students to do the things necessary to put yourself in
a position to make fruitful contributions to class discussion. This will require you to:
read the text before.
Access the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) Nu.docxmakdul
Access the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s)
“Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity: Data, Trends and Maps”
database. Choose a state other than your home state and compare their health status and associated behaviors. What behaviors lead to the current obesity status?
Initial discussion post should be approximately 300 words. Any sources used should be cited in APA format.
.
According to DSM 5 This patient had very many symptoms that sugg.docxmakdul
According to DSM 5 This patient had very many symptoms that suggested Major Depressive Disorder.
Objective(s)
Analyze psychometric properties of assessment tools
Evaluate appropriate use of assessment tools in psychotherapy
Compare assessment tools used in psychotherapy
.
Acceptable concerts include professional orchestras, soloists, jazz,.docxmakdul
Acceptable concerts include professional orchestras, soloists, jazz, Broadway musicals and instrumental or vocal ensembles, and comparable college or community groups performing music relevant to the content of this class. (Optionally, either your concert report
or
your concert review - but not both unless advance permission is given - may be based on a concert of non-western music selected from events on the concert list.)
Acceptable concerts include the following:
• Symphony orchestras • Concert bands and wind ensembles • Chamber Music (string quartets, brass and woodwind quintets, etc.) • Solo recitals (piano, voice, etc.) • Choral concerts • Early music concerts • Non-western music • Some jazz concerts • Opera• Broadway Musicals• Flamenco• Ballet• Tango
Assignment Format
The following are required on the concert review assignment and, thus, may affect your grade.
• Must be typed• Must be double-spaced• Must be between
2 and 4 pages
in length
not including the cover sheet
.• Must use conventional size and formatting of text - e.g. 10-12 point serif or sans serif fonts with normal margins. • Must include the printed program from the concert and/or your ticket stubs. Photocopies are unacceptable. (Contact me at least 24 hours before due date if any materials are unavailable.)• All materials (text, program, ticket stub) must be
stapled
together securely. Folded corners, paper clips, etc. instead of staples will not be accepted.• Careful editing, proofreading, and spelling are expected, although minor errors will not affect your grade.
Papers that do not follow these format guidelines may be returned for resubmission, and late penalties will apply.
Concert Review Assignment Content
I. Cover Sheet:
Include the following on a cover sheet attached to the front of your review:
• Title or other description of the event/performers you heard, along with the date and location of the performance. For example:
New World Symphony Orchestra
1258 Lincoln Road
Saturday, June 5, 2013
Lincoln Road Theater, Miami Beach
• Your name, assignment submission date, course. For example:
Pat Romero
October 31, 2013
Humanities 1020 MWF 8:05 a.m.
II. Descriptions
The main body of the concert review should include brief discussions of
three of the
pieces
in the concert you attend. In most cases, a single paragraph for each piece should be sufficient, although you may wish to break descriptions of longer pieces into separate short paragraphs, one per movement.
Your description of each piece (song) should include:
• The title of the piece and the composer's name if possible, as listed in the concert program.• A brief description of your reaction to the piece. For example:
When the piece started I thought it was going to be slow and boring, but the faster section in the first movement made it more exciting. A really great flute solo full of fast and high notes in the third movement caught my attention. I'm not sure, but I thought that som.
ACA was passed in 2010, under the presidency of Barack Obama. Pr.docxmakdul
ACA was passed in 2010, under the presidency of Barack Obama. Prior to this new act, there were plenty of votes that did not agree with the notion of accessible insurance. Before 2010, The private sector had been given coverage in such a way that Milstead and Short (2019) called it sickness insurance; meaning companies will risk incurring medical expenses as long as it was balanced by healthy people. They were doing so by excluding people that had pre-existing conditions, becoming a very solvent business (Milstead & Short, 2019). After ACA was passed that was no longer the case. When President Trump came into term he did so by bringing his own healthcare agenda, which attempted to repeal ACA, but ultimately failed to come up with a replacement.
In 2016, the Republican's party platform was to repeal ACA, while continuing Medicare and Medicaid, but on the other hand, democrats put down that Obamacare is a step towards the goals of universal health care, and that this was just the beginning (Physicians for a National Health Program, n.d.). As for the cost analysis of repealing the Affordable Care Act, this would increase the number of uninsured people by 23 million, and it will cost about 350 billion through 2027, as well as creating costly coverage provisions to replace it (Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget, 2017).
(2 references required)
.
Access the FASB website. Once you login, click the FASB Accounting S.docxmakdul
Access the FASB website. Once you login, click the FASB Accounting Standards Codification link. Review the materials in the FASB Codification, especially the links on the left side column. Next, write a 1-page memo to a friend introducing and explaining this new accounting research resource that you have found. Provide at least one APA citation to the FASB Codification and reference that citation using the APA guidelines.
.
Academic Paper Overview This performance task was intended to asse.docxmakdul
This document provides an overview of an academic paper performance task intended to assess students' ability to conduct scholarly research, articulate an evidence-based argument, and effectively communicate a conclusion. Specifically, the performance task evaluates students' capacity to generate a focused research question, explore relationships between multiple scholarly works, develop and support their own argument using relevant evidence, and integrate sources while distinguishing their own voice.
Academic Research Team Project PaperCOVID-19 Open Research Datas.docxmakdul
Academic Research Team Project Paper
COVID-19 Open Research Dataset Challenge (CORD-19)
An AI challenge with AI2, CZI, MSR, Georgetown, NIH & The White House
(1) FULL-LENGTH PROJECT
Dataset Description
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the White House and a coalition of leading research groups have prepared the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19). CORD-19 is a resource of over 44,000 scholarly articles, including over 29,000 with full text, about COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, and related corona viruses. This freely available dataset is provided to the global research community to apply recent advances in natural language processing and other AI techniques to generate new insights in support of the ongoing fight against this infectious disease. There is a growing urgency for these approaches because of the rapid acceleration in new coronavirus literature, making it difficult for the medical research community to keep up.
Call to Action
We are issuing a call to action to the world's artificial intelligence experts to develop text and data mining tools that can help the medical community develop answers to high priority scientific questions. The CORD-19 dataset represents the most extensive machine-readable coronavirus literature collection available for data mining to date. This allows the worldwide AI research community the opportunity to apply text and data mining approaches to find answers to questions within, and connect insights across, this content in support of the ongoing COVID-19 response efforts worldwide. There is a growing urgency for these approaches because of the rapid increase in coronavirus literature, making it difficult for the medical community to keep up.
A list of our initial key questions can be found under the
Tasks
section of this dataset. These key scientific questions are drawn from the NASEM’s SCIED (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s Standing Committee on Emerging Infectious Diseases and 21st Century Health Threats)
research topics
and the World Health Organization’s
R&D Blueprint
for COVID-19.
