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Symbols

+         plus                               /'plʌs/

-         minus                              /'maɪnəs/

±         plus or minus                      /'plʌs ɔ: 'maɪnəs/

x         multiplied by                      /'mʌltɪplaɪdbaɪ/

/         over; divided by                   /'əʊvə/ /dɪ'vaɪdəd/

÷         divided                            /dɪ'vaɪdəd/

=         equals                             /'ɪ:kwəlz/

≈         approximately, similar             /ə'prɒksɪmətlɪ/ /'sɪmɪlətʊ/

≡         equivalent to; identical           /ɪk'wɪvələnttʊ/ /aɪ'dentɪkltʊ/

≠         not equal to                       /'nɒt 'iːkwəltʊ/

>         greater than                       /'greɪtəðən/

<         less than                          /'les ðən/

≥         greater than or equal to           /'greɪtəðən ər 'iːkwəltʊ/

≤         less than or equal to              /'les ðən ər' iːkwəltʊ/

⊁         not greater than                   /'nɒt 'greɪtəðən/

⊀         not less than                      /'nɒt 'les ðən/

≫         much greater than                  /'mʌʧ 'greɪtəðən/

≪         much less than                     /'mʌʧ 'les ðən/

⊥         perpendicular to                   /pɜːpən'dɪkjʊlətʊ/

∣∣        parallel to                        /'pærəleltʊ/

          not equivalent to, not identical
≢                                            /'nɒtɪk'wɪvələnttʊ/ /'nɒtaɪ'dentɪkltʊ/
          to

≄≉        not similar to                     /'nɒt 'sɪmɪlətʊ/

²         squared                            /'skweəd/


                                       1
³         cubed                              /'kju:bd/
4         to the fourth; to the power four /təðə 'fɔːθ/ /teðə 'pɑʊəfɔː/

          to the n; to the nth; to the
n                                            /təðɪ en; tədɪenθ; təðəpɑʊər en/
          power n

√         root; square root                  /ru:t/ /skweəru:t/

∛         cube root                          /kju:bru:t/

∜         fourth root                        /fɔːθruːt/

!         factorial                          /fæk'tɔːrɪəl/

%         percent                            /pə'sent/

∞         infinity                           /ɪn'fɪnətɪ/

∝         varies as; proportional to         /'vɛərɪz/ /prə'pɔːʃənəl/

˙         dot                                /dɒt/

¨         double dot                         /dʌbldɒt/

:         is to, ratio of                    /reɪʃɪəʊ/

f(x) fx   f; function                        /ef/ /'fʌŋkʃən/

f'(x)     f dash; derivative                 /dæʃ/ /dɪ'rɪvətɪv/

          f double-dash; second
f''x                                         /'dʌbldæʃ/ /'sekənddɪ'rɪvətɪv/
          derivative

          f triple-dash; f treble-           /'trɪpldæʃ/ / trebldæʃ/
f'''(x)
          dash; third derivative             /θɜ:ddɪ'rɪvətɪv/

f(4)      f four; fourth derivative          /fɔːθdɪ'rɪvətɪv/

∂         partial derivative, delta          /paːʃəldɪ'rɪvətɪv/ /deltə/

∫         integral                           /'ɪntɪgrəl/

∑         sum                                /sʌm/

w.r.t.    with respect to                    /wɪð 'rɪspekt/

log       log                                /lɒg/


                                         2
log₂x     log to the base 2 of x             /lɒgtəðəbeɪstu: əveks/

∴         therefore                          /'ðɛəfɔː/

∵         because                            /bɪ'kɒz/

→         gives, leads to, approaches        /gɪvz/ /li:dztʊ/ /əprəʊʧəz/

/         per                                /pɜ:/

          belongs to; a member of; an
∈                                            /bɪ'lɒŋz/ /'membə/ /'elɪmənt/
          element of

          does not belong to; is not a
                                             /nɒt bɪ'lɒŋ/ /nɒt ə 'membə/ /nɒtən
∉         member of; is not an element
                                             'elɪmənt/
          of

          contained in; a proper subset
⊂                                            /kən'teɪndɪn/ /'prɒpə 'sʌbset/
          of

