1. 122
nana lolaZe
emociebis gamoxatvis
enobrivi suraTi
samyaros enobrivi suraTi warmoadgens
sinamdvilis asaxvis erTian sistemas, romel-
ic aucilebelia ama Tu im enobrivi koleq-
filologiis mecniereba- tivisaTvis. sinamdvilis konceptualizaci-
Ta doqtori, arn. Ciqoba- is enobrivi saSualebebi nawilobriv univer-
vas enaTmecnierebis insti- saluria, nawilobriv ki erovnulad speci-
tutis mecnieri Tanam-
fikuria. es TvalsaCinod vlindeba emocieb-
Sromeli.
ZiriTadi naSromebi: erTi is enobrivi gamoxatvis magaliTze.
ti pis meSvelzmnian for- emociebi samyaros aRqmis, Semecnebisa da
maTa sakiTxisaTvis qar- Sefasebis erT-erTi formaa. amasTan, emocia
Tvelur enebSi; zmniswin- adamianis Sinagan, araxilvad samyaros
is polifunqciuroba di- ganekuTvneba da erT-erT yvelaze rTulad
namikaSi da zmnis mode- organizebul sistemas warmoadgens. igi mec-
lirebis problemebi, aris
zmna qarTvelur enebSi;
nierebis sxvadasxva dargis Seswavlis obieq-
arsebobisa da qona-yolis tia. yvela mecnieri, romel dargsac ar unda
zmnaTa mimarTebisaTvis; miekuTvnebodes da ra Tvalsazriszedac ar
grZnoba-aRqmis zmnebi unda idges, Tanxmdeba imaze, rom emociebi
qarTulSi. umniSvnelovanesia motivaciis, socialuri
interesTa sfero: qarTve- komunikaciis, samyaros Semecnebisa da saqmi-
lur enaTa SedarebiTi
analizi, funqciuri gra-
anobisaTvis.
matika, kognitiuri gansakuTrebiT gaaqtiurda am sakiTxeb-
lingvistika, korpusis is kvleva meoce saukunis meore naxevarSi.
lingvistika. ukanasknel xans fsiqologiaSi popularo-
biT sargeblobs emociebis diferenciuli
Seswavla. gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos k.
izardis Sromebi. am Teoriis mixedviT, emocia
ganixileba, rogorc rTuli fenomeni, romel-
ic moicavs neirofoziologiur da samoZrao-
gamomxatvelobiT komponentebs da subieqtur
gancdas. am komponentebis gavlena intrain-
dividualur procesze qmnis emocias, romel-
2. emociebis gamoxatvis enobrivi suraTi 123
ic evoluciur-biogenetikur movlenas warmoadgens. adamianSi emociis
gancdisa da gamoxatvis unari Tandayolilia, zogadkulturulia
da universaluri (izardi 2002: 69).
adamianuri emociis kvlevisas yvelaze myari aRmoCnda imis
rwmena, rom SesaZlebelia gamoiyos mcire jgufi Tandayolili _
bazisuri emociebisa. amdenad, emocia SeiZleba iyos pirveladi (ba-
zisuri), meoreuli, mesameulic ki. mag., _
pirveladi meoreuli mesameuli emocia
emocia emocia
siyvaruli mijaWvuloba simpaTia, sinaze, Tanag-
rZnoba, Tayvaniscema...
sixaruli kmayofileba siamovneba, tkboba...
gakvirveba gakvirveba gaoceba, gancvifreba...
gabrazeba mrisxaneba aRSfoTeba, gamZvivareba...
mravali fsiqologis mtkicebas, rom garkveuli emociebi ufro
bazisuria, vidre danarCeni, xSirad sruliad gansxvavebuli safuZve-
li aqvs. erTi mxriv, angariSgasawevia idea, rom zogierTi emocia
adamianSi genetikurad aris Cadebuli, meore mxriv, enebSi maTi gamox-
atvis suraTi araerTgvarovania. samarTlianad aris SeniSnuli, rom
grZnobaTa burusiT moculi samyaros interpretirebisas yoveli
ena sakuTar koordinatTa bades iyenebs. Tuki vinme Seecdeba Ti-
Toeul emocias, romelsac adamiani ganicdis, daarqvas saxeli, bune-
brivia, igi gamoiyenebs sakuTar leqsikons. imdenad, ramdenadac Ti-
Toeulma xalxma miagno grZnobis iseT elfers, rogoric sxva xalx-
ebis mier gamoyofili ar aris (jeimsi 1890).