Many of these questions are suitable for text mining, and we encourage researchers to develop text mining tools to provide insights on these questions.
In this project, you will follow your own interests to create a portfolio worthy single-frame viz or multi-frame data story that will be shared in your presentation. You will use all the skills taught in this course to complete this project step-by-step, with guidance from your instructors along the way. You will first create a project proposal to identify your goals for the project, including the question you wish to answer or explore with data. You will then find data that will provide the information you are seeking. You will then import that data into Tableau and prepare it for analysis. Next, you will create a dashboard that will allow you to explore the data in-depth and identify meaningful insights. You will then give structure .
AbstractVoice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is an advanced t.docxmakdul
Abstract
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is an advanced telecommunication technology which transfers the voice/video over
high speed network that provides advantages of flexibility, reliability and cost efficient advanced telecommunication
features. Still the issues related to security are averting many organizations to accept VoIP cloud environment due to
security threats, holes or vulnerabilities. So, the novel secured framework is absolutely necessary to prevent all kind of
VoIP security issues. This paper points out the existing VoIP cloud architecture and various security attacks and issues
in the existing framework. It also presents the defense mechanisms to prevent the attacks and proposes a new security
framework called Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) using video watermarking and extraction technique and Liveness
Voice Detection (LVD) technique with biometric features such as face and voice. IPSs updated with new LVD features
protect the VoIP services not only from attacks but also from misuses.
A Comprehensive Survey of Security Issues and
Defense Framework for VoIP Cloud
Ashutosh Satapathy* and L. M. Jenila Livingston
School of Computing Science and Engineering, VIT University, Chennai - 600127, Tamil Nadu, India;
[email protected], [email protected]
Keywords: Defense Mechanisms, Liveness Voice Detection, VoIP Cloud, Voice over Internet Protocol, VoIP Security Issues
1. Introduction
The rapid progress of VoIP over traditional services is
led to a situation that is common to many innovations
and new technologies such as VoIP cloud and peer to
peer services like Skype, Google Hangout etc. VoIP is the
technology that supports sending voice (and video) over
an Internet protocol-based network1,2. This is completely
different than the public circuit-switched telephone net-
work. Circuit switching network allocates resources to
each individual call and path is permanent throughout
the call from start to end. Traditional telephony services
are provided by the protocols/components such as SS7, T
carriers, Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS), the Public
Switch Telephone Network (PSTN), dial up, local loops
and anything under International Telecommunication
Union. IP networks are based on packet switching and
each packet follows different path, has its own header and
is forwarded separately by routers. VoIP network can be
constructed in various ways by using both proprietary
protocols and protocols based on open standards.
1.1 VoIP Layer Architecture
VoIP communication system typically consist of a front
end platform (soft-phone, PBX, gateway, call manager),
back end platform (server, CPU, storage, memory, net-
work) and intermediate platforms such as VoIP protocols,
database, authentication server, web server, operating sys-
tems etc. It is mainly divided into five layers as shown in
Figure1.
1.2 VoIP Cloud Architecture
VoIP cloud is the framework for delivering telephony
services in which resourc.
This study examined a problem, used a particular method to do so, and found results that were interpreted. It concluded by recommending future research on the topic.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Qiiiihiy ElginecrinM. 18299- 23, 2006Copyright r Taylor &.docx
1. Qiiiihiy E'lginecrinM. 18:299- ?23, 2006
Copyright r Taylor & FrariL'is Group. LLC
ISSN: 0S98-2I12 print/1532-4222 online
DOI: It).1080/08982110600719349
Taylor & Francis
Ia/lor(.franci5 Croup
Designing New Housing at the University of Miami: A "Six
Sigma"®
DMADV/DFSS Case Study
J.A. Johnson and H. Gitlow
Department of Munagcment Science. School of Business
Administration, University of Miami, Coral Gahles, FL
S. Widener
Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering
University of Miami, Coral Gables. FL
E. Popovich
Sterling Enterprises International, Inc., Boca Raton, FL
The "Six Sigma" management DMADV model is used in this
paper to design a new dormitory concept at the University of
Miami. It is intended to provide a roadmap for conducting a
Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) project.
Keywords Case study: Design for Six Sigma; DFSS;
DMADV; Six Sigma.
INTRODUCTION
2. "Six Sigma" management is the relentless and rig-
orous pursuit ofthe reduction of variation in all critical
processes in an organization. Us purpose is to achieve
continuous and breakthrough improvements that
impact the bottom line and increase customer satisfac-
tion. Six Sigma management is an organizational initia-
tive designed to create processes that produee no more
than 3.4 defeets per million opportunities.
The two methods employed in Six Sigma initia-
tives to achieve this high standard of quality are called
the DMAIC (the Defme-Measure-Analyze-Improve-
Control) method (Rasis et al.. 2002; vol. 15 no. 1
pp. 127-145), and the DMADV (Detme-Measure-
Analyze-Design-Verify) method. The DMAIC method
is used primarily for improvement of an existing
' "Six Sigma" is a registered trademark of the Motorola
Corporation.
Address correspondence to Howard Gitlow, Professor of
Management Science, School of Business Administration,
University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA. E-mail;
[email protected]
product, service, or process, while the DMADV
method is used primarily for the invention and innova-
tion of modified or new products, services, or pro-
cesses. This paper focuses on the DMADV method.
DEFINE PHASE
Introduction
The Define Phase of the DMADV model has five
eomponents: establish the background and business
3. case; assess the risks, benefits, and costs of the project;
form the product development team; develop the
project plan, and write the project charter.
Background and Business Case
The University of Miami has experienced rapid
growth in student enrollment, a policy that stipulates
that all ineoming freshmen must live on campus (unless
they live with their family), and the wish of the presi-
dent for a more residential campus created more
demand than supply for on-campus housing. This is
clearly seen by the portion of the University's mission
and dashboard, shown in Table I.
A partial hst of potential projects is shown in the
right-most column of Table 1. The potential projects
are prioritized for action in a project prioritization
matrix (see Tabie 2).
