International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Role of Learning Process in Capability Development and Business Performance o...ijtsrd
The purpose of this research is to analyze how the influence of internal learning of employees, external learning obtained from suppliers and consumers, and ownership of processes and equipment, on the performance of the company. This research also examines the role of human resources as moderator in the relationship between process ownership and equipment with performance. The research population that became the object of this research covers all manufacturing companies operating in Indonesia. The population is a manufacturing company registered by the Manufacturing Company Directory published by the Statistics Centre Bureau of, 2010. The sample is determined by using purposive sampling technique, and the sample selected is a manufacturing company with criteria that have medium and large scale. From the results of hypothesis testing then some of the main findings are presented in this section. First, internal learning positively affects technological capabilities, indicating that ownership of tools and technologies is encouraged or enhanced by improving the internal learning process. The main findings of both studies indicate that external learning will encourage companies to increase their ownership of equipment and technology. Humans are recognized as controllers in the use and utilization of technology. This study is the first step to undertake the development of empirical studies by considering further factors that determine success in resource management and technology primarily through organizational learning. Furthermore, the findings of this study also indicate the factors of operating strategy that moderate ownership of tools and technology companies to performance. Lena Ellitan"Role of Learning Process in Capability Development and Business Performance of East Java Manufacturing Firms: Resources as Moderator" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd5877.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/management/strategic-management/5877/role-of-learning-process-in-capability-development-and-business-performance-of-east-java-manufacturing-firms-resources-as-moderator/lena-ellitan
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Enhancement of the performance of an industry by the application of tqm conceptseSAT Journals
Abstract Nowadays many companies are unable to prove their performance, because they do not practice the TQM concepts in- total. In order to increase the awareness, certain TQM techniques are suggested to enhance overall performance of the organisations. Here an effort is made to apply two important basic concepts of TQM which are i)continuous improvement of production process by applying newer and innovative methods ii)establishing performance measures for the processes .This paper uses the real experimental results of cartons making industry which comprises the four machines such as Printing , Punching , Gluer and Lamination machines. We get all the machines input and output details, and then made certain suggestions based on the input values of all the four machines. Presently the four machines output values such as Availability, Performance, Quality and Overall Equipment Effectiveness are very low compared with the world class industry. In order to increase them it is suggested to reduce the downtime and other non-productive time by adopting certain simple TQM techniques. The new improved values found to be much higher than the existing values. Keywords: Total Quality Management, Availability, Performance, Quality, Overall Equipment Effectiveness, Quality Improvement.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Impact on integration of Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma in various applicat...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Lean Manufacturing is a concept of improving the speed and efficiency of an organization by
eliminating waste. On the other hand Six Sigma is a continuous improvement plan that is proposed to reduce
variability. This paper presents the concept of integrating Lean manufacturing and six sigma, and the approach
how the two concepts are merged in industries to increase the product through put and to improve the quality of
the product by reducing the process variability. An approach to L6σ is also reviewed along with its Application.
Keywords - Lean Manufacturing, Six Sigma, L6
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Role of Learning Process in Capability Development and Business Performance o...ijtsrd
The purpose of this research is to analyze how the influence of internal learning of employees, external learning obtained from suppliers and consumers, and ownership of processes and equipment, on the performance of the company. This research also examines the role of human resources as moderator in the relationship between process ownership and equipment with performance. The research population that became the object of this research covers all manufacturing companies operating in Indonesia. The population is a manufacturing company registered by the Manufacturing Company Directory published by the Statistics Centre Bureau of, 2010. The sample is determined by using purposive sampling technique, and the sample selected is a manufacturing company with criteria that have medium and large scale. From the results of hypothesis testing then some of the main findings are presented in this section. First, internal learning positively affects technological capabilities, indicating that ownership of tools and technologies is encouraged or enhanced by improving the internal learning process. The main findings of both studies indicate that external learning will encourage companies to increase their ownership of equipment and technology. Humans are recognized as controllers in the use and utilization of technology. This study is the first step to undertake the development of empirical studies by considering further factors that determine success in resource management and technology primarily through organizational learning. Furthermore, the findings of this study also indicate the factors of operating strategy that moderate ownership of tools and technology companies to performance. Lena Ellitan"Role of Learning Process in Capability Development and Business Performance of East Java Manufacturing Firms: Resources as Moderator" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd5877.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/management/strategic-management/5877/role-of-learning-process-in-capability-development-and-business-performance-of-east-java-manufacturing-firms-resources-as-moderator/lena-ellitan
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Enhancement of the performance of an industry by the application of tqm conceptseSAT Journals
Abstract Nowadays many companies are unable to prove their performance, because they do not practice the TQM concepts in- total. In order to increase the awareness, certain TQM techniques are suggested to enhance overall performance of the organisations. Here an effort is made to apply two important basic concepts of TQM which are i)continuous improvement of production process by applying newer and innovative methods ii)establishing performance measures for the processes .This paper uses the real experimental results of cartons making industry which comprises the four machines such as Printing , Punching , Gluer and Lamination machines. We get all the machines input and output details, and then made certain suggestions based on the input values of all the four machines. Presently the four machines output values such as Availability, Performance, Quality and Overall Equipment Effectiveness are very low compared with the world class industry. In order to increase them it is suggested to reduce the downtime and other non-productive time by adopting certain simple TQM techniques. The new improved values found to be much higher than the existing values. Keywords: Total Quality Management, Availability, Performance, Quality, Overall Equipment Effectiveness, Quality Improvement.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Impact on integration of Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma in various applicat...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Lean Manufacturing is a concept of improving the speed and efficiency of an organization by
eliminating waste. On the other hand Six Sigma is a continuous improvement plan that is proposed to reduce
variability. This paper presents the concept of integrating Lean manufacturing and six sigma, and the approach
how the two concepts are merged in industries to increase the product through put and to improve the quality of
the product by reducing the process variability. An approach to L6σ is also reviewed along with its Application.