eTnocentrizmis gamovlinebad miiCnevs a. veJbicka Semdeg magal-
iTs: taitelebis leqsikonSi inglisuri sad (sevdiani, dardiani)
sityvis Sesatyvisi ar arsebobs, miuxedavad amisa, maT aucileblad
unda moepovebodeT Tandayolili cnebiTi kategoria sevdisa, dard-
isa. unda vivaraudoT, rom sevda maTi emociuri gamocdilebisaTvis
aranakleb mniSvnelovani da relevanturia, vidre, magaliTad grZnobebi
toiaha an peapea, romlebic saxeldebulia maT enaSi (sagulisxmoa,
rom inglisurSi am sityvebis Sesatyvisi ar arsebobs). marTlac,
araviTari safuZveli ar arsebobs miviCnioT, rom taitelebs ar
aqvT sevdis gancdis unari, xolo ingliselebs toiaha an peapea-si
mxolod imitom, rom maT enebSi am emociebs saxelebi ar aqvs. rac
3. 124 nana lolaZe
mTavaria, SeuZlebelia imis mtkiceba, rom sevda ufro mniSvnelovania
an ufro `universaluria~, vidre toiaha an peapea (veJbicka 1999: 505).
enis mier asaxuli warmodgena adamianis Sinagan samyaroze moicavs
TaobaTa gamocdilebas aTaswleulebis ganmavlobaSi. amitomac eni-
Weba gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba emociebis bunebis Seswavlisas
maTi enobrivi gamoxatvis saSualebebs ama Tu im enis semantikur
struqturaSi.
emociebis gamoxatvis enobrivi meqanizmis kvlevisas saWiroa
gansxvavdes emociis leqsika da emociuri leqsika. emociis leqsika
orientirebulia emociis obieqtivaciaze da moicavs sityvebs, romelTa
sagnobriv-logikuri mniSvneloba emociaTa cnebebs Seadgens. emoci-
uri leqsika gamoxatavs mTqmelis emociebs da mas emociuri Sefer-
ilobis sityvebi miekuTvneba.
ra aris is zogadi princi pi, romelic emociis enobriv
gamoxatvas udevs safuZvlad. is, rom enis mier araxilvadi
Sinagani samyaros modelireba xilvadi, materialuri sam-
yaros mixedviT xdeba. amdenad, araxilvadi samyaros kon-
ceptebis agebis ZiriTad meqanizms metafora warmoadgens.
es metaforuloba gansakuTrebiT TvalnaTliv Cans fraze-
ologizmebSi. am frazeologizmebSi ZiriTadad monawile-
obs sxeulis nawilebi, Sinagani organoebi, rogorebicaa: guli,
naRveli, sisxli... agreTve, suli.
is faqti, rom guls gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia qarTul
msoflaRqmaSi, araerTgzis aris SeniSnuli. rogorc arn. Ciqobava
miuTiTebs: `guli warmodgenilia azrovnebiTi procesebis centrad,
grZnobebis wyarod, temperament-xasiaTis ganmsazRvrelad da organ-
uli SegrZnebebis (gulis reva, gulis Semoyra) amTviseblad, erTi
sityviT, mas ekisreba tvinis, gulis, kuWisa da, nawilobriv, perife-
riuli nervuli sistemis magivroba gaswios _ sicocxlis matare-
beli gulia (Ciqobava 1938: 66).
xatovan sityva-Tqmebze dakvirvebis safuZvelze T. saxokia
aRniSnavs: “guli Cvens xalxs miaCnia Cveni nervebis Sesakrebel or-
ganod, romelzec uSualod moqmedebs yvela fsiqikuri gancda: siy-
varuli, sixaruli, simamace, siZulvili, mwuxareba, dard-naRveli”
(saxokia 1979: 119). qarTvelis warmodgeniT, dadebiTi Tu uaryofi-
Ti emociebi: dardi, mwuxareba, sixaruli, siZulvili, javri `adami-
anis gul-mkerdSi grovdeba, xolo TviT gul-mkerdi, xatovnad, da-
darebulia buxars, romelic, kvamlis msgavsad, maRla uSvebs gamo-
samzeveblad Sig dagrovil TiToeul am grZnobaTagans da ena-piris
saSualebiT sxvas uziarebs.” (saxokia 1979: 110)
guli rom emociis (da ara mxolod emociis) gamoxatvis mniS-
vnelovani leqsemaa, sxva enaTa magaliTzedac aSkaraa, magram saintere-
4. emociebis gamoxatvis enobrivi suraTi 125
soa, ra qmnis sakuTriv qarTuli enobrivi suraTis specifikurobas?
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, emocia moicavs neirofiziologiur
da samoZrao-gamomxatvelobiT (nervul-kunTovan) komponentebs.
sagulisxmoa, rom enebSi es komponentebi aseve garCeulia, saxeldo-
br, emociis leqsika asaxavs rogorc sakuTriv emocias, emociur
gamocdilebas, ise gviCvenebs organizmis reaqcias ama Tu im emociaze.
