Abo incompatibility
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ABO incompatibility occurs when a pregnant woman has a blood type that is incompatible with her fetus's blood type. It can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) when the mother's IgG antibodies destroy the fetus's or newborn's red blood cells. The most common form is ABO HDN, which usually results in mild symptoms and does not require treatment. It occurs when an O group mother has an A or B group baby and the mother's anti-A or anti-B antibodies destroy the baby's red blood cells. Investigations of the mother and baby include blood typing and testing the mother's serum for IgG antibodies, while the baby may experience jaundice, anemia and other symptoms. Treatment
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Abo incompatibility
The document discusses ABO blood group incompatibility between mother and baby. It explains that mothers with blood group O naturally have anti-A and anti-B antibodies that are mainly IgM and do not cross the placenta. However, if the baby's blood group is A or B, the mother will produce IgG antibodies upon exposure to the baby's red blood cells, and these antibodies can cross the placenta and cause mild hemolysis in less than 1% of incompatible babies. The jaundice is usually mild and appears within 24 hours of birth. Positive Coombs test occurs in only 3-4% of cases. Exchange transfusions are extremely rare for ABO incompatibility.
Rh incompatibility
Rh incompatibility occurs when a pregnant woman has Rh-negative blood and her fetus has Rh-positive blood. During pregnancy or delivery, the fetus's Rh-positive blood can enter the mother's bloodstream and cause her to form antibodies. If she has another Rh-positive baby, those antibodies can cross the placenta and destroy the baby's red blood cells, causing anemia or even hydrops fetalis. To prevent Rh disease, Rh-negative mothers are given Rh immunoglobulin injections during and after pregnancy to prevent antibody formation. For affected pregnancies, fetal blood transfusions may be needed to treat severe anemia.
Rh incompatibility
The document discusses Rh factor incompatibility, which occurs when a pregnant woman who is Rh negative carries a baby who is Rh positive. This can cause the woman's immune system to produce antibodies against the baby's Rh positive blood. For future pregnancies, these antibodies can cross the placenta and destroy the baby's red blood cells, potentially causing mild to fatal anemia. Rh incompatibility is detected via blood tests and treated with medications during pregnancy like RhoGAM to prevent antibody production or exchange transfusions for the baby if issues occur. Proper Rh typing and compatibility testing prevents dangerous transfusion reactions.
Rh negative pregnancy
Rh negative pregnancies can lead to isoimmunization of the mother if she has a Rh positive baby. This occurs due to a fetomaternal hemorrhage which allows the fetus's Rh positive blood cells to enter the mother's circulation and trigger an immune response. Testing for isoimmunization involves indirect Coombs testing of the mother. Unsensitized Rh negative mothers receive anti-D immunoglobulin injections to prevent isoimmunization. Sensitized pregnancies require careful monitoring and may involve amniocentesis, intrauterine transfusions or early delivery to prevent fetal complications like hydrops fetalis. The baby may also require treatments like phototherapy or exchange transfusion if affected by hemolytic anemia or
Rh incompatibility in pregnancy
Rh Incompatibility in Pregnancy. Rh incompatibility occurs when a pregnant woman whose blood type is Rh-negative is exposed to Rh-positive blood from her fetus, leading to the mother's development of Rh antibodies
Rh Incompatibility I Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
Rh incompatibility occurs when a woman with Rh-negative blood is pregnant with a baby who has Rh-positive blood. If her blood mixes with the baby's blood, she can develop antibodies that may affect future pregnancies. It is treated by giving the mother Rh immunoglobulin during and after pregnancy to prevent antibody formation. For affected babies, treatment depends on severity but may include phototherapy or exchange transfusion for severe cases of hemolytic anemia. Regular prenatal screening and prompt treatment with Rh immunoglobulin can prevent Rh incompatibility in subsequent pregnancies.
Rh iso immunization
Rh isoimmunization occurs when an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus. During pregnancy or delivery, fetal red blood cells can enter the mother's circulation, stimulating her immune system to produce antibodies against the Rh antigen. These antibodies can then cross the placenta during subsequent pregnancies and destroy fetal red blood cells, causing hemolytic disease of the newborn. Effects range from mild anemia to severe jaundice, hydrops fetalis, or fetal death. Management involves monitoring maternal antibody levels and fetal well-being through amniocentesis and ultrasound. At-risk pregnancies may require intrauterine transfusions or early delivery. Prevention relies on administering Rh immunoglobulin to the mother during
ABO incompatibility
This document discusses ABO incompatibility between a mother and fetus/newborn. The main points covered are:
- ABO incompatibility can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), occurring in about 25% of pregnancies when the mother's blood type is O and the fetus's is A, B, or AB.