Keywords - Lean Manufacturing, Six Sigma, L6
In the present scenario of competitive market, manufacturing companies are struggling to grab the interest and requirements of customers in a well manner by providing sufficient and innovative services in agile manner. Companies those who have adopted agile manufacturing methods have gain a lot of market shares and profit s. It is seen as the winning strategy to be adopted by manufacturers bracing themselves for dramatic performance enhancements to become national and international leaders in an increasingly competitive market of fast changing customer requirements. To further the understanding of agility, this paper reviews the meaning of agility from different management driver’s criteria and attributes and suggests a comprehensive definition which can be adopted as a working definition by practitioners. The main aim of this study is to emphasis on the management drivers of agile manufacturing and make them more efficient by sucking out the drawbacks inside them and focus on some beneficial criteria’s of each management drivers.
An Analytic Network Process Modeling to Assess Technological Innovation Capab...drboon
To handle swift changes in global environment, Technological Innovation Capabilities (TICs) is one crucial and unique strategy to increase firms’ competitiveness. This research proposed a systematic framework of TICs assessment by employing Analytic Network Process (ANP) method for solving the complicate decision-making and assessing the interrelationship among various evaluation factors, whereas the relative important weight data were provided by industrial experts based on pair-wise comparison. With the novel TIC assessment model, high-level managers could easily gain management information to rationalizes the decision-making process based on the most important criteria which affect the firms’ competitive advantages and the highest priority factors which were needed to be handled. The last section also displayed the application of TICs assessment on three Thai automotive parts firms, as case study.
The Role of Strategic Management and Modern Agricultural Technology in Develo...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The research aims to determine the role of agricultural system managers in Iraq in the field of strategic management and agricultural technology in developing field crops cultivation, and to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher prepared A five-Axis questionnaire, which included 40 paragraphs for middle and executive directors, divided into five Axis, and dealt with [content, a questionnaire that included message scale, strategic analysis, vision formulation, characteristics of importance, objectives, types of strategies, strategy levels, strategy characteristics, strategy implementation, strategy evaluation.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Best Manufacturing practice adoptions by Indian IndustriesIJERA Editor
The purpose of this study is to develop a new model to provide guidance and support for Indian manufacturing companies who aim to reach at global level standards both in maintenance and manufacturing processes through continual improvement. Based on this study, a strategic model was developed through conceptual integration of popular process improvement strategies, which are based on ISO, TQM, TPM , Lean Production, six-sigma & TPM. An attempt was made to analyze and address some major limitations of existing models to pave the way of achieving manufacturing excellence
A Review: Six Sigma Implementation Practice in Manufacturing IndustriesIJERA Editor
Higher Productivity achievement is very crucial factor for the field of production. With the High productivity
various other factors must be taken in to consideration in manufacturing industries such as global competitors,
diversity in product range, lead time and customer demand in terms of quality and quantity. A new benchmark
called Six Sigma has been invented for dealing with all these needs. Six sigma is a quality initiative which
reduces variations in a process and helps to lower the cost of product as well as process. The objective of this
paper is to review and examine the advancement and encounters of six sigma practices in Global manufacturing
Industries and identify the key tools for each step in successful Six Sigma project execution. The paper also
integrates the lessons learned from successful six sigma projects and their prospective applications in various
manufacturing Industries. In today scenario, many global manufacturing industries operate their processes at the
two to four sigma quality levels.