⊆         contained in; subset               /'sʌbset/

⋂         intersection                       /'ɪntəsekʃən/

⋃         union                              /'juːnɪən/

∀         for all                            /fərɔ:l/

cos x     cos x; cosine x                    /kɒz/

sin x     sine x                             /saɪn/

tan x     tangent x                          /tan/

cosec x   cosec x                            /'kəʊsek/

sinh x    shine x                            /'ʃaɪn/

cosh x    cosh x                             /'kɒʃ/

tanh x    than x                             /θæn/

|x|       mod x; modulus x                   /mɒd/ /'mɒdjʊləs/

℃         degrees Centigrade                 /dɪ'gri:z 'sentɪgreɪd/

℉         degrees Fahrenheit                 /dɪ'gri:z 'færənhaɪt/



                                         3
°K            degrees Kelvin                     /dɪ'gri:z 'kelvɪn/

0°K, –
              absolute zero                      /absəlu:tzi:rəʊ/
273.15 °C

mm            millimetre                         /'mɪlɪmiːtə/

cm            centimetre                         /'sentɪmiːtə/

              cubic centimetre, centimetre       /'kjuːbɪk
cc, cm³
              cubed                              'sentɪmiːtə/ /'sentɪmiːtə 'kju:bd/

m             metre                              /'miːtə/

km            kilometre                          /kɪ'lɒmɪtə/

mg            milligram                          /'mɪlɪgræm/

g             gram                               /græm/

kg            kilogram                           /'kɪləgræm/

AC            A.C.                               /eɪsi:/

DC            D.C.                               /di: si:/



Α         α           alpha     /'ælfə/      Ν        ν          nu        /'njuː/

Β         β           beta      /'bi:tə/     Ξ        ξ          xi        /'ksaɪ/

Γ         γ           gamma     /'gæmə/      Ο        ο          omicron   /'əʊmɪkrən/

Δ         δ           delta     /'deltə/     Π        π          pi        /'paɪ/

Ε         ε           epsilon   /'epsilən/   Ρ        ρς         rho       /'rəʊ/

Ζ         ζ           zeta      /'ziːtə/     ΢        σ          sigma     /'sɪgmə/

Η         η           eta       /'iːtə/      Σ        τ          tau       /'tɑʊ/

Θ         θ           theta     /'θiːtə/     Τ        υ          upsilon   /'jʊpsɪlən/

Ι         ι           iota      /aɪ'əʊtə/    Υ        φ          phi       /'faɪ/

Κ         κ           kappa     /'kæpə/      Φ        χ          chi       /'kaɪ/

Λ         λ           lamda     /'læmdə/     Χ        ψ          psi       /'psaɪ/

Μ         μ           mu        /'mjuː/      Ψ        ω          omega     /'əʊmɪgə/