- The disease is caused by IgG antibodies from the mother's blood crossing the placenta and reacting against antigens on the fetus/newborn's red blood cells.
- Diagnosis involves testing the newborn's blood type and bilirubin levels as well as direct Coombs testing of the mother's antibodies.
- Management focuses on phototherapy or
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Abo incompatibility
The document discusses ABO blood group incompatibility between mother and baby. It explains that mothers with blood group O naturally have anti-A and anti-B antibodies that are mainly IgM and do not cross the placenta. However, if the baby's blood group is A or B, the mother will produce IgG antibodies upon exposure to the baby's red blood cells, and these antibodies can cross the placenta and cause mild hemolysis in less than 1% of incompatible babies. The jaundice is usually mild and appears within 24 hours of birth. Positive Coombs test occurs in only 3-4% of cases. Exchange transfusions are extremely rare for ABO incompatibility.
Rh incompatibility
Rh incompatibility occurs when a pregnant woman has Rh-negative blood and her fetus has Rh-positive blood. During pregnancy or delivery, the fetus's Rh-positive blood can enter the mother's bloodstream and cause her to form antibodies. If she has another Rh-positive baby, those antibodies can cross the placenta and destroy the baby's red blood cells, causing anemia or even hydrops fetalis. To prevent Rh disease, Rh-negative mothers are given Rh immunoglobulin injections during and after pregnancy to prevent antibody formation. For affected pregnancies, fetal blood transfusions may be needed to treat severe anemia.
Rh incompatibility
The document discusses Rh factor incompatibility, which occurs when a pregnant woman who is Rh negative carries a baby who is Rh positive. This can cause the woman's immune system to produce antibodies against the baby's Rh positive blood. For future pregnancies, these antibodies can cross the placenta and destroy the baby's red blood cells, potentially causing mild to fatal anemia. Rh incompatibility is detected via blood tests and treated with medications during pregnancy like RhoGAM to prevent antibody production or exchange transfusions for the baby if issues occur. Proper Rh typing and compatibility testing prevents dangerous transfusion reactions.
Rh negative pregnancy
Rh negative pregnancies can lead to isoimmunization of the mother if she has a Rh positive baby. This occurs due to a fetomaternal hemorrhage which allows the fetus's Rh positive blood cells to enter the mother's circulation and trigger an immune response. Testing for isoimmunization involves indirect Coombs testing of the mother. Unsensitized Rh negative mothers receive anti-D immunoglobulin injections to prevent isoimmunization. Sensitized pregnancies require careful monitoring and may involve amniocentesis, intrauterine transfusions or early delivery to prevent fetal complications like hydrops fetalis. The baby may also require treatments like phototherapy or exchange transfusion if affected by hemolytic anemia or
Rh incompatibility in pregnancy
Rh Incompatibility in Pregnancy. Rh incompatibility occurs when a pregnant woman whose blood type is Rh-negative is exposed to Rh-positive blood from her fetus, leading to the mother's development of Rh antibodies
Rh Incompatibility I Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
Rh incompatibility occurs when a woman with Rh-negative blood is pregnant with a baby who has Rh-positive blood. If her blood mixes with the baby's blood, she can develop antibodies that may affect future pregnancies. It is treated by giving the mother Rh immunoglobulin during and after pregnancy to prevent antibody formation. For affected babies, treatment depends on severity but may include phototherapy or exchange transfusion for severe cases of hemolytic anemia. Regular prenatal screening and prompt treatment with Rh immunoglobulin can prevent Rh incompatibility in subsequent pregnancies.
Rh iso immunization
Rh isoimmunization occurs when an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus. During pregnancy or delivery, fetal red blood cells can enter the mother's circulation, stimulating her immune system to produce antibodies against the Rh antigen. These antibodies can then cross the placenta during subsequent pregnancies and destroy fetal red blood cells, causing hemolytic disease of the newborn. Effects range from mild anemia to severe jaundice, hydrops fetalis, or fetal death. Management involves monitoring maternal antibody levels and fetal well-being through amniocentesis and ultrasound. At-risk pregnancies may require intrauterine transfusions or early delivery. Prevention relies on administering Rh immunoglobulin to the mother during
ABO incompatibility
This document discusses ABO incompatibility between a mother and fetus/newborn. The main points covered are:
- ABO incompatibility can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), occurring in about 25% of pregnancies when the mother's blood type is O and the fetus's is A, B, or AB.