Roadmap of Six Sigma for Engineering Collegesijtsrd
A quality improvement tool called Six Sigma and its extension Lean Sigma has gained lot of attention and importance in service sector especially in engineering education. Six Sigma has several benefits in education and specifically provides a competitive edge over others. As per the old belief that only manufacturing organizations can be benefitted by Six Sigma, now a day study found the tremendous applications and applicability of Lean and Six Sigma in engineering colleges. There are still a number of issues related to the nature of education systems that must be resolved before the full benefits of Six Sigma can be realized. In this paper, the issue related with the practical application and implementation of Six Sigma through various angles as such: analytical, institutional, and personal point are studied. Awareness of the existence of such issues, if not the answers to all of them, is a pre-requisite to effective adoption of Six Sigma tools. A general roadmap for Six Sigma that can be applicable in engineering colleges is presented here. Mr. K. R. Gawande | Prof. Dr. Rajeev V. V."Roadmap of Six Sigma for Engineering Colleges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd5725.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/5725/roadmap-of-six-sigma-for-engineering-colleges/mr-k-r-gawande
Six Sigma and Educational Quality Managementijtsrd
The six sigma methods barriers, features, and weaknesses will allow the organization to support its strategic directions and increase the need for coaching supervision and training. It creates appropriate opportunities for the implementation of six Sigma for educational strategies. This article reflects the evolutionary review of the advantages and challenges of the six sigma project and recognizes the influential elements of the successful approach in educational institutions. This paper aims to investigate the role of Six Sigma in the academic quality ofan organization and its success. Latifa Rahman "Six Sigma and Educational Quality Management" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49824.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/49824/six-sigma-and-educational-quality-management/latifa-rahman
In the present scenario of competitive market, manufacturing companies are struggling to grab the interest and requirements of customers in a well manner by providing sufficient and innovative services in agile manner. Companies those who have adopted agile manufacturing methods have gain a lot of market shares and profit s. It is seen as the winning strategy to be adopted by manufacturers bracing themselves for dramatic performance enhancements to become national and international leaders in an increasingly competitive market of fast changing customer requirements. To further the understanding of agility, this paper reviews the meaning of agility from different management driver’s criteria and attributes and suggests a comprehensive definition which can be adopted as a working definition by practitioners. The main aim of this study is to emphasis on the management drivers of agile manufacturing and make them more efficient by sucking out the drawbacks inside them and focus on some beneficial criteria’s of each management drivers.
An Analytic Network Process Modeling to Assess Technological Innovation Capab...drboon
To handle swift changes in global environment, Technological Innovation Capabilities (TICs) is one crucial and unique strategy to increase firms’ competitiveness. This research proposed a systematic framework of TICs assessment by employing Analytic Network Process (ANP) method for solving the complicate decision-making and assessing the interrelationship among various evaluation factors, whereas the relative important weight data were provided by industrial experts based on pair-wise comparison. With the novel TIC assessment model, high-level managers could easily gain management information to rationalizes the decision-making process based on the most important criteria which affect the firms’ competitive advantages and the highest priority factors which were needed to be handled. The last section also displayed the application of TICs assessment on three Thai automotive parts firms, as case study.
The Role of Strategic Management and Modern Agricultural Technology in Develo...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The research aims to determine the role of agricultural system managers in Iraq in the field of strategic management and agricultural technology in developing field crops cultivation, and to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher prepared A five-Axis questionnaire, which included 40 paragraphs for middle and executive directors, divided into five Axis, and dealt with [content, a questionnaire that included message scale, strategic analysis, vision formulation, characteristics of importance, objectives, types of strategies, strategy levels, strategy characteristics, strategy implementation, strategy evaluation.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Best Manufacturing practice adoptions by Indian IndustriesIJERA Editor
The purpose of this study is to develop a new model to provide guidance and support for Indian manufacturing companies who aim to reach at global level standards both in maintenance and manufacturing processes through continual improvement. Based on this study, a strategic model was developed through conceptual integration of popular process improvement strategies, which are based on ISO, TQM, TPM , Lean Production, six-sigma & TPM. An attempt was made to analyze and address some major limitations of existing models to pave the way of achieving manufacturing excellence
A Review: Six Sigma Implementation Practice in Manufacturing IndustriesIJERA Editor
Higher Productivity achievement is very crucial factor for the field of production. With the High productivity
various other factors must be taken in to consideration in manufacturing industries such as global competitors,
diversity in product range, lead time and customer demand in terms of quality and quantity. A new benchmark
called Six Sigma has been invented for dealing with all these needs. Six sigma is a quality initiative which
reduces variations in a process and helps to lower the cost of product as well as process. The objective of this
paper is to review and examine the advancement and encounters of six sigma practices in Global manufacturing
Industries and identify the key tools for each step in successful Six Sigma project execution. The paper also
integrates the lessons learned from successful six sigma projects and their prospective applications in various
manufacturing Industries. In today scenario, many global manufacturing industries operate their processes at the
two to four sigma quality levels.
