ABO incompatibility occurs when a pregnant woman has a blood type that is incompatible with her fetus's blood type. It can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) when the mother's IgG antibodies destroy the fetus's or newborn's red blood cells. The most common form is ABO HDN, which usually results in mild symptoms and does not require treatment. It occurs when an O group mother has an A or B group baby and the mother's anti-A or anti-B antibodies destroy the baby's red blood cells. Investigations of the mother and baby include blood typing and testing the mother's serum for IgG antibodies, while the baby may experience jaundice, anemia and other symptoms. Treatment

1. ABO INCOMPATIBILITY

2. • ABO incompatibility is a part of HDN
(Hemolytic Disease of Newborn).
• HDN also includes Rh – incompatibility.

3.  Destruction of the RBCsof the fetus or newborn by
antibodies produced by themother
 Only IgGantibodies are involved because it can cross
the placenta.
HDN
+ Fetal
RBC
= destruction
3
Mother’s
antibodies

5.  fetal RBC+Maternal IgG
Hemolysis of fetalRBC
AnemiaAccelarared
erythropoesis
unconjugated
bilirubinemia
Jaundice after birth
congestive
cardiac
failure
KernicterusHydrops foetalis
still birth
pathophysiology
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6.  Most common form of blood group incompatibility.
 Results from IgGanti Aand anti Band commonly
occurs in Aand Bgroup babies born to Ogroup
mothers.
 Mild and requires notreatment.
ABOHDN
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7.  Test in themother-
 ABOand RhDgrouping.
 Estimation of IgGanti Aand antiB in maternal serum.
 ADCC(antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity) test in
relation to severity.
INVESTIGATIONSIN ABOHDN
 Test ininfants
 ABOand Rhtyping.
 DCT
 Serum bilirubin level(↑) - TCB
 Haematological parameters
Reticulocytosis(5%).

8. CLINICAL DETECTION OF ICTERUS

10. Phototherapy.
 Exchange transfusion.
 Whole blood – leukocyte depleted
MANAGEMENTOFABOHDN
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11. • HOW TO PLOT ON GRAPH -
• Convert TSB – mg/dl to mmol by multiplying
with 17.1
• Convert TSB –mmol to mg/dl y dividing with
17.1

12. EXERCISE
• 38weeks – DOB:01/01/2019(7AM) ,TSB on
05/01/2019(7PM) is 18mg/dl,mother
Opositive,baby :B positive.Plot on graph.tell
threshold limits for PT and ET.
• 34weeks – DOB:15/02/2019(9PM),TSB on
17/02/2019(7AM) is 14mg/dl.Mother
O+,baby:A+
• Plot on graph.Tell treshold limits for PT and ET

13. THANK YOU