The project relating to the School of Business
Administration with the highest weighted average from
Table 2 is selected as a ''Six Sigma" project, as it has
the most impact on the business objectives, in this case,
299
300 J.A. Johnson et al.
Tahle I
The mission and selected portions of the dashboard for the
University of Miami. "Mission Statement: The University of
Miami exists that human knowledge be treasured, preserved,
4. expanded and disseminated and that the human mind, body and
spirit be nurtured and strengthened through learning." Coiiivni
Las! Modified on March 28. 2003
President
Key objectives
Improve student
experiences
Improve the
national
ranking
ofthe
university
Improve
inlerdisciplinar>
research
Increase the
university
endowment
Key indicators
Number of
students
applying
Percent of
students
returning
by semester
5. 1-MR chart
of national
ranking
Number of
/ interdisciplinary
projects
Total value of
the endowment
by year
Provost
Key objectives
Increase the
number of
Key indicators
Number of
students
students living living
on campus
Increase
student
resident
retention
rate
on campus
by semester
6. Percentage
of students
retained
each semester
Dean ofthe school of business
Key objectives
Increase the
number of
business
students
living on
campus
Increase
business
student
retention
Key indicators
Number of
business
students
living
on campus
by semester
Percentage of
business
students
retained by
semester
7. Projects
Create more
on-campus
housing for
business
students
(new housing)
Improve on-
campus housing
options for
business
students
(housing
renovation)
Improve on-
campus housing
options for
business
students
(housing
renovation)
Improve on-
campus housing
options for
business
students
(housing
renovation)
Improve on-
campus housing
8. options for
business
students
(housing
renovation)
Tabh' 2
Six Sigma project prioritization matrix
Partial list of potential projects for business school
Weight Office wing New housing Housing renovations Business
library
President s business objectives
Improve national ranking
Improve interdisciplinary
research
Increase the endowment
Improve student experience
Weighted average
0.4U
0.30
0.15
0.15
1.00
9
9
I
3
9. 6.9
3
1
9
9
4,2
1
3
1
3
1.9
Designing New Housing at tho L'niversity of Miami 301
the Office Wing Construction, vî ith a score of 6.9.
However, this project is near completion, so the Dean
of the School of Business can start to set up the next
project. New Housing Construction.
Risks. Benefits, and Costs of the Project
Risks
Table 3 shows a failure modes and effects analysis
(FMEA) for the new housing project that was created
in a brainstorming session by team members. Each
individual item was rated by (1) severity, (2) probabil-
ity of occurrence, and (3) detectability, on a 1 to 10
scale. In each case, the scale is established so that 1
is the ideal state, that is, cheapest or least damaging,
10. least likely to occur, and easiest to detect. Accordingly,
a 10 is the most undesirable state, that is, expensive or
heavily damaging, likely to occur, and difficult to
detect. The three scores for each failure mode are
multiplied to get a composite score ofthe risk, known
as the Risk Priority Number (RPN). An RPN can
range from 1 ( 1 x 1 x 1 ) to 1.000 (10 x 10 x 10), with
higher numbers being more problematic risks.
In the dormitory case, team members established a
plan to decrease risk. After the plan is put into place,
the three component scores arc estimated again to
compute a revised RPN,
The two major risks, obsolescence (RPN = 5 6 0 )
and design team dynamics (RPN - 448). can be
avoided by planning flexible interiors that can be easily
updated (revised RPN = 2!0) and maintaining a team
environment (revised RPN = 192). respectively.
Benefits
The measurable benefits of new housing construc-
tion can be broken down into two groups, financial
and non-financia! benefits. Financial benefits include
rental of the new rooms. However, the dormitory is
planned to be a break-even operation (see Table 4).
Non-financial benefits would also be realized, for
example, in potentially increased ratings from sources
like Bu.siness Week and U.S. News and World Report.
Another example is the positive feelings evoked from
a physically apparent sign of growth, as the new build-
ing stimulates interest and excitement.
Composition of the Team
11. The team comprised two members (Adam Johnson
and Scott Widener). one advisor (Dr, Edward
Popovich). one Black Belt (Professor Howard Gitlow),
and one Champion (Dean Paul Sugrue).
Project Plan
The fourth step in the Define Phase is to develop a
project plan which has five components: opportunity
statement, project objective, project scope, multi-
generational product plan, and a Gantt chart. The
purpose of the project plan is to define the project.
Opportunity Statement
The opportunity statement clarifies the opportu-
nity the project provides toward bottom-line profits
or customer satisfaction. It asks: "What is the pain
that will be addressed by the project?'"
In the dormitory example, the University of Miami
president stated her desire to create a more residential
campus (see the dashboard in Table 1). The Dean of
the School of Business would like to establish the
School of Business as a top 50 business school. Cur-
rently, there is a need to expand the facility and infra-
structure to keep up with the escalating competition to
become a top 50 business school.
Project Objectives
The project objective clarifies the goal of the pro-
ject. In the case of the dormitory example, the project
objective is to create a design for a high-class living
12. facility that encourages learning and community aimed
at executives-in-residence. MBA students, and junior
and senior undergraduate business students. The facil-
ity should increase the number of on-campus residents.
Project Scope
The project scope focuses the opportunity state-
ment by considering the constraints on the project.
The first issue considered by the project scope is
resource constraints. Eor the dormitory project, the
only constraints are a deadline for completing the
design and a particular plot of land. The second issue
considered by the project scope is obstacles, Eor the
dormitory project, obstacles include confidentiality
about the project, political struggles between key
groups with vested interests, and an extremely diverse
population that needs to be appeased with any newly
designed facilities. The third issue considered by the
project scope is financial constraints. Einancial
constraints for the project are set by the construction
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Designing New Housing at the University of Miami 303
Tahle 4
Finaneial estimates by year
Revenues by floor
22. Single room rent per student
40 single rentals floor
Total rent per floor
Debt service by floor
25.137 square feet per tloor
S200 per square foot construction costs
Construction cost per iloor ($5,027,400)
30-year bond (ii $"/<, interest rale
Net revenue by floor (Revenue less debt service)
Maintenance by floor
25.137 square feet per floor
$6 per square foot
Net net revenue by floor (Net revenue less maintenance)
Net net revenue for building (7 floors)
S12.00D for year
$480,000 per year
S480.000 per year
$327,040 per year
$480,000 per year
-$327,040 per year
$152,960 per year
$150,822 per year
$152,960 per year
-$150,822 per year
23. $2,138 per year
$14,966 per year
budget and the project budget ($1,000). All expendi-
tures must be cleared through the project's Black Belt.
Multi-Generational Product Plan (MGPP)
A MGPP is a method used to view the "entire
picture" of a project. Table 5 illustrates the three
categories of MGPPs.
In the dormitory project, it can be seen that the new
facility is a cross between Generations I and 2. It is
Generation I because there is some bleeding in the
housing market as students leave campus to seek off-
campus housing. However, it is Generation 2 because
it develops and incorporates new technologies into an
on-campus living facility. Consequently, the new facil-
ity design will be treated as a Generation 2 project.
Gantt Chart
The final section of the project plan is to lay out
the timeframe of the project using a Gantt chart.
Project Charter
A project charter identifies the market segments
for a product, service, or process, as well as the mea-
sure(s) of success with direction(s) and target(s). and
a deadline. In the dormitory example, the project
objective is to create a design for a high-class living
facility that eneourages learning and community (the
product) aimed at executives-in-residence, MBA
24. students, as well as junior and senior undergraduate
business students (the market segments) to increase
Table 5
MGPP categories and definitions
Generation MGPP generation MGPP generation 2 MGPP
getieration 3
Vision
Product/service
generations
Produet/service
technologies and
platforms
Stop bleeding in
existing markets
Improved or less
expensive existing features
Current leehnology
Take offensive action
by filling unmet needs
of existing markets
New major features
Current technology
with relevant teclmological
enhancements if needed
25. Take leadership in new markets
New products or services or processes
Current technology and
development of new technology
if possible
304 J.A. Johnson cl
(the direction) the number of on campus residents (the
measure of success) by 280 students (the target) by July
15, 2003 (the deadline).