Roadmap of Six Sigma for Engineering Collegesijtsrd
A quality improvement tool called Six Sigma and its extension Lean Sigma has gained lot of attention and importance in service sector especially in engineering education. Six Sigma has several benefits in education and specifically provides a competitive edge over others. As per the old belief that only manufacturing organizations can be benefitted by Six Sigma, now a day study found the tremendous applications and applicability of Lean and Six Sigma in engineering colleges. There are still a number of issues related to the nature of education systems that must be resolved before the full benefits of Six Sigma can be realized. In this paper, the issue related with the practical application and implementation of Six Sigma through various angles as such: analytical, institutional, and personal point are studied. Awareness of the existence of such issues, if not the answers to all of them, is a pre-requisite to effective adoption of Six Sigma tools. A general roadmap for Six Sigma that can be applicable in engineering colleges is presented here. Mr. K. R. Gawande | Prof. Dr. Rajeev V. V."Roadmap of Six Sigma for Engineering Colleges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd5725.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/5725/roadmap-of-six-sigma-for-engineering-colleges/mr-k-r-gawande
Six Sigma and Educational Quality Managementijtsrd
The six sigma methods barriers, features, and weaknesses will allow the organization to support its strategic directions and increase the need for coaching supervision and training. It creates appropriate opportunities for the implementation of six Sigma for educational strategies. This article reflects the evolutionary review of the advantages and challenges of the six sigma project and recognizes the influential elements of the successful approach in educational institutions. This paper aims to investigate the role of Six Sigma in the academic quality ofan organization and its success. Latifa Rahman "Six Sigma and Educational Quality Management" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49824.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/49824/six-sigma-and-educational-quality-management/latifa-rahman
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Critical analysis of Six Sigma implementationKamran Moosaa.docxannettsparrow
Critical analysis of Six Sigma implementation
Kamran Moosaa∗ and Ali Sajidb
aCEO—PIQC, Institute of Quality, Lahore, Pakistan; bInstitute of Business Management,
University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
The Six Sigma programme has recently gained popularity throughout the world. There
are a number of claims of its successes as well as failures. Successful claims are mostly
supported in the literature with the popular case studies of Motorola, GE, and some
other American companies. Based on the popularity of these success stories, many
companies started implementation of this programme. Some did it successfully while
many failed to achieve the desired results. This paper explores and analyses the
critical success and failure factors of implementing Six Sigma in organisations based
on lessons drawn from real life practices and case studies, as well as available
literature. The paper also draws useful conclusions and recommendations for
strategists, CEO’s and quality managers on how to effectively implement Six Sigma.
Keywords: Six Sigma implementation; Six Sigma metric; Six Sigma structure; Six
Sigma methodology; total quality management (TQM); ISO 9000
Background
Total Quality Management (TQM) is a sub-discipline of management science which aims
to define, set, control and improve the effectiveness of an organisation within its con-
straints. It has been named and labelled by different nomenclatures in its evolution over
the last 60 years or so, such as quality control (QC), quality assurance (QA), total
quality control (TQC), company-wide quality control (CWQC), TQM, or quality manage-
ment systems (QMS). Since then, a paradigm shift in the core concept has occurred in the
field of TQM by expanding the process of measurement, control and improvement from
the testing/inspection departments to all departments in all types of firms, which may
be manufacturing or service. Having implemented TQM, it means that the organisation
is essentially using the philosophy of standardisation, customer satisfaction and continual
improvement. For this purpose, this field uses many tools, methods, standards or pro-
grammes continuously being evolved by top class practicing companies, practitioners,
or academicians. Six Sigma is the latest entry in this field.
Introduction
Six Sigma is an improvement methodology in the field of Total Quality Management
(TQM). It is defined as ‘a methodology for pursuing continuous improvement in customer
satisfaction and profit that goes beyond defect reduction and emphasizes business process
improvement in general’ (Breyfogle III, 2003). It aims for an error free business environ-
ment (Pyzdek, 2003). It was originally introduced in the US by Motorola in the late 1980s
ISSN 1478-3363 print/ISSN 1478-3371 online
# 2010 Taylor & Francis
DOI: 10.1080/14783363.2010.483100
http://www.informaworld.com
∗Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
Total Quality Management
Vol. 21, No. 7, .
The Effect of Implementing of Six Sigma Approach in Improving the Quality of ...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The main important issue in education curriculum
currently is best quality in higher learning. The stakeholders
and the growing competitive environment has have increased
the demand for higher quality. Previously, Six Sigma has
successfully been applied in the product and service
improvement in the field of business, but still, this concept has
not yet been adopted in the higher education. This study
outlined the models that can be adopted by improving the
quality of higher learning by applying this concept. Applying
the six sigma principles, for instance, the continuous
improvement, reduction in waste, and process improvement
apply closely to the accreditation agencies and the higher
education institutions missions. The study used the
questionnaire instrument to collect the data randomly from a
sample of (357) respondents representing the general staff of
higher education institutes at Kingdom of Bahrain. It has been
established that majority of the institutions (56.7 per cent) use
six sigma model in improving quality. They invest in
communicating the quality objectives to the employees. This is
important as communicating quality objectives and the
modalities of attaining them are important to the institution.
Study recommended ensuring that there is elaboration and
well-communicated quality policy, and it is essential to be
known by all stakeholders.
SIX SIGMA 10
A Prospective and Retrospective Study of Six Sigma
Former Student
ABC University
Background
According to Tjahjono et al. (2015), Six Sigma was incepted by Motorola in the 1980s after discovering that the poor quality of the company’s products cost much capital in production. Approximately, the cost of production was about 15%-20% of the company’s sales revenues. Its production process had low capacity and a significant percentage of its products matched neither the market standards nor the customers’ requirements. As a result, Motorola incurred huge losses in scrapping, field word, rework, and return or recall of the products that it had already shipped to customers (Sujova, Simanova, & Marcinekova, 2016).
The company became aware that improving production process so that only a few or none of its products had defects could significantly reduce the costs associated with poor quality. In fact, Pande et al. (2008) explained that such an approach would directly boost the company’s productivity. The desire to upgrade Motorola’s production prompted its engineer to propose the idea of using the Six Sigma strategy to achieve a quality standard below 3.4 DPMO (Defects Per Million Opportunities). Since the quality standard of that time was 35,000 DPMO, Motorola set a high target.