- The disease is caused by IgG antibodies from the mother's blood crossing the placenta and reacting against antigens on the fetus/newborn's red blood cells.
- Diagnosis involves testing the newborn's blood type and bilirubin levels as well as direct Coombs testing of the mother's antibodies.
- Management focuses on phototherapy or
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Gestational diabetes (GDM) is glucose intolerance that begins or is first recognized during pregnancy. It can be caused by either pre-existing type 2 diabetes or a new onset of diabetes during pregnancy. The document discusses screening, diagnosis and management of both pre-existing diabetes and GDM during pregnancy. It aims to provide optimal glucose control to support fetal growth while avoiding risks of hyper- and hypoglycemia. Treatment involves medical nutrition therapy, glucose monitoring and may require insulin therapy in some cases. Close monitoring is needed throughout pregnancy and postpartum to support maternal and fetal health.
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Anaemia is a reduction in haemoglobin levels below normal. It is common in pregnancy, with prevalence as high as 56% in some areas of India. Anaemia increases risks for both mother and baby, including preterm birth, low birth weight, maternal death. Treatment involves iron supplementation, though oral iron has side effects. Parenteral iron can be given via injection or IV for more severe cases. Blood transfusions are needed in some severe anaemias. Prevention strategies include screening, diet, and supplementation programs. Care during pregnancy and delivery aims to address risks from anaemia.
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Cervical incompetence, also called cervical insufficiency, is a condition where the cervix begins to dilate and efface before pregnancy has reached term, often resulting in miscarriage. Risk factors include a history of preterm birth, multiple abortions, cervical procedures, or congenital uterine abnormalities. Diagnosis involves a history of second trimester losses and physical exam findings of cervical shortening or dilatation. Treatment options during pregnancy include bed rest, progesterone supplementation, cerclage procedures to reinforce the cervix, and sometimes pessary devices. The goal is to prevent premature dilation and maintain the pregnancy until full term.
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Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), also known as erythroblastosis fetalis, occurs when maternal antibodies attack and destroy fetal red blood cells due to blood group incompatibilities between mother and fetus, most commonly Rh incompatibility, which can cause fetal anemia, jaundice, and in severe cases heart failure or death; diagnosis involves blood tests of the mother and newborn and management focuses on monitoring the pregnancy, preventing sensitization in unsensitized mothers, and treating the newborn if necessary.
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This document discusses hypertension in pregnancy and preeclampsia. It begins with definitions and classifications of hypertension in pregnancy. Preeclampsia is defined as new onset hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. Risk factors for preeclampsia are discussed. The pathogenesis involves placental ischemia leading to endothelial dysfunction. Clinical manifestations in the mother can include issues in cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, renal and hepatic systems. Management involves controlling blood pressure, preventing seizures with magnesium sulfate, and timely delivery of the baby.
Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)
1) Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to babies whose birth weight is below the 10th percentile for gestational age. It can affect preterm, term, or post-term babies.
2) The incidence of IUGR is about 3-10% in developed countries. IUGR babies have an increased risk of perinatal mortality and morbidity that progressively increases as birth weight percentile decreases.
3) IUGR can be symmetrical, affecting growth uniformly, or asymmetrical, where the head is larger than the abdomen indicating preferential shunting of nutrients to the brain. Causes include placental insufficiency, infections, and genetic/structural abnormalities.
SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE,LARGE FOR GESTATIONAL AGE -SSJ, CALICUT MEDICAL COL...
SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE,LARGE FOR GESTATIONAL AGE -SSJ, CALICUT MEDICAL COL...govt. medical college, kozhikode
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The document discusses lactation, its physiology and causes of lactation failure. It describes the prolactin and oxytocin reflexes which are involved in milk production and ejection. Psychological and social factors are common causes of insufficient milk production according to the document. Engorged breasts, sore nipples and mastitis are mentioned as biological local causes. The management of lactation failure involves prevention, early detection and treatment. Relactation techniques including frequent breastfeeding and the use of supplements are described to reestablish milk production.