MEASURE PHASE
Introduction
The Measure Phase has three steps: seginent the
market, design and conduct a Kano Survey, and use
the Kano survey results as Quality Function Deploy-
ment inputs to fmd Critical to Quality Characteristics
(CTQs).
Market Segmentation
The first step ofthe Measure Phase is to identify the
market segments. In the dormitory example, the Dean
of the School of Business Administration identified
three distinct market segments for the nev̂ ' on-campus
housing. These market segments are executives-in-
residcncc. regular MBA students, and undergraduate
business students. Executives-in-residence are indivi-
duals that come to campus for one or two weeks to
26. attend a concentrated class. Currently, no regular
MBA sttidents live on campus.
Kano Survey
A Kano survey (Gitlow, 1999; Kano and Takahashi,
1979) is an instrument that collects data concern-
ing the wants and desires of regular users of a
potential product, service, and process and leads to
the classification of said needs and wants into tacti-
cally important categories. In the dormitory example,
several key stakeholders of the current housing system
at the University of Miami were interviewed to collect
preliminary data on the needs ofthe proposed housing
construction; they included two former Resident Mas-
ters (faculty members who live in apartments inside
dormitory buildings), the Facilities Director (maintains
existing dormitories), the Director of Residence Halls
(coordinates residential assignments, residential poli-
cies, and other residential aftairs), and the Dean of
the Business School. Focus groups were conducted,
which consisted of a mixture of full-time MBA students
and undergraduate business students. Additionally,
data were collected on five-star hotels to address the
needs ofthe executives-in-residence market segment.
Team members developed a Kano survey using the
features (called cognitive images) identified from the
above focus groups, (see Table 6). For a discussion
of how to identify cognitive images see Gitlow
(1999). The survey was then completed by a quota
Table 6
Partial Kano survey lor donnitory example
Feature or service
27. Single occupancy
rooms
Individual
bathrooms
Queen-sized
bed
How would you
feel if this feature or
service was ineluded
in a dormitory residence?
a) Delighted
b) Expeet it and like it
e) No feeling
d) Live with it
e) Do not like it
0 Other
a) Delighted
b) Expect it and like it
c) No feeling
d) Live with it
e) Do not like it
0 Other
a) Delighted
b) Expect it and like it
c) No feeling
d) Live with it
e) Do not like it
0 Other
How would you feel
if this feature or serviee
28. was NOT ineluded in a
dormitory residenee?
a) Delighted
b) Expeet it and like it
e) No feeling
d) Live with it
e) Do not like it
0 Other
;L) Delighted
b) Expect it and like it
c) No feeling
d) Live with it
e) Do not like it
0 Other
a) Delighted
b) Expeet it and like it
c) No feeling
d) Live with it
e) Do not like it
f) Other
What percent increase over the
eost of a typical dorm room would
you be willing to pay to have this
feature or serviee?
a) 0%
b) 0.5%
c) 1%
d) 2 %
e) 3 %
a) 0%
b) 0.5%
c) 1%
29. d) 2%
e) 3 %
a) 0%
b) 0.5%
c) 1%
d) 2%
e) 3 %
0 5%
g) 10%
h) 15%
i) 20%
j) 30% or more
f) 5%
g) iO%
h) 15%
i) 20%
j) 30% or more
0 5%
g) 10%
h) 15%
il 20%
j) 30% or more
Desii>nin}; New Housing at the University of Miami 305
sample of 295 regular MBA and undergraduate busi-
ness students collected by class section.
There are six different Kano categories, which are
formed by looking at the difference between the
30. responses of the first two questions on the Kano
survey. These six categories are:
• One Dimensional (O)—user satisfaction increases
proportional to performance in both the positive
and negative directions.
• Must Be (M)—user is unsatisfied with low perfor-
mance but indifferent to high performance.
• Attractive (A)—user is indifferent to low perfor-
mance but excited by high performance.
• Reverse (R) the researchers' prior view is the oppo-
site of what was found, meaning that the user is
satisfied with low performance and dissatisfied with
high performance.
• Indifferent ( I ) ^ t h e user has no feelings about pre-
sence or absence of the object in question.
• Questionable (Q) the user provided contradictory
responses to a particular cognitive issue.
For a discussion of how to classify the cognitive images
on the Kano survey into their Kano categories see
Gitlow(I999).
A cotnplete Kano quality categorization of the
cognitive images, or features, and their expected per-
centage price increase for all market segments is listed
in Table 7.
Table 8 shows the Kano quality categorizations of
the cognitive images by Kano quality category and
expected cost increase, for each market segment.
31. The cognitive images classified into the I-R-Q Kano
quality categories do not present any benefit to the indi-
viduals in a market segment. Consequently, they are
eliminated from consideration in future designs. The
cognitive images classitied into the O-M-A Kano qual-
ity categories provide an array of features that need to
be considered in future designs, as they positively
impact the market segments.
Quality Futiction Deployment (QFD)
Quality Function Deployment is a tool used to
build the "Voice ofthe User."" in this case the cognitive
images, into the design o f a product, service, or pro-
cess. Table 9 is an excerpt from the Q F D tables, which
shows the relationships between the rows, or cognitive
images, and the columns, or features. These strong
one-to-one relationships between the cognitive images
and the features occur because the cognitive images
are the features needed to fulfill customer require-
ments. For example, the cognitive image associated
with providing each room with individual climate con-
trots requires rooms to be built with individual climate
controls. This structure caused the features, now clas-
sified as CTQs. to be "present or not present" vari-
ables. Table 9 indicates that Single Occupancy rooms
are very important to all market segments. This is evi-
denced by the high normalized weight in the Single
Occupancy Room column.
ANALYZE PHASE
Introduction
32. The Analyze Phase contains four steps: Design
Generation, Design Analysis. Risk Analysis, and
Design Model. In this case study, the aim of the Ana-
lyze Phase is to develop several high-level dormitory
design concepts. In addition to this, risk assessments
will be prepared for each design. Usually, nominal
values are established for all CTQs; however, in the
dormitory example, all of the CTQs are either present
or absent, and consequently, do not have nominal
values.
Design Generation
Table 10 depicts three designs generated in the
Analyze Phase. "Undergraduate Preferences" depicts
the design selected by undergraduate students via the
Kano Questionnaire, "Graduate Preferences" depicts
the design selected by graduate students via the Kano
Questionnaire, and "Composite" depicts the design
with all ofthe O-M-A CTQs from the Kano Question-
naire.