Six Sigma brought much success to Motorola, Therefore, it was adopted by many Fortune 500 companies during the 1990s. The company’s performance also improved. Some of the large organizations that topped the list of the first adopters of Six Sigma were 3M, AlliedSignal (the current Honeywell), and GE, with the latter using it in various new practices. Later on, GE stated that it had made Six Sigma part of its business strategy and culture. GE’s use of Six Sigma brought much success, which encouraged several small and medium-sized businesses to adopt it. With nearly four decades since its inception, Six Sigma’s purposes have outgrown defect-rate measure to become a crucial, robust improvement method with a set of unique beneficial practices that suit nearly all the operations of a company (Sujova, Simanova, & Marcinekova, 2016).
Description of Problem
Six Sigma was first incepted by Motorola, and has been used by many organizations from that time. While there is anecdotal evidence to support the overall effectiveness of Six Sigma, academic research on it appears to be in its early phases. This paper’s research problem focuses on the link between Six Sigma and management, with much emphasis laid on how it is used in quality management. In providing a solution to this problem, the research will first review the current study on Six Sigma, after which it will conduct a critical analysis of Six Sigma based on management literature.
Research Objectives
The primary objective of this research is to incorporate the concept of Six Sigma in companies with a different (lower) system of managing quality to determine the change in their process performa.
The growth rate of fair-size institutions and Organization is directly related to the
implementation of Six Sigma Methodology. This paper consists of detailed analysis regarding application
of six sigma Methodologies in Organizations and Institutions. This paper provides an overview to the
literature into various categories and considers various methods/techniques suggested in the literature.
Based on the review, avenues for further research are also discussed.
Elimination of rework in V Cap by Using Six Sigma MethodologyIJERD Editor
The purpose of this project was to gain a strong understanding of Six Sigma management philosophy, concepts, and practices and to apply this knowledge to creating a Six Sigma academic course or training program. This was done through three main methods: preliminary research and data collection, the creation of a design model for Six Sigma academic course program establishment, and the creation of a Six Sigma academic course program syllabus. The preliminary research consisted of conducting a Six Sigma knowledge survey with the students of Worcester Polytechnic Institute, interviewing a Six Sigma expert, and examining current Six Sigma educational programs in other universities, businesses, and organizations. As a result of our observations, we determined that Six Sigma has become a large part of many companies and should be implemented into more engineering programs at universities nation-wide, including Worcester Polytechnic Institute. This can be done through a project based course, as well as more Six Sigma based Interactive and Major Qualifying Projects.
Six Sigma Methodologies and its Application in Manufacturing FirmsDr. Amarjeet Singh
Six Sigma is a methodology for process improvement as well as a statistical concept that looks for to determine the variation intrinsic in any process. Six Sigma represents process, that is having 3.4 defects per million opportunities. i.e. 99.99966 % of the products from a Six Sigma process are perfect. Firms can impact their sigma level by combining main principles from the Six Sigma methodology into leadership styles, process management, and improvement activities. Main principle of the technique is a focus on the customer. There are many challenges in the implementation of Six Sigma. A well-run manufacturing team can make the entire firm more successful through cost-saving measures, increased quality and a larger inventory of products that the company can market. The Six Sigma objective is to make sure the process has minimum defects(3.4 defects per million chances). Every aspect of the process must be carefully planned and documented in detail in order for manufacturing to go efficiently. The main aspect of Six Sigma for enhancement in the manufacturing industry is to maximize the financial returns.
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications,.docxnormanibarber20063
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2012 1
ISSN 2250-3153
www.ijsrp.org
Understanding the Benefits and Limitations of Six Sigma
Methodology
Nilesh V Fursule, Dr. Satish V Bansod, Swati N. Fursule
Abstract- Six Sigma is both a philosophy and a methodology
that improves quality by analyzing data with statistics to find the
root cause of quality problems and to implement controls.
Statistically, Six Sigma refers to a process in which the range
between the mean of a process quality measurement and the
nearest specification limit is at least six times the standard
deviation of the process.
Despite the pervasiveness of Six Sigma program
implementations, there is increasing concern about
implementation failures. One reason many Six Sigma programs
fail is because an implementation model on how to effectively
guide the implementation of these programs is lacking. While Six
Sigma is increasingly implemented in industry, little academic
research has been done on Six Sigma and its influence on quality
management theory and application. There is a criticism that Six
Sigma simply puts traditional quality management practices in a
new package. To investigate this issue and the role of Six Sigma
in quality management, this study reviewed both the traditional
quality management and Six Sigma literatures. Quality
professionals are aware that the six-sigma methodology employs
existing, well-known tools developed in quality sciences and are
based on the works of Deming, Juran, Ishikawa, Taguchi, and
others. Nevertheless six sigma, a Motorola innovation, has been a
positive force. A good presentation – black belts and green belts
honoring six-sigma experts – can make statistical process
improvement, and the systematic six-sigma methodology taste
good, and do good work.