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This document discusses anemia in pregnancy. It defines anemia as having insufficient red blood cells or hemoglobin. Anemia is common in pregnancy, affecting 18-75% of pregnant women globally. Anemia is classified as mild, moderate or severe based on hemoglobin levels. Common causes of anemia in pregnancy include iron deficiency, folic acid deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, and genetic disorders like sickle cell anemia. Left untreated, anemia can negatively impact both mother and baby by increasing risks of infection, hemorrhage, low birth weight, and other complications. Routine screening and treatment with iron, folic acid and other supplements can help prevent and manage anemia during pregnancy.
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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance that develops during pregnancy. Risk factors include obesity, family history of diabetes, and ethnicity. During pregnancy, hormones cause insulin resistance and the pancreas must produce more insulin to maintain blood glucose levels. Untreated GDM can lead to complications for both mother and baby like preeclampsia, macrosomia, and neonatal hypoglycemia. Screening and tight glucose control are important. Pre-gestational diabetes also requires careful management to reduce risks of birth defects, complications, and future diabetes in the child.
IUGR
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Perinatal asphyxia
This document discusses perinatal asphyxia, including:
- The pathophysiology of hypoxia and ischemia on fetal and newborn tissues
- Diagnostic criteria and incidence rates for perinatal asphyxia
- Recent trends in management, including therapeutic hypothermia and other supportive treatments
- Long-term outcomes depend on severity of injury, with severe HIE carrying high risks of death or disability
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This document provides information about neonatal sepsis, including its definition, classification, causes, risk factors, clinical features, diagnostic tests, management, and prevention. Some key points:
- Neonatal sepsis is a systemic bacterial infection occurring in newborns, defined as a positive blood culture within the first month of life. It is a major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity.
- It can be classified as early-onset (before 72 hours of life) or late-onset (after 72 hours) sepsis. Early onset is usually caused by maternal genital tract bacteria, while late onset is caused by environmental and healthcare-associated bacteria.
- Risk factors include prematurity, prolonged rupture of membranes, chorio
Mohndesmunohema 6.ppt
This document provides an overview of Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn (HDFN). It discusses the main causes of HDFN as being Rh and ABO incompatibility. For Rh incompatibility, anti-D is the most common cause of severe HDFN. ABO incompatibility often affects the first pregnancy and causes milder cases. The document describes the pathogenesis of HDFN as maternal IgG antibodies crossing the placenta and destroying fetal red blood cells, which can lead to anemia, liver and spleen enlargement, fluid accumulation, and cardiac failure in the fetus. Assessment involves antenatal testing of the mother and fetus as well as postnatal testing of the newborn. Management options for HDFN include intrauterine
Hemolytic disease of the newborn and neonatal transfusion.pptx
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Pregnancy induced hypertension
This document discusses hypertension in pregnancy and preeclampsia. It begins with definitions and classifications of hypertension in pregnancy. Preeclampsia is defined as new onset hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. Risk factors for preeclampsia are discussed. The pathogenesis involves placental ischemia leading to endothelial dysfunction. Clinical manifestations in the mother can include issues in cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, renal and hepatic systems. Management involves controlling blood pressure, preventing seizures with magnesium sulfate, and timely delivery of the baby.
Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)
1) Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to babies whose birth weight is below the 10th percentile for gestational age. It can affect preterm, term, or post-term babies.
2) The incidence of IUGR is about 3-10% in developed countries. IUGR babies have an increased risk of perinatal mortality and morbidity that progressively increases as birth weight percentile decreases.
3) IUGR can be symmetrical, affecting growth uniformly, or asymmetrical, where the head is larger than the abdomen indicating preferential shunting of nutrients to the brain. Causes include placental insufficiency, infections, and genetic/structural abnormalities.
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Hydrops fetalis
This document discusses immune and non-immune hydrops fetalis. It begins by defining hydrops fetalis as generalized fetal edema that can be detected on ultrasound. It then describes the two subtypes - immune and non-immune. Immune hydrops is more common in developing countries and results from Rh sensitization of the mother from a Rh-positive fetus. Non-immune hydrops has more varied underlying causes and is more common in developed countries. The document goes on to discuss the mechanisms, investigations, management and complications of both immune and non-immune hydrops fetalis.
Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy
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Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) is defined as failure of the fetus to reach growth potential and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. It affects 3-10% of pregnancies and increases perinatal mortality rate by 5-20 times. Causes include fetal, placental and maternal factors like infections, structural anomalies, vascular diseases, nutritional deficiencies, and thrombophilias. Diagnosis involves assessing risk factors, fetal measurements and Doppler ultrasound. Management focuses on treating underlying causes, fetal monitoring, timing of delivery and neonatal care. Complications include stillbirth, fetal distress, hypoglycemia and long term risks of metabolic and neurological disorders. Prognosis depends on gestational age and prematurity, with increased
pre eclampsia
Hypertension is a common pregnancy complication and can be pregnancy-induced or pre-existing. Preeclampsia is defined as new hypertension with proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. It has various risk factors and causes damage through abnormal placentation. Clinically, it ranges from mild to severe based on blood pressure and can cause maternal organ damage. It is managed through blood pressure control, delivery once stabilized, and monitoring for complications like eclampsia. Preventing measures include calcium, anti-thrombotics and screening high risk women.
Perinatal asphyxia
This document discusses perinatal asphyxia, including:
- The pathophysiology of hypoxia and ischemia on fetal and newborn tissues
- Diagnostic criteria and incidence rates for perinatal asphyxia
- Recent trends in management, including therapeutic hypothermia and other supportive treatments
- Long-term outcomes depend on severity of injury, with severe HIE carrying high risks of death or disability
NEONATAL SEPSIS
This document provides information about neonatal sepsis, including its definition, classification, causes, risk factors, clinical features, diagnostic tests, management, and prevention. Some key points:
- Neonatal sepsis is a systemic bacterial infection occurring in newborns, defined as a positive blood culture within the first month of life. It is a major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity.
- It can be classified as early-onset (before 72 hours of life) or late-onset (after 72 hours) sepsis. Early onset is usually caused by maternal genital tract bacteria, while late onset is caused by environmental and healthcare-associated bacteria.
- Risk factors include prematurity, prolonged rupture of membranes, chorio
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HDN is caused by maternal IgG antibodies crossing the placenta and destroying fetal red blood cells. The most common causes are Rh and ABO incompatibility. This leads to fetal anemia, jaundice, liver/spleen enlargement, hydrops fetalis, and potentially kernicterus. Management involves prevention with RhIg in Rh-negative mothers, and treatment of the fetus with intrauterine transfusions or the newborn with phototherapy or exchange transfusions. Testing of mothers and fetuses helps monitor the condition.
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This document discusses ABO incompatibility, which is a type of hemolytic disease caused by a reaction between maternal anti-A or anti-B antibodies and fetal A or B antigens. It is usually milder than Rh incompatibility. The severity of hemolysis is greater in OA incompatibility. Treatment may include phototherapy or exchange transfusion if bilirubin levels are too high.
Hdfn
This document discusses haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), specifically Rh disease. It provides details on the pathophysiology, classification, antenatal assessment and management of Rh HDFN. Key points include that Rh HDFN is caused by maternal IgG antibodies crossing the placenta and destroying Rh+ fetal red blood cells. It can be prevented through administration of RhIg to Rh- mothers. Management may involve procedures like amniocentesis, intrauterine transfusions or exchange transfusions in the fetus or newborn if severe haemolysis is detected or predicted.
Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn (HDFN)
This presentation covers the basics in HDFN.
Reference: BASIC & APPLIED CONCEPTS of BLOOD BANKING and TRANSFUSION PRACTICES, Third Edition.
ISO IMMUNE DISEASE.pptx
This document discusses Rh isoimmune disease, which occurs when a pregnant woman has Rh-negative blood and her baby has Rh-positive blood. It begins by explaining the differences between isoimmune and autoimmune diseases. It then covers blood group systems like ABO and Rh, how they are inherited, and the importance of compatibility for transfusions. The majority of the document focuses on Rh incompatibility during pregnancy, how it can harm the fetus, diagnosis, and treatments like intrauterine transfusions, early delivery, and phototherapy or exchange transfusions for the newborn. It emphasizes the need for Rh-negative mothers to receive Rh immunoglobulin injections during and after pregnancy to prevent sensitization.