The Analyze Phase utilizes design generation tech-
niques such as Lateral Thinking {De Bono. 1992).
TRIZ (Altshutler. 1996). and brainstorming techni-
ques. The dormitory project used brainstorming to
generate two additional designs. It was determined that
the simplest design considered should be the equivalent
of the nicest room currently available on-campus;
therefore a study of the room was performed. The
design of the room is generalized in Table 11. It is
referred to as "Eaton Hall," the name of the building
housing the rooms. Another design promotes academic
success by including "business-related" features and
services. This design is called the Business Suite design.
(Table II). All features not included in the Business
33. Suite desicn were then deemed as luxury items which
306 J.A. Johnson et al.
Tahle 7
Kano Survey results for all market segments
Cognitive images Largest Kano category E (percent increase in
pay)
Single occupancy rooms
Individual bathrooms
Qucen-sizcd bed
Broadband internet
integrated iiudio system
Intcgriiled headphone jacks
Television
Telephone
Cordless telephone
Addilionyl phone services
Personal computer rental service
Shared common printer
Large corner desk
Executive desk chair
Additional desk chairs
Climate control by room
Full-size bathtub
Microwave
Small refrigerator
Kitchenette
Appliance rental service
VCR
DVD player
Carpet
34. Tile
Enforced quiet areas
Vacuum cleaner rental service
Shared common vacuum cleaner
Accessible roof
Security guard
Laundry facility by floor
Iron and ironing board
Optional laundry service
Optional maid service
Concierge
Reserved convenient parking place
Competitive admissions (vs. conventional assignment)
Admission based on GPA
Admissions for business students only
Admissions for junior level and up only
Segregate residents by class level
Armoire
Coffee table
High-quality linens
Option to rent by semester
One Way (25.6%)
Attractive (37.5%)
Attractive (56.8%)
Attractive (36.4%)
Indifferent (49.3%)
IndilTcrent (65.3%)
Attractive (54.5%)
Attractive (34.2%)
Attractive (49.3%)
Attractive (60.0%)
Indifferent (61.8%)
Attractive (44.3%)
Attractive (54.8%)
Attractive (53.4%)
35. IndilTerent (47.1%)
Must Be (43.7%)
Attractive (29.6%)
Attractive (31.0%)
Attractive (32.4%)
Attractive (45.1%)
Indifferent (47.8%)
Attractive (40.0%)
Attractive (60.3%)
Attractive (33.3%)
Indifferent (50.7%)
Indifferent (46.4%)
Indifferent (50.7%)
Attractive (39.1%)
Attractive (42.6%)
Must Be (33.8%)
One Way (30.4%)
Indifferent (57.4%)
Attractive (47.8%)
Attractive (43.3%)
Attractive (35.3%)
Attractive (48.0%)
Indifferent (53.3%)
Indifferent (38.7%)
Reverse (25.7%)
Indifferent (43.8%)
InditTercnt (44.6%)
Attractive (43.8%)
Indifferent (61.6%)
Indifferent (48.0%)
One Way (30.7%)
6.58%
5.75%
2.99%
1.65%
37. 0.27%
0.2 i %
0.77%
0.28%
0.34%
NA
0.36%
0.45%
1.33%
led to the renaming ofthe "Composite" design as the
"Luxury Suite" design.
In summary, there are five room designs posited:
• Undergraduate Preferences—This design includes
only the features that are deemed as "One-Way."
"Attractive." or "Must-Be" via the undergraduate
responses in the Kano Questionnaire.
Gradtiate Preferences— This design includes only the
features that are deemed as "One-Way." "Attrac-
tive." or "Must-Be" via the graduate responses in
the Kano Questionnaire.
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310 J.A. Johnson et al.
53. Tahle 10
CTQ relationships between target markets
CTQ (feature or service) Undergraduate preterenees Graduate
preferences Composite
Single occupancy rooms
Individual bathrooms
Quccii-sized bed
Broadband internet
Television unit
Telephone unit
Cordless telephone unit
Additional phone services
Personal computer rental service
Shared common printer
Large corner desk
Executive desk chair
Additional desk chairs
Climate control by room
Full-size bathtub
Microwave
Small refrigerator
Kitchenette
Appliance rental service
VCR
DVD player
Carpet
Enforced quiet areas
Shared common vaeuum cleaner
Accessible roof
Security guard
Laundry facility by floor
Optional laundry service
Optional maid service
54. Concierge
Reserved convenient parking Place
Admissions for business students only
Segregate students by class level
Armoire
Option to rent by semester
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
55. X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
• Eaton Hall—This design includes only the features
of the nicest dormitory rooms currently available
on campus.
• Business Suite—This design includes only the fea-
tures and services that have large contributions to
business activities.
• Luxury Suite—This design includes all of the fea-
tures that were deemed as "One-Way," "Attractive,"
or "MusI-Bc" by any of the participating market
segments via the Kano Questionnaire.
56. Note that the Hve designs do not consider common
area designs, just the rooms themselves. However, all
designs will share the same common area design within
the building.
Design Analysis
The five designs are graded on six criteria deter-
mined by project team members through brainstorm-
ing using a Modified Pugh Matrix (Pugh. 1991),
with Eaton Hall serving as a baseline. The six criteria
are:
• Willingness of Customer to Pay More—Luxuries
come at a price that must be evaluated with respect
to customer price sensitivity. This information can
be determined by the Kano Questionnaire. This
information is included in Table 12.
• Low Repair Frequency—This is a general compari-
son to the baseline that answers the question: Will
Designing New Housing at the University of Miami 311
Tahle II
Alternative room designs
CTQ (feature or service)
Single occupancy rooms
Individual bathrooms
Queen-size bed
Broadband internet
Television unit
57. Telephone unit
Cordless telephone unit
Additional phone services
PC rental serviee
Shared common printer
Large corner desk
Executive desk ehair
Additional desk chairs
Climate control by room
Full-Size bathtub
Microwave
Small refrigerator
Kitchenette
Appliance rental service
VCR
DVD player
Carpet
Enforced quiet areas
Shared common vacuum cleaner
Accessible roof
Security guard
Laundry facility by floor
Optional laundry serviee
Optional maid serviee
Coneierge
Reserved convenient parking place
Admis.sions for business students only
Segregate residents by elass level
Armoire
Option to rent by semester
Eaton hall
X
X
61. V
this de.sign increase the frequency of needed repairs
over that of the baseline?
Ease of Repair—This is a general comparison to the
baseline that answers the question: Will this design
introduce CTQs that will unduly burden current
campus employees in repair and maintenance work?
Replacement Frequency—Does the design introduce
many CTQs that need yearly replacement?