Index Terms- lean manufacturing, six sigma, DMAIC, SCM
I. INTRODUCTION
ix Sigma is both a philosophy and a methodology that
improves quality by analyzing data with statistics to find the
root cause of quality problems and to implement controls.
Statistically, Six Sigma refers to a process in which the range
between the mean of a process quality measurement and the
nearest specification limit is at least six times the standard
deviation of the process. The statistical objectives of Six Sigma
are to centre the process on the target and reduce process
variation. A Six Sigma process will approach 'zero defects' with
only 3.4 defects per million opportunities (DPMO) for a defect to
occur. In comparison, the goal of many quality initiatives
throughout the 1980s and early 90s was to obtain a process
capability index (Cpk) of at least 1.0, which roughly translates to
3 Sigma. However, this level of quality still produces a defect
rate of 66,810 DPMO. Six Sigma differs from other quality
programmes in its 'top-down' driv.
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International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)
1. International Journal of Business and Management Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 8028, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 801X
www.ijbmi.org Volume 3 Issue 1ǁ January. 2014ǁ PP.36-40
SIX SIGMA - DMAIC Framework for Enhancing Quality in
Engineering Educational Institutions
L Ramanan1, Dr M Kumar2, Dr Kpv Ramanakumar3
1
Former Champion of Six Sigma Quality at GE Healthcare, Sr. Member of ASQ, Member QCI,
Researcher, Member SJ Centre for Adv Research, SCSVMV University, Kanchipuram India
2
Principal Engineer, GE Healthcare, India
3
Dean, Department of Management Studies, SCSVMV University, Enathur, Kanchipuram India
1
Corresponding Author – raise@LRamanan.com
ABSTRACT: Six Sigma is a proven business strategy for improving the organisation’s effectiveness and
achieving higher levels of performance. Six Sigma applications have proved its success in product and process /
service Industries by deploying any one of its models like DMAIC or DFSS during implementation. In the recent
times, Educational Institutions are attempting to leverage the success of Industries in improving their efficiency
and the quality of service that are delivered by them. In the context of Educational Institutions, the customer and
products are complex phenomenon to describe unlike an Industry. Engineering Educational Institutions, under
the globalised Industrial scenario faces lots of challenges in their service offerings of Quality education and
also in their output of Students as products for employment in Industry. This issue of quality in higher education
is a concern not only for the stake holders, but also for the society at large. There have been many initiatives at
the National level by government and other interested stake holders at the macro level. Attempts have been
made in this work to deliver a broader framework of DMAIC approach to impact quality of engineering
education at the micro level of Institution themselves by leveraging the success of Industries in applying six
sigma for complex problems.The scope of the work also includes review the published literatures related to this
work
KEYWORDS: Six Sigma, DMAIC, Engineering Education, Educational Enterprise, Engineering Colleges
I.
INTRODUCTION
SixSigma and its Success with Industries
Quality is a measure for success of any organisation. It helps in setting metric for achieving higher
goals of accomplishments from the historical data of the own organisation and for bench marking the current
level of performance with leaders in the particular domain towards setting targets for achievements. It also helps
in continuous improvement and excel in the given function. There have been many initiatives of Quality in the
Industries for achieving higher standards like Zero Defects, TQM, 5S and many others. Quality Gurus like
Deming, Juran and many others during various phases have immensely contributed to the Quality movement
that benefitted the Industries at large. One such Quality movement is Six Sigma, which originated at Motorola in
early 1980s [1] and was recognised with the prestigious Malcom Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA) in
1988 [2]. Six sigma was popularised by demonstrating it as a successful business model, by Jack Welch at GE
during late 1980s and 1990s [3]. Success of Six Sigma either in Motorola, GE or any other organisations later
can be attributed to the Management and Leadership commitments. Six Sigma world is not always a smooth one
and requires the patience of a saint, never-give-up philosophy and long-term perspective to work on Quality [4].
Some of the organisations failed in its first attempts of implementation in making considerable business impact,
recognised that they did not create enough of sustainable infrastructure or force fit Six Sigma into the
organisation and without Management Support [4].
Six Sigma is a structured approach and a discipline. DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve and
Control) is the most familiar model of Six Sigma to the Industries in general, which is applicable to both process
and product Industries. This model leverages effective utilisation of existing resources, without any additional
investments on resources or infrastructure to achieve entitlement [3] in Six Sigma implementation in delivering
business results. Basically DMAIC strategy aims at low-hanging fruits. Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) is another
model aimed at delivering defect free products / process with a focus at the design stage itself. It is largely
applicable for completely new process or product development, or new design to process or product quality
when existing process / product quality attained entitlement
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36 | Page
2. Six Sigma - Dmaic Framework For Enhancing Quality...
Six Sigma methodologies in brief, starts with the customer by closely understanding their needs /
expectations, making appropriate changes / improvements to the process / product and delivering the solution
that exceeds customer expectations rather than meeting the expectations.
II.