Rh incom .ppt
Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), also known as erythroblastosis fetalis, is caused by maternal antibodies crossing the placenta and destroying fetal red blood cells. Rh incompatibility occurs when an Rh-negative mother has an Rh-positive baby. This can sensitize the mother's immune system and cause hemolytic anemia in subsequent Rh-positive babies. Management involves monitoring for signs of fetal anemia, performing intrauterine blood transfusions if needed, and delivering the baby when it is mature. After birth, affected babies may require phototherapy, exchange transfusions, or other treatments to prevent complications from hemolysis and jaundice. RhoGAM injections during and after pregnancy
ABO Blood grouping in-compatibility in pregnancy
Rhesus (Rh) incompatibility is a crucial topic in the realm of pregnancy and childbirth. This condition arises when a pregnant woman, who is Rh-negative, carries a fetus with Rh-positive blood, causing a potential mismatch that can lead to serious complications. Understanding the mechanisms and implications of Rh incompatibility is paramount for healthcare providers and expecting parents alike. Let's delve into this intricate interplay between blood types, antibodies, and pregnancy, to grasp the significance of Rh incompatibility and its management.
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Hemolytic disease of newborn Lecture Final Year MBBS
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), also known as erythroblastosis fetalis, is a condition where a pregnant woman's red blood cells are destroyed by antibodies produced by the fetus or newborn baby. It occurs when the mother is Rh negative and the baby's father is Rh positive, causing the mother to form antibodies against the baby's Rh positive blood cells. These antibodies can then cross the placenta and destroy the baby's red blood cells. Symptoms in severe cases include jaundice, anemia, enlarged liver and spleen, fluid in the lungs or abdomen, and heart failure. Diagnosis involves blood typing of the mother and baby. Management may include RhIG injections during pregnancy to prevent
Coomb's test and a case history by darshika taran
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Hemolytic disease of the newborn and neonatal transfusion.pptx
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About AOMA: The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin offers a masters-level graduate program in acupuncture and Oriental medicine, preparing its students for careers as skilled, professional practitioners. AOMA is known for its internationally recognized faculty, award-winning student clinical internship program, and herbal medicine program. Since its founding in 1993, AOMA has grown rapidly in size and reputation, drawing students from around the nation and faculty from around the world. AOMA also conducts more than 20,000 patient visits annually in its student and professional clinics. AOMA collaborates with Western healthcare institutions including the Seton Family of Hospitals, and gives back to the community through partnerships with nonprofit organizations and by providing free and reduced price treatments to people who cannot afford them. The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin is located at 2700 West Anderson Lane. AOMA also serves patients and retail customers at its south Austin location, 4701 West Gate Blvd. For more information see www.aoma.edu or call 512-492-303434.
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Abo incompatibility
- 2. • ABO incompatibility is a part of HDN (Hemolytic Disease of Newborn). • HDN also includes Rh – incompatibility.
- 3. Destruction of the RBCsof the fetus or newborn by antibodies produced by themother Only IgGantibodies are involved because it can cross the placenta. HDN + Fetal RBC = destruction 3 Mother’s antibodies
- 5. fetal RBC+Maternal IgG Hemolysis of fetalRBC AnemiaAccelarared erythropoesis unconjugated bilirubinemia Jaundice after birth congestive cardiac failure KernicterusHydrops foetalis still birth pathophysiology 4
- 6. Most common form of blood group incompatibility. Results from IgGanti Aand anti Band commonly occurs in Aand Bgroup babies born to Ogroup mothers. Mild and requires notreatment. ABOHDN 6
- 7. Test in themother- ABOand RhDgrouping. Estimation of IgGanti Aand antiB in maternal serum. ADCC(antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity) test in relation to severity. INVESTIGATIONSIN ABOHDN Test ininfants ABOand Rhtyping. DCT Serum bilirubin level(↑) - TCB Haematological parameters Reticulocytosis(5%).
- 8. CLINICAL DETECTION OF ICTERUS
- 10. Phototherapy. Exchange transfusion. Whole blood – leukocyte depleted MANAGEMENTOFABOHDN 10
- 11. • HOW TO PLOT ON GRAPH - • Convert TSB – mg/dl to mmol by multiplying with 17.1 • Convert TSB –mmol to mg/dl y dividing with 17.1
- 12. EXERCISE • 38weeks – DOB:01/01/2019(7AM) ,TSB on 05/01/2019(7PM) is 18mg/dl,mother Opositive,baby :B positive.Plot on graph.tell threshold limits for PT and ET. • 34weeks – DOB:15/02/2019(9PM),TSB on 17/02/2019(7AM) is 14mg/dl.Mother O+,baby:A+ • Plot on graph.Tell treshold limits for PT and ET
- 13. THANK YOU