Ease to Clean and Common Maintenance—Do any
of the introduced CTQs require an inordinate
amount of maintenance and cleaning? As an exam-
ple of this criterion, fish tanks would score a low
grade on this criterion, as they require significant
upkeep, whereas plastic plants would score high, as
they only require an occasional dusting.
• Low Cost/Benefit Ratio—This criterion considers
the cost of the design and tries to match the soft ben-
efit of appreciation of current university students
and the value as a selling point to future students.
The willingness ofa customer to pay more for a dormi-
tory facility is first broken down by individual CTQs in
Table 12. The calculations assume that the current cost
of an Eaton Hall dormitory room is $875 per month.
Given ihis cost structure, the expected values of the
customers" willingness to pay additional money for
CTQs can be determined from their input from the
Kano Questionnaire. Team members graded each
CTQ on a - I to -Hi scale. A zero can be assumed
as a break-even value on the customers" willingness
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314 J.A. Johnson et
to pay more while a - 1 reflects that the University
would lose money if it provided the CTQ. This cost
recovery is based on the Total Life Cycle Cost (TLCC)
of the CTQs (features and services). While these
TLCCs for the CTQs could not be precisely estimated,
a general consensus regarding TLCC recovery was
determined from expert advice. For instance, tenants
are expected to be willing to pay approximately
$63.75 per year for a cordless phone. Cordless phones
have a life expectancy of approximately one year in a
dormitory environment. Given that, the TLCC should
be recovered on a yearly basis. In this example, the
TLCC is very near the expected value of the amount
tenets are willing to pay for that feature, meaning that
it "graded out" at zero. The largest portion of the
TLCC of a parking place would be the coupons paid
on the bonds that finance the parking place. Therefore,
the expected value of the amount the customers are
willing to pay should exceed the coupons needed to
cover the 30-year bonds that would finance the parking
76. places. By considering TLCC and the length of a life
time for the feature or service, a perpetual recovery
can be predicted. Any "grades" below zero are a pre-
diction of an under-recovery and any "grades" above
zero are a prediction of an over-recovery. It should
also be noted that the ""grades" are not integer values
and represent the likelihood of recovery and not the
magnitudes of recovery, although there is a relation-
ship between the two. For instance, a CTQ can be
graded at 0.5 to indicate that the likelihood of over-
recovery is positive but not as likely as another CTQ
graded at 0.7. The opposite is true for negative grades.
The sums of those grades are then standardized and
used as an input into the Pugh Matrix for the different
designs. To further illustrate this concept consider the
following example:
The Kano surveys indicate that students are willing
to pay an additional 3 % in rent if they are furnished a
queen-sized bed as opposed to a twin-sized bed. This
amounts to an estimated value of $287.77 per year.
Now, the marginal TLCC o(^ furnishing a queen-sized
bed as opposed to a twin-sized bed should be consid-
ered. Given the conservative estimate ofa three-year life
span for the bed. an additional $863.31 (3 x $287.77.
ignoring interest effects for simplicity of example)
should be willingly generated by the patrons of the
dormitory due to the added vaiue of furnishing a
queen-sized bed. The addiiional cost incurred due to
upgrading this provision from that o f a twin-sized bed
should fall well below $861.31, and therefore, the Uni-
versity has a very favorable probability that they can
fully recover the cost of the queen-sized bed via rent.
This favorable probability of cost recovery is repre-
sented with a score of 0.8. indicating that an over-recov-
77. ery is actually likely. This score is also summed into the
following raw values: "Sum of Undergraduate Prefer-
ences." "Sum of Graduate Preference." and "Sum of
Luxury Suite." It is excluded from the other two sum-
mations because the Eaton and Business Suite designs
do not include a queen-sized bed. The summations are
then standardized by dividing all sums by the vaiue of
the largest sum. These standardized sums are then used
as inputs in the Modified Pugh Matrix (Table 13) in the
row labeled "Willingness of Customer to Pay More" as
a substitute for the usual + / s / - notation. This change
in notation will be discussed below.
Table 13
Modified Pugh matrix
Criteria to evaluate designs
Willingness of customer
to pay more
Low repair frequency
Ease of repair
Replacement frequency
Ease to clean and common
maintenance
Low cost/benefit ratio
Sum of positives
Sum of negatives
Difference
Weighted sum of positives
Weighted sum of negatives
Weighted difference
Baseline
81. Standardized
criteria weights
0.24
0.14
0.10
0.14
0.14
0.24
LOO
Designing New Housing at the University of Miami 315
Also note that the column "Year Sum" assumes
that the room is rented out for 11 months. All rental
services are graded out at zero because theoretically,
the University can match the price and inventory to
the demand. All CTQs with a price close to zero, yet
students are willing to pay for, are assigned a grade
of + 1 . An example of one of these features is admis-
sions for business students only. The selective admis-
sions have no direct cost, yet students are willing to
pay for it.
The standardized values in the bottom of Table 12
provide the only calculated input for the Modified
Pugh Matrix in Table 13> see "Willingness of custo-
mers to pay more" row. The other criteria were graded
on holistic level rather than one feature at a time, using
the Eaton design as the baseline. As such., Eaton
earned a score of zero for those respective criteria.
82. The other designs were then compared to Eaton and
comparatively graded on the five criteria. For example,
the cell Graduate/Low-Repair Frequency has a value
of - 0 . 1 0 because the Graduate Design included addi-
tional features that are expected to require repair more
frequently than the features included in Eaton. The
Luxury graded out at —0.20 on this feature because
it contained even more additional features that are
expected to require frequent repair. These criteria were
then weighted to composite out a final series of differ-
ences between the designs, and the weights shown were
then standardized for multiplication back against the
criteria to composite a final picture as to what would
be perceived as the best design.
The Modified Pugh Matrix results with the realiza-
tion that the Graduate Preferences concept is the best
concept, with Undergraduate and Luxury concepts
being possible substitutes.
Risk Analysis
A Hazard Analysis was used to study the risks
associated with each CTQ. This required the team
members to analyze the "hazard severity" for each
CTQ using the following scale:
• Class 1: Neghgible—Will not result in personal
injury or property damage
• Class 11: Marginal—Can be counteracted or con-
trolled without personal injury or major property
damage
• Class III: Critical Will cause personal injury or
major property damage
83. • Class IV: Catastrophic—Will cause death, severe
personal injury, or severe property loss
A full hazard analysis is depicted in Table 14.