QUALITY CHALLENGES OF THE ENGINEERING EDUCATIONAL ENTERPRISE:
Quality and its sustenance in higher educational Institutions, more particularly in professional
Institutions is a great challenge for the mere existence of the educational Institutions themselves. Employability
of the students produced by the Engineering Institutions, for employment by the Industry at 25% [5, 6] is a
major cause of worry for all the stake holders and has been elaborated in [7]. Apart from the need for absorption
by the Industries for employment, the products of Engineering Institutions have also to be equipped with the
knowledge necessary for carrying forward research work in institutions of higher learning. The requirements of
the customers (Industry & Research Institutions) of engineering Institutions from its products (students) are
quite different, Industry requiring more emphasis on practical knowledge for applications and applied research,
while research institution requiring strong knowledge on concepts for theoretical research. This throws a good
challenge for the Institutions and its products. Unlike the Industry, the engineering Institutions have to meet the
needs of complex demands of varying stake holders, regulatory bodies like AICTE, funding members for the
educational process like parents, Industries under globalised scenario and expectations of students themselves as
stake holders in the input process.
Educational Institutions in general and Engineering Educational Enterprise (EEE) in particular, have
been attempting to address the Quality Challenges of EEE by leveraging various models that were found to be
successful in Industries for this complex issue. In this work, attempts have been made to focus on Six Sigma
methodology towards this cause, review the literatures towards this work and deliver a broader frame work to be
carried forward at the Institutional level
III.
LITERATURE SURVEY:
Joan [8] in his work has briefed on how to apply Six Sigma methodology to project levels in the
Mechanical engineering department of the Institution, which is comparable to Green Belt Projects of a Six
Sigma Enterprise and is not dealt on the frame work at the Institution level, nevertheless explains the usefulness
of six sigma to educational Institution. Prabhakar and Dinesh [9] in their work explained how Six Sigma
Methodology to a specific problem of increasing the pass percentage of students in Engineering Institutions
similar to that of a task as explained by Joan [8]. Jayanta and Robert [10] in their work very nicely brought out
the usefulness of Six Sigma approach in impacting quality and productivity improvement in higher educational
Institutions in United States. Interestingly, authors have brought out the wastages / underutilisation of resources
by quantifying academic work of 9 months in a year, with an idle time of 3 months on resources. They briefed
further on, whether academic institutions can be run like a business enterprise, quantifying the importance of
faculty role and explained the lack of investments in their development. They have also briefly explained all the
5 phases of DMAIC model. Ramasubramanian [11] has nicely captured in his literature the various roles of Six
Sigma, DMAIC one of the most familiar model of Six Sigma and broadly listed various tools applicable in
various phases of Six Sigma to educational institutions at macro level. The focus is not to dwell into the
application of six sigma to the specific issue under discussions Imam et. al [8] briefed in their work traces the
Six Sigma origin, development and the different phases of the Six Sigma Methodology. They also compared
various categories of educational system across the globe. Interestingly this article quantifies levels of defects
generated across global poles in products and process. It is not within the scope of the work to include
suggesting a method or approach
Ramanan et. al [7] in their work attempted to explain the application of Six sigma in addressing
employability issues of Engineering graduates, which is task specific similar to that of [8] & [9]. Sean [13]
while attempting to explain the implications of Six Sigma in Industry and educational Institutions narrated the
various roles, tools and phases of the Six Sigma model and has not delivered a frame work Ramanan et.al [14]
focussed in explaining the necessity and benefits of having Six Sigma as a measurement metric for measuring
quality of higher education.
IV.
SIX SIGMA – DMAIC FRAME WORK FOR ENGINEERING EDUCATIONAL
ENTERPRISE (EEE)
From the success and also from the failures of the Industry from Six Sigma implementation, it is
confidently learnt that effectiveness and benefits from Six Sigma Implementation is largely dependent on
Leadership / Management commitments and involvement of everyone in the process, of Six Sigma deployment.
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3. Six Sigma - Dmaic Framework For Enhancing Quality...
Hence, the delivery of a successful frame work for EEE, starts from thetopmost level of the enterprise, thus
ensuring commitment and support for six sigma deployment leading to measurable results.
4.1System and Sub-System of DMAIC and its Analogy to EEE
DMAIC as briefed in [7] is the process improvement methodology of Six Sigma approach either at the
system level or at the component / task level for the product or process Industry. It shall be of benefit in
explaining the model and frame work with an example of a product and apply the analogy to EEE for system
level approach.Fig.1 captures one of the highly sophisticated, highly safety critical medical device from GE [15]
used ininterventional diagnostics and also in procedure like stenting in coronary artery of the heart. The medical
device as a system [Fig. 1], integrates various sub-systems [Fig. 2] by leveraging cutting edge technology across
various domains of engineering [15] in delivering the flaw less function to the Doctors and patients. We can
extend the same analogy of the System approach to EEE, which has to integrate with various sub-systems of like
various Departments of Academic Excellences, various departments of Administrative functions and various
external agencies like regulatory authorities, investors (parents), society etc. in delivering a flawless service and
outputs from EEE. Fig. 3 covers a broader System and Sub-System involvement to an EEE and can be extended
/ expanded / modified according to the structure and discipline of EEE.