                                             4
5

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Symbols

  • 1. Symbols + plus /'plʌs/ - minus /'maɪnəs/ ± plus or minus /'plʌs ɔ: 'maɪnəs/ x multiplied by /'mʌltɪplaɪdbaɪ/ / over; divided by /'əʊvə/ /dɪ'vaɪdəd/ ÷ divided /dɪ'vaɪdəd/ = equals /'ɪ:kwəlz/ ≈ approximately, similar /ə'prɒksɪmətlɪ/ /'sɪmɪlətʊ/ ≡ equivalent to; identical /ɪk'wɪvələnttʊ/ /aɪ'dentɪkltʊ/ ≠ not equal to /'nɒt 'iːkwəltʊ/ > greater than /'greɪtəðən/ < less than /'les ðən/ ≥ greater than or equal to /'greɪtəðən ər 'iːkwəltʊ/ ≤ less than or equal to /'les ðən ər' iːkwəltʊ/ ⊁ not greater than /'nɒt 'greɪtəðən/ ⊀ not less than /'nɒt 'les ðən/ ≫ much greater than /'mʌʧ 'greɪtəðən/ ≪ much less than /'mʌʧ 'les ðən/ ⊥ perpendicular to /pɜːpən'dɪkjʊlətʊ/ ∣∣ parallel to /'pærəleltʊ/ not equivalent to, not identical ≢ /'nɒtɪk'wɪvələnttʊ/ /'nɒtaɪ'dentɪkltʊ/ to ≄≉ not similar to /'nɒt 'sɪmɪlətʊ/ ² squared /'skweəd/ 1
  • 2. ³ cubed /'kju:bd/ 4 to the fourth; to the power four /təðə 'fɔːθ/ /teðə 'pɑʊəfɔː/ to the n; to the nth; to the n /təðɪ en; tədɪenθ; təðəpɑʊər en/ power n √ root; square root /ru:t/ /skweəru:t/ ∛ cube root /kju:bru:t/ ∜ fourth root /fɔːθruːt/ ! factorial /fæk'tɔːrɪəl/ % percent /pə'sent/ ∞ infinity /ɪn'fɪnətɪ/ ∝ varies as; proportional to /'vɛərɪz/ /prə'pɔːʃənəl/ ˙ dot /dɒt/ ¨ double dot /dʌbldɒt/ : is to, ratio of /reɪʃɪəʊ/ f(x) fx f; function /ef/ /'fʌŋkʃən/ f'(x) f dash; derivative /dæʃ/ /dɪ'rɪvətɪv/ f double-dash; second f''x /'dʌbldæʃ/ /'sekənddɪ'rɪvətɪv/ derivative f triple-dash; f treble- /'trɪpldæʃ/ / trebldæʃ/ f'''(x) dash; third derivative /θɜ:ddɪ'rɪvətɪv/ f(4) f four; fourth derivative /fɔːθdɪ'rɪvətɪv/ ∂ partial derivative, delta /paːʃəldɪ'rɪvətɪv/ /deltə/ ∫ integral /'ɪntɪgrəl/ ∑ sum /sʌm/ w.r.t. with respect to /wɪð 'rɪspekt/ log log /lɒg/ 2
  • 3. log₂x log to the base 2 of x /lɒgtəðəbeɪstu: əveks/ ∴ therefore /'ðɛəfɔː/ ∵ because /bɪ'kɒz/ → gives, leads to, approaches /gɪvz/ /li:dztʊ/ /əprəʊʧəz/ / per /pɜ:/ belongs to; a member of; an ∈ /bɪ'lɒŋz/ /'membə/ /'elɪmənt/ element of does not belong to; is not a /nɒt bɪ'lɒŋ/ /nɒt ə 'membə/ /nɒtən ∉ member of; is not an element 'elɪmənt/ of contained in; a proper subset ⊂ /kən'teɪndɪn/ /'prɒpə 'sʌbset/ of ⊆ contained in; subset /'sʌbset/ ⋂ intersection /'ɪntəsekʃən/ ⋃ union /'juːnɪən/ ∀ for all /fərɔ:l/ cos x cos x; cosine x /kɒz/ sin x sine x /saɪn/ tan x tangent x /tan/ cosec x cosec x /'kəʊsek/ sinh x shine x /'ʃaɪn/ cosh x cosh x /'kɒʃ/ tanh x than x /θæn/ |x| mod x; modulus x /mɒd/ /'mɒdjʊləs/ ℃ degrees Centigrade /dɪ'gri:z 'sentɪgreɪd/ ℉ degrees Fahrenheit /dɪ'gri:z 'færənhaɪt/ 3
  • 4. °K degrees Kelvin /dɪ'gri:z 'kelvɪn/ 0°K, – absolute zero /absəlu:tzi:rəʊ/ 273.15 °C mm millimetre /'mɪlɪmiːtə/ cm centimetre /'sentɪmiːtə/ cubic centimetre, centimetre /'kjuːbɪk cc, cm³ cubed 'sentɪmiːtə/ /'sentɪmiːtə 'kju:bd/ m metre /'miːtə/ km kilometre /kɪ'lɒmɪtə/ mg milligram /'mɪlɪgræm/ g gram /græm/ kg kilogram /'kɪləgræm/ AC A.C. /eɪsi:/ DC D.C. /di: si:/ Α α alpha /'ælfə/ Ν ν nu /'njuː/ Β β beta /'bi:tə/ Ξ ξ xi /'ksaɪ/ Γ γ gamma /'gæmə/ Ο ο omicron /'əʊmɪkrən/ Δ δ delta /'deltə/ Π π pi /'paɪ/ Ε ε epsilon /'epsilən/ Ρ ρς rho /'rəʊ/ Ζ ζ zeta /'ziːtə/ ΢ σ sigma /'sɪgmə/ Η η eta /'iːtə/ Σ τ tau /'tɑʊ/ Θ θ theta /'θiːtə/ Τ υ upsilon /'jʊpsɪlən/ Ι ι iota /aɪ'əʊtə/ Υ φ phi /'faɪ/ Κ κ kappa /'kæpə/ Φ χ chi /'kaɪ/ Λ λ lamda /'læmdə/ Χ ψ psi /'psaɪ/ Μ μ mu /'mjuː/ Ψ ω omega /'əʊmɪgə/ 4
  • 5. 5