The Hazard Analysis reveals seven Class IV hazards:
• Single Occupancy Rooms—Potential lack of help in
disabling circumstances
• Kitchenette—Potential Fire
• Microwave—Potential Fire
• Appliance Rental Service— Potential Fire
• Individual Bathrooms—Potential lack of help in
disabling circumstances
• Full-Size Bathtub—Potential lack of help in dis-
abling circumstances
• Accessible Roof—Potential Falls
There are two primary types of actions to counter
these hazards. There are actions that reduce the poten-
tial of hazards occurring and there are actions that
remove the possibility ofthe hazards. It is believed that
the tire hazards can be adequately controlled with a
fire control system, and that single occupancy room
hazards are bearable being that it is common for uni-
versities to offer single occupancy rooms. However.
the accessible roof hazard is harder to control. This
"Graduate Preferences" design excludes this feature
while "Undergraduate Preferences" and "Business/
Luxury Suite" designs do not. This is a continuation
of the evidence revealed in the Pugh Matrix that the
"Graduate Preferences" design may be the most suita-
ble because it will eliminate the hazards of falls and
84. suicide attempts. However, it should be noted that
other solutions will continue to be considered, such
as having a roof that is semi-accessible, as it could be
used for various formal functions.
Design Model
Finally, a model has to be put forth that captures
the leading design, that is, the "Graduate Preferences"
design. The model was created with Broderbund's 3D
Home Architect 4.0 and is depicted in Figure 1. Figure 1
shows a room layout with the dimensions intentionally
not included. However, it is within range of what is
expected to be available for a single room.
DESIGN PHASE
Introduction
Tbe Design Phase has four steps: constructing a
detailed design, converting CTQs into Critical to Pro-
cess elements (CTPs), estimating the capabilities ofthe
CTPs in the design, and preparing a verifieation plan.
' * "ra
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121. Figure I. Room layout.
CTPs are revised definitions of CTQs that are measur-
able using statistical methods. In the dormitory exam-
ple, the CTQs. such as inclusion of a queen-sized bed,
are not easily converted into data measurable in
Defects Per Million Opportunities (DPMO). As such,
for purposes of this case study. CTQs and CTPs are
interchangeable terms that will refer to cither the inclu-
sion or exclusion oi^ the studied features.
Construction of a Detailed Design
The design phase develops a detailed design of the
actual product, service, or process to be delivered. In
CTQ
(feature or service) Undergraduate Graduate
Luxury
suite
Single occupancy x
rooms
Individual bathrooms x
Climate control x
by room
Full-size bathtub x
Kitchenette x
Carpet x
X
X
122. X
X
X
X
X
X
X
the dormitory case, the product to be delivered is a
design concept, not the actual dormitory, and as such,
detailed specifications will not be stipplied. As an exam-
ple. Figure I explicitly removed all dimensions from the
floor plan, as the idea ofthe floor plan is the actual out-
put. Whether the room is 19 feet long or 21 feet long is
more the concern of the architect given other external
restrictions such as available land area and building
codes, as well as other stakeholders who will take the
outputs of this project in the Verify Phase.
The physical facilities requirements of the room,
by design, are shown in Table 15, as these would be
permanently placed into the room.
The room layout shown in Figure I is developed
from Table 15. and is going to be fixed into place once
the concrete forms are poured. Note that this floor
plan shows a bathtub in the bathroom, despite the fact
that the graduates preferred to not have a bathtub.
Given that the single rooms, such as those in Eaton
123. Hail, have bathtubs, this is not a significant change.
Furthermore, the eost of a bathtub is not very high
relative to the cost of tiling an entire shower; therefore
to remain generie and standardized, all bathrooms will
be fitted with bathtubs.
Given that the physical constraints ofthe building
are not all that relevant in the design., the primary pro-
blem becomes that of furnishings. The Kano survey
determined the furnishings that belong in each room.
Table 16 shows the listing of the furnishings that will
be placed in eaeh style of room.
Table 16 shows that these furnishings are also very
similar between all three ofthe available options. The
difference among furnishings for the three designs is
small, so a standardized room closely resembling the
Luxury Suite appears to be the best option.
The final portion of the dormitory that must be
designed in the common areas. Many of the common
area CTQs were highlighted by the Kano survey
and discussions with stakeholders. For example, there
319
320 J.A. Johnson et al.
Tahle 16
Furnishings by design type
Table IS
Services desired by design type
124. CTQ Luxury CTQ Luxury
(feature or service) Undergraduate Graduate suite (feature or
service) Undergraduate Graduate suite
Queen-stze bed
Television unit
Telephone unil
Cordless telephone-unit
Large corner desk
Executive desk chair
Additional desk chairs
Microwave
Small refrigerator
Kitchenette
VCR
DVD player
Armoire
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
125. X
must be some sort of mail distribution facility, which is
dictated by law.
Other design issues relating to the fad that the
dormitory is to be a residential college were not consid-
ered by this project; for example, the team had no
input regarding classrooms and other academic and
social facilities. However, two common area design
CTQs that were addressed are shown in Table 17.
The requirements here are clear and no further expla-
nation is required.
The tlnal area to be addressed is the services that
the dormitory will provide. Table 18 shows a list of
service CTQs by design option.
Table 18 shows a distinct difference between the
Undergraduate design and the other two designs, as
the Undergraduate design does not require many
services. However, this difference is not as significant
as it might seem at first. The key factor here is that
the marginal cost of providing many of the services
demanded by the Graduate and Luxury designs
approach zero.
The only two services not covered by the marginal
cost problem are those dealing with the segregation of
Table 17
Common area requirements by design type
CTQ
(feature or service)
126. Luxury
Undergraduate Graduate suite
Laundry facility
by floor
Reserved convenient
parking place
Broadband internet x
Additional phone x
services
PC rental service X
Shared common x
printer
Appliance rental
service
Enforced quiet areas
Shared common x
vacuum cleaner
Accessible roof x
Security guard x
Optional laundry x
service
Optional maid x
service
Concierge
Admissions for
busines.s
127. students only
Segregate residents by
class level
Option to rent by
semester
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
students by educational status {undergraduate, gradu-
ate, and executive-in-residence). The Undergraduate
design favors an open door policy, which is in strict
opposition to the segregated views of the other two
design types. Other stakeholders, including the
Dean ofthe School of Business Administration, favor
a segregated structure for the dormitory; conse-
quently, the building will be segregated by educational
status.
The final design derived from the three significant
Pugh designs will contain the CTQs shown in Table 19.
Figure 2 shows what a residential floor would look
128. like, given the constraints placed by the dimensions of
the plot of land, and integration of common areas and
other required items such as stairs, elevators, and trash
disposal.
Estimating the Capabilities of the C T Q s in the Design
In this case, the CTQs are either present or absent,
hence, it is impossible to have a process capability mea-
sure for a CTQ., for example, a "television set" is either
provided, or not provided.