4.1.1Impact of Quality – Flowing from Component to Sub-System to System
It could be appreciated from the Industrial product example explained here, if the system has to
function flawless, each one of the components as small as a screw or a capacitor etc., in the sub-system has to
function flawless all the time. Hence it can be realised that the importance the smallest component like a bolt in
a complex product is as important as the system itself in its flaw less function. This analogy is applicable to
educational Institutions comprising of various functions, departments, internal and external shareholders etc. For
example, a typographical mistake in a mark sheet of an EEE by a clerk in an examination section of an
administrative department is as important as a Researcher’s publication in an accredited journal in measuring the
Quality of an Engineering Educational Enterprise.
4.2 Typical DMAIC Model for EEE and aligning it with Quality System’s Vision and Mission
It could visualise EEE as a system comparable to that of the product as explained earlier. Each of the
EEE has its ‘Mission and Vision’ (V&M) statements towards what they want to achieve, by aligning Six Sigma
model with Quality System’s vision and mission it can be easily tracked towards measurable objectives at all
levels. A generic DMAIC model of an EEE is depicted in Fig. 4 with broader objectives to be achieved in each
one of the Phase of the DMAIC Six Sigma Model towards EEE. This frame work can be adopted at sub-system
and also at the individual levels by having the V&M or ‘Goals and Objectives’ (G&O) by aligning it with a flow
down from system level to component. To achieve these objectives Industries have adopted a structure of Six
Sigma Roles towards effectiveness and efficiency of deployment and sustenance.
4.3 Typical DMAIC Structural Model for EEE
As explained earlier, success of Six Sigma depends on leadership involvement and commitment. The
head of the Organisation – Chairman / President / Director / Principal is assigned / assumes the role of Sponsor
or Champion depending on the size of the organisation, which is accountable for V&M in Quality Systems. The
defined goals are then flown down to department heads, to individuals in chain of implementation to achieve
desired goal. A generalised EEE structure for implementation of DMAIC is depicted in Fig. 5. Depending on the
size of the EEE and its function Champions, Sponsors and MBB roles can get merged thus performing all the
intended function. The broad DMAIC – EEE Structural model is depicted for one department and function to
explain how V&M is flown into individual levels towards achievable objectives. This can be extended /
expanded / adopted based on various stated V&M or G&O of the EEE.
www.ijbmi.org
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4. Six Sigma - Dmaic Framework For Enhancing Quality...
Though this structure is explained keeping Engineering Educational Enterprise in mind, but adoptable
with modifications to any educational environment with suitable modifications as appropriate. As the faculty
develops the passion in adopting and leveraging the six sigma approach in their research and academic work, it
further flows down into their respective Student and research scholar projects, thus full potential of Six Sigma is
realised into the EE enterprise as a whole. This is the way, Motorola, GE and all other great leaders
demonstrated success by driving Six Sigma as a DNA of the organisation.
4.4 Typical DMAIC Tools Applicable to EEE Model
Fig. 6 is suggestive in nature of the various tools that could be used in various phases of the DMAIC
model in achieving the desired G&O or V&M. It is not a rule that a specific tool has to be used only in that
phase as mentioned.
Fig. 4 DMAIC Model for EEE
Fig. 5 DMAIC Structural Model for EEE Fig. 6 Tools in DMAIC
4.5 Typical CTQ Flow-Down, Flow-Up for Roles & Responsibilities in a DMAIC Model for EEE
As explained earlier, the Six Sigma success is at the organisation level and hence its deployment
requires commitment and engagement at the highest level. A typical engagement of various levels of the
organisation and their alignment to Six Sigma role in a frame work for achieving the desired of targets or
realistic Goals are captured in Fig. 7. It flows from top level (like system in a product) to the bottom level (like
that of a component in a system) in assigning the roles and responsibilities to achieve the quality goals, with
achieved goals flowing-up from lowest level to the highest level of the system. A typical example is captured
what could be achieved at the each phase at various level for the given cause / target from top level and what
can be achieved at next levels as it flows down to the level like that of a System in a product to component. This
explains the CTQ (Critical to Quality) flow down from System level to component / part level. It also explains
how the quality rigour is achieved in component / part level and is flown back to build the Quality rigour into
the system with the broad structure of roles and responsibilities and mapping it to the DMAIC – EEE Structure.
It is a typical example and has to be altered based on the CTQ at the Institution level which is comparable to that
of a system and to the Departments comparable with that of a sub-system and to the individuals of the Institution
comparable to that of a part / component level quality.
Fig. 7 DMAIC Modelfor EEE - Roles and Responsibilities – CTQ Flow Down from System to Individual vs
Achievement of Quality from Individual to System
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5. Six Sigma - Dmaic Framework For Enhancing Quality...
V.
SCOPE FOR FURTHER WORK:
The structure of the DMAIC for the EEE has been structured and formulated. Each of the phase and the
complexity with the applicable tools along with the case study are dealt separately in the future publications. It
has also been included to bring-out how to merge DMAIC Frame work proposed in this work can be merged
with ISO Standards adopted by the EEE, thus avoiding / repeating administrative work. DFSS model for the
institutions which has the opportunity to introduce new papers / courses are dealt separately in future work.
VI.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION:
From the literatures surveyed and referenced, broader structural frame work of a DMAIC Model for
EEE with Organisation Structure, applicable tools and assignable roles and responsibilities has been delivered.
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