imdenad, ramdenadac guli Sinagan, araxilvad organoebs miekuTvneba,
rogorc wesi, ganixileba rogorc emociis gancdis centri. Tumca
igi monawileobs gamoTqmebSi, romlebic emociebis Tanmxleb fiz-
iologiur cvlilebebze miuTiTeben. l. margvelanma sagangebod Seis-
wavla am ti pis frazeologizmebi da aCvena, rom qarTulSi guli-s
Semcveli frazeologizmebi meore funqciiT sakmaod farTod gamoy-
eneba, rac sxva enebisaTvis SedarebiT SezRudulia, kerZod, ingli-
surSi amgvar SezRudulobaze miuTiTebs a. veJbicka (veJbicka 1999:
540-41) garda amisa, warmodgenili masala iZleva kidev erTi daskv-
nis gakeTebis safuZvels. naSromi rusuladaa dabeWdili da fraze-
ologizmebi, romelTac met-naklebad zusti rusuli analogi ar
moepovebaT da amitom Targmani xelovnuria, varskvlaviT aris aRniS-
nuli. TvalSi sacemia, rom moniSnuli frazebis umetesoba swored
guls Seicavs. aseTebia, mag., guli ukankalebs, guli wauvida, gulze
cecxli SemoenTo da sxv. (margvelani, 1978). amdenad, rogorc Cans,
am ti pis frazebi qarTulisaTvis specifikuria.
guli-s Semcveli frazeologizmebis originalurobas adas-
turebs Zveli qarTulis monacemebi. SeniSnulia, rom saxarebis te-
qstSi, xSir SemTxvevaSi, iq sadac garkveuli guneba-ganwyobileba Tu
grZnobaa gadmocemuli, qarTulSi gvxvdeba guli-s Semcveli fraze-
ologizmebi, berZnulSi _ ara (beriSvili 2002: 108).
amdenad, guli emociebis qarTulenobrivi suraTis erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani komponentia. ra Tqma unda, emociebis gamoxatvis sru-
li suraTis warmosaCenad Semdgom kvlevas moiTxovs, Tu rogor, ra
saSualebebiT gamoixateba TiToeuli emocia, rogoria mimarTeba
pirvelad da meoreul, dadebiTi da uaryofiTi emociebis gamoxatvas
Soris da mravali sxva sakiTxi. dReisaTvis am mimarTulebiT
mimdinareobs araerTi enis semantikuri struqturis kvleva,
gamocemulia sxvadasxva ti pis leqsikonebi, romlebSic aRnusxulia
is enobrivi saSualebebi, romlebic emociaTa gamosaxatavad gamoiyeneba
(iordanskaia, paperno 1995). qarTul enaSi emociebis gamoxatvis
enobrivi meqanizmebis mravalmxrivi Seswavla, dReisaTvis ukve miRebuli
Sedegebis sistematizacia mniSvnelovania rogorc, zogadad, emociaTa
bunebis, maTi enobrivi realizaciis problemaTa kvlevebis
gasamdidreblad, ise samyaros qarTulenobrivi suraTis warmosaCenad.
5. 126 nana lolaZe
literatura
beriSvili 2002: beriSvili e., frazeologizmTa erTi nawili-
saTvis qarTuli saxarebis ori Zveli redaqciis mixedviT,
enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi, 2 (14).
veJbicka 1999: Âåæáèöêàÿ À., Ñåìàíòè÷åñêèå óíèâåðñàëèè è
îïèñàíèå ÿçûêîâ, Ìîñêâà.
izardi 1980: Izard C. E., The psychology of emotions, rusuli gamoc. Ïèòåð.
iordanskaia, paperno 1995: The Russian-English Collocational Dictio-
nary of human Body, Iordanskaya, Paperno.
margvelani 1978: Ìàðãâåëàíè Ë. Ï., Ãðóçèíñêèå âûðàæåíèÿ,
îáîçíà÷àþùèå ÷óâñòâà è èõ îïèñàíèå â òåðìèíàõ
ëåêñè÷åñêèõ ôóíêöèé, ßçûêîâûå ïðîöåññîðû è
ðàñïîçíàâàíèå ðå÷è, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis
marTvis sistemebis institutis Sromebi, XVII: 2, 1978.
saxokia 1979: saxokia T., qarTuli xatovani sityva-Tqmani, 1979
Ciqobava 1938: Ciqobava arn., Wanur-megrul-qarTuli SedarebiTi
leqsikoni.
Jeimsi 1890: James W., The principles of psychology, New York, Dover, 1950.
Nana Loladze
Linguistic picture of expressing emotions
Linguistic picture of the world is a united system reflecting a reality that is
necessary for certain language groups. Linguistic tools expressing reality
conceptualization are partly of universal nature, and their other part has national
specifications. This is clearly shown when emotions are expressed linguistically.
A language makes a modeling of internal invisible world in accordance with
the material world. Therefore the major mechanism of forming invisible world’s
concepts is a metaphor.
The metaphoric nature is obviously shown in phrasal verbs that mainly include
parts of the body, internal organs. Analysis of phraseology expressing emotion
shows that the most significant component of Georgian language is a heart.
Study of language mechanisms expressing emotions in the Georgian language,
systematization of current outcomes is important both for enriching emotion
generally, researching its language realization challenges as well as for presenting
Georgian language picture of the world.