Designing New Housing at the University of Miami 321
Table 19
Final design featiu-es
CTQ (feature or service) Reduced design
Single occupancy rooms
Individual bathrooms
Quccn-size bed
Broadband internet
Television unit
Telephone unit
Cordless telephone unit
Additioiial phone services
PC rental service
Shared common printer
Large corner desk
Executive desk chair
Additional desk chairs
Climate control by room
Full-size bathtub
129. Microwave
Small refrigerator
Kitchenette
Appliance rental service
VCR
DVD player
Carpet
Enforced quiet areas
Sbared common vacuum cleaner
Accessible roof
Security guard
Laundry facility by floor
Optional laundry service
Optional maid service
Concierge
Reserved convenient parking place
Admissions for business students only
Segregate residents by class level
Armoire
Option to rent by semester
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
131. X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Preparing a Verification Plan
The final step in the Design Phase is to set up a con-
trol system to keep the new design from deteriorating
under the force of entropy. This involves setting up
control charts and other metrics to track the CTQs.
However, as with the previous section., this part ofthe
Verification Plan does not apply because this project
is just a concept piece.
This step also includes a plan to ensure that this new
design can be scaled up from the drawing board and
become reaUty. The floor plans and three-dimensional
renderings need to beeome prototypes for testing, and
from there, to become the means for constructing a fully
functional residential college building.
132. Figure 2. Floor plan.
VERIFY P H A S E
Introduction
The intent ofthe Verify Phase includes facilitating
the buy-in of process owners, designing a control and
transition plan, and concluding the DMADV project.
The results of this DMADV project are highly concep-
tual and it is not a substitute for the crafts and
disciplines of engineers and architects. The result of this
project is a starting point for the professionals that will
now continue the process of building this dormitory.
Process Owner Buy-In
Process owners need to be involved to facilitate
buy-in to the final design. In the dormitory example,
the process owners were kept intimately involved in
the project. Additionally, the results have been dis-
cussed with appropriate stakeholders and 3-D models
have been rendered and reviewed by the stakeholders.
The Champion for the project has long-term working
relationships with all stakeholders that create trust
and energy regarding the work of the team, further
facilitating process owner buy-in.
Transitional Controls
A summarized checklist of the findings of this pro-
ject was developed in the Design Phase. This checklist
322 J.A. Johnson et al.
133. should act as a guide for the engineers and architects
who will further develop llie project. All bids must
include historical process capabilities of the bidding
parties. These process capabilities may include:
• Defects per units constructed
• Timeliness of deliveries
• Timeliness of construction
• Defects per units fabricated
• Rework time per initial man hours invested
• Fines per project ihat result from construction regu-
lation violations
All bids must include Gantt charts with budgets
that can be contractually agreed upon.
Ongoing Controls
A preventive maintetianee system per manufac-
turer recommendations must be implemented after
construction. There must be a detailed flow chart for
every preventive maintenance task. All regular mainte-
nance must be extensively logged and conlrol charted
by hours to provide essential details for determining
special causes of variation in the future. Additionally,
the number of hours may be reduced via the PDSA
cycle. This will minimize the inconveniences experi-
enced by the tenants due to property failures.
Occupancy indicator control charts must also be
implemented. They include;
• Number of applications per semester
• Percentage of rented rooins by semester
134. • Number of students on a waiting list by semester
• Time between meeting capacity and move-in date by
semester
The previotisly mentioned controls can be most effec-
tively initiated with a dashboard dedicated to mana-
ging the dormitory. The partial dashboard in Table 20
is well suited as a starting point.
The final part of the Verify Phase is to maintain
communication between the champion and the process
owner. These lines of communication will alleviate any
confusion or other unforeseen problems that will inevi-
tably develop. It will ensure that the conceptual design
is not compromised by outside forces and entropy.
This concludes the project. This process will now
be turned over to the process owner with control plans
for future turns of the PDSA cycle and the team will
now disband, celebrate their success, and take on other
projects.
CONCLUSION
"Six Sigma" management is the relentless and rigor-
ous pursuit of the reduction of variation in all critical
processes in an organization. Its purpose is to achieve
continuous and breakthrough improvements that impact
the bottom line and increase customer satisfaction. The
two methods employed in Six Sigma initiatives to achieve
Key objectives
Dormitory
135. Key
Partial
management
indicators
Table 20
dormitory management dashboard
Projects
Minimize TLCC
Minimize
student
inconveniences
Maximize
reveunc
# of PM work order
hours per month
# of non-PM work
order hours per month
# of nights any tennet
must be displaced due
to dormitory issues (i.e.,
broken water lines, etc.)
# of common inconveniences
documented per month (i.e.,
interiipl student to momentarily
136. work on their A / C switch, etc.)
% of rented rooms by month
# of students on waiting list
Average time room is
imrentabic due lo repair
between occupancies
Determine relationship on the
TLCC with respect lo preventive
maintenance work orders and
optimize this relationshiop
Pareto diagram reasons for student
inconveniences and then use Ihc PDSA cycle
Designing INew Housing at the Universiiy of Miami 323
this high standard of quality are called the DMAIC
method and the DMADV method. The DMAIC method
is used primarily for improvement of an existing product.
service, or process, while the DMADV method is used
primarily for the invention and innovation of modified
or new products, services, or processes. This paper
focused on the DMADV method.
The Define Phase of the DMADV model has five
components: establish the background and business
case; assess the ri.sks, benefits, and costs ofthe project;
form the product development team; develop the pro-
ject plan; and write the project charter. The Measure
Phase has three steps: segment the market, design
and conduct a Kano survey, and finally, use the Kano
137. survey results as Quality Function Deployment inputs
to find Critical to Quality Characteristics (CTQs). The
Analyze Phase contains four steps; Design Generation,
Design Analysis. Risk Analysis, and Design Model.
The Design Phase has four steps: constructing a
detailed design, converting CTQs into critical to Pro-
cess elements (CTPs), estimating the capabilities of
the CTPs in the design, and preparing a verification
plan. CTPs are revised definitions of CTQs that are
measurable using statistical methods. The intent of
the Verify Phase includes facilitating the buy-in of
process owners, designing a control and transition
plan, and concluding the DMADV project. Each of
the above phases was illustrated using a dormitory case
study.
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Adam Johnson graduated from Auburn University in
December of 2000 with a Bachelor of Science in
Mechanical Engineering. He received his Master of
Business Administration at the University of Miami
and is a Six Sigma Black Belt.
Scott Widener graduated from Iowa State Univer-
sity in May of 2001, with a Bachelor of Science in
Ceramic Engineering, and from the University of
Miami in May of 2003 with a Master of Business
Administration in Quality Management. He is a Six
Sigma Black Belt.
Dr. Edward Popovich is Vice President of Process
Excellence at Boca Raton Community Hospital. He
has taught at the University of Florida, University of
Central Florida, Florida Atlantic University, Nova
Southeastern University, and has guest-lectured at
138. several other universities.
Dr. Howard S. Gitlow is Executive Director of the
Institute for the Study of Quality and a Professor of
Management Science, University of Miami. Coral
Gables, Florida. He is a Six Sigma Master Black Belt
and a Fellow of the American Society for Quality.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We are grateful to Jason Niggley for his contribu-
tions in organizing and leading the discussions of the
focus groups and his contributions to the content of
this article.
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